Transcript Operant Conditioning

Homework # 13
-
- Pick up a half sheet from the front
table.
You will use your notes and the following
pages to help complete the homework for
next class.
Red: pg. 29-37
Blue: pg. 250-258
WARM-UP:
What is the best reward you have ever
received? What is the worst punishment?
Hit List:
• Homework
• Make-up Work: side board
– Grades
•
•
•
•
Review Classical Conditioning
Operant Conditioning
Partner Work
Unit Project
Review: Classical
Conditioning
Before Conditioning:
UCS  UCR (reflex)
NS  No Response
Before Conditioning:
Food  Salivation (reflex)
Bell  No Response
During Conditioning:
UCS + NS  UCR
During Conditioning:
Food + Bell  Salivation
After Conditioning:
CS  CR
After Conditioning:
Bell  Salivation
Review: Classical
Conditioning
Before Conditioning:
UCS  UCR (reflex)
NS  No Response
Before Conditioning:
Altoid Mint  Recognize bad breath/take mint
Computer Noise  No Response
During Conditioning:
UCS + NS  UCR
During Conditioning:
Altoid Mint + Computer Noise 
Recognize bad breath/take mint
After Conditioning:
CS  CR
After Conditioning:
Computer Noise  Recognize bad
breath/take mint
Learning
Operant Conditioning
B. F. Skinner
• Operant
Conditioning:
Learning from
consequences of
behavior
• How does this differ
from classical
conditioning?
(The rat must learn how to solve a
problem of how to get food)
Reinforcement
• A consequence that increases the likelihood a
behavior to occur again
• Positive reinforcement: Presenting something
desirable; a reward
Ex: Money for good grades
• Negative reinforcement: Taking away
something you don’t like
• Ex: Taking aspirin to get rid of a headache
• Ex: Beeping when you leave the head lights on.
You must turn off the lights to stop the beeping.
Schedules of Reinforcement
• Continuous schedule: Reinforcement given
every time something occurs
– Ex: Get a piece of candy every time you answer a
question.
• Partial schedule: Reinforcement given only
sometimes (4 types)
– Ex: Get a piece of candy sometimes when answer a
question.
• Which do you think works better?
Partial Schedules of
Reinforcement
• Ratio: behavior is reinforced based on the
frequency of responses
– (Frequency: How often something occurs)
• Interval: behavior reinforced based on
time
Partial Schedules of
Reinforcement
Ratio
Examples:
• Fixed-Ratio: reinforcement
Getting paid for every 5 pizzas
after a fixed # of responses
made
• Variable-Ratio: reinforcement Playing a slot machine
after a varying # of responses
Interval
Examples:
• Fixed-interval: reinforcement Getting a paycheck every
for response after a fixed time Friday
elapsed
• Variable-interval:
Pop quizzes
reinforcement for response after
random time periods
Punishment
• Unpleasant consequence which
decreases a behavior to occur again.
• Examples?
Partner Work
Reinforcement
Punishment
- Positive reinforcement:
Presenting something
desirable; a reward
Ex: Money for good grades
- Negative reinforcement:
Taking away something you
don’t like
• Ex: Taking aspirin to get rid of
a headache
• Ex: Beeping when you leave
the head lights on. You must
turn off the lights to stop the
beeping.
- Unpleasant consequence which
decreases a behavior to occur
again.
Which one?
Indicate whether the following are PR (positive
reinforcement), NR (negative reinforcement), or PN
(punishment)
1. The police stop drivers and give awards for safe
driving.
2. A baseball player glares at a teammate who makes an
error.
3. A mother gives candy to the crying child at the grocery
store.
4. You leave a building when the fire alarm sounds.
5. A mother smiles when her child says “Mama”
Social Learning
•
Homework #14 Questions
– Red: pg. 42-49
Blue: pg. 259-266
1. Name and describe the three types of modeling.
2. Give an example of how you have displayed self-control
as behavior modification.
Due Tuesday 5/5/09