Transcript Intrinsic motivation - Katie King Schneider

BEHAVIORISM:
INTRINSIC & EXTRINSIC
MOTIVATION
Motivation and learning styles
Objectives
• Understand the basic idea of Behaviorism
• Understand the differences between extrinsic and
intrinsic motivation
• Understand why intrinsic motivation is key to behavior
change and learning
• Understand the role that educators have in inspiring
intrinsic motivation
Oh, Behave...
Definition of Behaviorism
All things that organisms do - including acting,
thinking, and feeling, are regarded as behaviors.
To change behaviors, the environment is
modified or behavioral patterns are changed.
Behaviorism: The Basics!
•
B.F. Skinner & Operant Conditioning
•
Ivan Pavlov & Classical Conditioning
http://pupwellness.blogspot.com/
Four Motivational Theories
•
•
•
•
Behavioral: Reward, Incentive
Humanistic: Inborn Need, Inner Resources
Cognitive: Thinking, Interpretation
Sociocultural: Identity, Interpersonal
One of these four theories is extrinsic.
Can you tell me which one?
Extrinsic Motivation
Extrinsic motivation
comes from outside of
the individual.
Examples:
o Rewards like money,
grades, or trophies
o Coercion
o Threat of punishment
o Competition
o
The Office: Schrutebucks
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BOe9nSJXEDc
o
The Office: Michael = “Boss”
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lG54HSGuidQ&feature=related
Intrinsic Motivation
Intrinsic motivation refers to motivation that is driven by
an interest or enjoyment in the task itself, existing within
the individual rather than relying on any external pressure.
Examples:
•
Can attribute results to factors under their own control
(e.g., the effort expended)
•
Believe they can be effective agents in reaching desired
goals (i.e. the results are not determined by luck)
•
Interested in mastering a topic, rather than just rotelearning to achieve good grades.
•
Forrest Gump: I just like running. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gimcdV-8FzY
•
The Office: The most inspiring thing ever said...
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bVVsDIv98TA
A Few Good Theories
Incentive Theory
• Training ("Treat, puppy! Treat!)
Goal-Setting Theory
•
Four goal orientations
o
Learning: Improvement, Challenges
o
Performance: Demonstration of Ability
o
Work-Avoidance: Easy, Minimal Effort
o
Social: Peer Groups, Honor
Possible Intrinsic Motivations...
Maslow's Hierarchy
• Physiological: Breathing, Food, Water, Sleep
• Safety: Security of; Body, Employment, Resources, Morality, The Family
• Love, Belonging: Friendship, Family, Sexual Intimacy
• Esteem: Self Esteem, Confidence, Respect
• Self-Actualization: Morality, Creativity, Lack of Prejudice
Or…Five Human Needs
• Connection
• Power
• Freedom
• Fun
• Survival
Marketing & Intrinsic Worth
Applications
http://dontia-vereen.com/the-suprising-science-of-motivation-dan-pink/
Let’s Talk…
• Knowing what we now know about intrinsic and extrinsic
motivation, which do you think is most common in
schools? Why?
• Which type of motivation do you think is most effective for
student learning or behavior change? Why?
• If we acknowledge that intrinsic motivation is most
effective in terms of learning or behavior change, how do
we as educators inspire intrinsic motivation development
in our students?
What does this mean to me?
Teachers
o
Choice
o
Connecting content to students' lives
o
Competence
o
Creativity
cartoonbabykids.blogspot.com
What does this mean to me?
Administrators
o
School Climate
o
Discipline/Reward system within the school
o
Professional development opportunities
What does this mean to me?
Students
o
Ownership
o
Relevance
o
Self-efficacy
o
Basic needs being met
What does this mean to me?
Counselors
o
Help students figure out
what motivates them
o
Goal setting
o
Support motivating school
climate
o
Thinking and acting for
behavior change
Tools I can use…
Motivational Interviewing
o
Help students identify behaviors that they are interested in
changing
o
And help them figure out how to do that
Solution-Focused Counseling
o
Figure out what works for the student and see if she or he can
transfer that solution to a current problem
o
What motivates the student to avoid the problem under different
circumstances
Responsible Behavior Choice
o
Teaching students socially responsible behavior to satisfy needs
Sum it up!
o
Behaviorism holds that all actions have a reason.
o
Intrinsic motivation comes from within. Extrinsic
motivation comes from without.
o
Tapping into intrinsic motivation leads to more effective
teaching.
o
Counselors can use this information to enable teachers
and administrators to more effectively work with students
and enable students enjoy the learning process.
Activity
Role Play or Discussion
Groups of 2, please!
Sources
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Behaviorism, accessed 09.29.2011.
• Chapter Ten: Motivating Students Outline. Miller and Rollnick, 2009.
• Chapter Ten: Motivation: Issues and Explanations. Miller and Rollnick, 2009.
• Sullo, B. (2007). Activating the desire to learn. Alexandria, VA: Association for
Supervision and Curriculum Development.