Transcript animal behaviors

ANIMAL BEHAVIORS
Biology
Objective 4.05
WORDS TO DEFINE
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Chapter 34, page 871
Behavior
Stimulus
Response
Habituation
Classical conditioning
Imprinting
Animals Behave…
It is only natural for one to
behave like others in their
surroundings.
• BEHAVIOR- (def.) an organism’s
reaction to STIMULI (def.)
• Ex: If you hear a loud noise, you
might jump!
Animals Behave…
• An animal’s reaction to a
STIMULUS may not be a
BEHAVIOR, but it may be a
RESPONSE (def.)
Examples of Stimuli
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Light
Sound
Odor
Heat
• Some birds use the Earth’s
magnetic field as a stimulus
when they migrate!
• ALL animals evolve to stimuli:
– P 872, fig 34-3
Three Types of Behavior
1) Innate Behavior
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INSTINCT or TAXIS
Behavior performed with no prior
experience or knowledge
• Ex: suckling= instinct
• movement toward/ away from light
• Migration
• Estivation
• hibernation
Three types of Behavior
2) Learned Behavior
• Behavior that comes from
adaptation to stimuli when
innate responses are not
enough
• Develop over time (Ex: learning
to read!)
Three types of Behavior
Learned behavior (cont’d)
• Animals learn from our parent’s
behaviors
• THERE ARE DIFFERENT TYPES
OF LEARNED BEHAVIOR:
−Habituation
−Classical Conditioning
Habituation (def.)
• Repetition!
• The animal ignores a non-threat
stimuli
• Shore Ragworm p 874
Classical Conditioning (def.)
• Conditioning a response to
stimuli
• Ex: when a dog sees a leash, it
wants to go for a walk!
• Pavlov’s Dog, p 874 fig 34-5
• Also called “trial and error”
Animal Behavior Video
Links
• Aggression video:
http://video.google.com/videoplay?do
cid=-3353690792780281905 hippo
• http://video.google.com/videoplay?do
cid=-6431936272692514162 fish
• http://video.google.com/videoplay?do
cid=-8700762306028910441
(Classical cond)
• http://video.google.com/videoplay?do
cid=-4622898984936634867
Imprinting (def.)
• INVOLVES BOTH LEARNED &
INNATE BEHAVIORS
• Usually seen in fowl (geese,
ducks)
• Young hatchlings follow and
mimic the first moving thing that
they see!
• Can also use scent instead of
sight (Salmon)
ASSIGNMENT
• P 876
• #’s 1, 2, 4, 5
Three Types of Behavior
3) Social Behavior
• Communication between
animals (Visual, Sound, Touch,
or Chemical)
• Ex: Language in Humans
• Can be based on seasonal
change (birds migrating, mating
seasons)
Social Behavior (cont’d)
• Types of social behavior:
• Courtship
• Territorial Defense
• Pheromones
Courtship
• Communication between males
and females in species
• An individual sends out stimuli
−Visual (courtship dance, vivid
colors)
−Sound (mating call)
−Chemicals that attract the
opposite sex
• Stimuli become “ritual”
Courtship (cont’d)
• The function of courtship is to
find the most healthy mate!
• Survival of the species depends
upon passing on the traits that
are going to help the species
survive.
• Ex: Humans want to choose the
most “becoming” significant
other!
Mating Ritual
Moose Mating Call
trmichels.com
Competition
• Organisms show
competition when
they are fighting
over a resource
(land, food, mate)
• Aggression
(GRrRrRrrrrrrrrr!)
http://www.repticzone.net/i
mages/3854/ooooooo.JPG
• Ex: Territorial
competition in
fighting fish (beta
fish)
Pheromones
• Pheromones are chemical
signals that affect animal
behavior
• Only used in animals with highly
developed smell organs (fish, bees,
ants)
Plants Behave Too!
• Plants respond to stimuli just like
animals do, but they have special
ways of showing it!
• TROPISMS- growth of a plant in
response to a stimulus.
• Three basic types:
−Phototropism, Geotropism, and
Thigmotropism
Phototropism
• Response to
light
• Plants will grow
in any direction
to get to a light
source
Geotropism
• Response to
gravity
• Roots grow
toward earth in
response to
gravity
Thigmotropism
• Response to touch
• Some plants ‘vine’ around objects
for support (beans, grapes,
morning glories)
Assignment
• P 882
• #’s 2-4
EOC REVIEW!
• Go over sections 2 & 3
• TIME TO WORK ON NEXT
ASSIGNMENT IN CLASS!