Transcript Plant Adaptations

Plant Adaptations
Piture Plant
Piture Plant
Bromelliad
Cactus
Cactus
Succulent
Succulent
Fragrant Flowers
Fragrant Flowers
Brightly-colored Flowers
Brightly-colored Flowers
Brightly-colored Flowers
Brightly-colored Flowers
Plant Tropisms – plants growth
response to an external stimulus
• Gravitropism – positive – downward growth –
roots, negative – upward growth toward the light
source
– Stimulus:
• Phototropism – plant growth in response to light
– Stimulus:
• Thigmotropism – growth toward a point of contact
– Stimulus
• Hydrotropism – growth of roots towards the
closest water source
– Stimulus:
Plants and Hormones
• Giberellins
– Cause cell elongation, stimulate cell division and affect
seed growth – stems will grow
– Dwarf plants often do not have Giberellin
• Auxins
– Stimulates the lengthening and elongation of cells
• Ethylene
– Gaseous hormone – promotes ripening of fruits
– Farming industry will pick vegetables and fruits before
they ripen, so they won’t get bruised and then once they
have arrived at their destination, they will spray them with
ethylene to help them to ripen
Animal Behaviors
Behaviors can be….
• Innate – behavior is genetically based and
not linked to past experience
OR
• Learned – results from interaction between
innate behaviors and past experiences
within a particular environment
Innate Behaviors
• Fixed Action Pattern – carrying out a
specific set of actions, in sequence, in
response to a stimulus
– Ex – Geese recognize when an egg has rolled
out of their next – they will instinctively push
the egg back into the nest
Learned Behaviors
• Habituation – decrease in an animal’s
response after repeatedly being exposed to a
stimuls that has no positive or negative
effects
– Ex Baby birds in a nest and how they respond to
things flying overhead – at first, very scared, then
as time passes, they stimulus no longer effects
them
• Classical Conditioning – occurs when an
association is made between 2 different
stimuli
Classical Conditioning
Ecological Behaviors
• Imprinting – permanent learning that occurs only
within a specific period of time in an animals life
– Ex When baby ducks hatch, the first organism they see/
come in contact with is their mother – even when that is
not the case
• Migratory – animals move with the seasons to
increase rate of survival
– Ex birds fly south in the winter to wait out the cold
• Territorial – attempts to adopt and control a
physical area against members of the same species
– also against different species
– Larger mammals – cats and dogs – marking territory with
urine – typically males
Ecological Behaviors
• Hibernation - is a state of inactivity and
metabolic depression in animals,
characterized by lower body temperature,
slower breathing, and lower metabolic rate
– Bears, chipmunks, squirrels
• Estivation - known as "summer sleep", is a
state of animal dormancy somewhat similar
to hibernation. It takes place during times of
heat and dryness.
– Salamanders burrow in the mud of rivers to stay
cool and moist