Transcript What is Psychology?

Bellwork: Open your notebooks,
date them 3/16, and answer the
following question:
HOW MUCH DOES
YOUR BRAIN WEIGH?
WHAT ANIMAL HAS
THE LARGEST BRAIN?
Brain Imaging
Brain Function
Brain Structure
 EEG
 CAT scans
 MEG
 MRI
 PET
 fMRI
 fMRS
Brain Facts
 Wet Fragile mass that weighs a little over 3 pounds
 About the size of a small grapefruit
 Shaped like a walnut
 Always working even during sleep
 Only 2% of our body weight but consumes 20% of
our daily calories(and blood flow and oxygen).
 We yawn to wake our brain up
 The more we think, the more we burn
Brain Facts(continued)
 Your brain is 75% water
 Your brain is incapable of feeling pain
 Elephants have the largest brain by size (11 pounds) of any
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land mammal.
Your brain stops growing at age 18
Information travels to your brain at over 250 mph
The capacity for such emotions as joy, happiness, fear, and
shyness are already developed at birth. The specific type of
nurturing a child receives shapes how these emotions are
developed.
your brain is capable of having more ideas than the number
of atoms in the known universe
Brain Facts(continued)
Tickles. You can’t tickle yourself because your brain distinguished between
unexpected external touch and your own touch.
Imaginary playmates. A study from Australia showed that children with imaginary
playmates between the ages of 3 and 9 tended to be first-born children.
Reading faces. Without any words, you may be able to determine if someone is in
a good mood, is feeling sad, or is angry just by reading the face. A small area in
the brain called the amygdala is responsible for your ability to read
someone else’s face for clues to how they are feeling.
Pain and gender. Scientists have discovered that men and women’s
brains react differently to pain, which explains why they may perceive or
discuss pain differently.
Brain Facts(continued)
Supertasters. There is a class of people known as supertasters who not
only have more taste buds on the tongue, but whose brain is more sensitive to the
tastes of foods and drinks. In fact, they can detect some flavors that others cannot.
Cold. Some people are much more sensitive to cold and actually feel pain
associated with cold. Research has shown that the reason is due to certain
channels that send cold information to the brain.
Decision-making. Women tend to take longer to make a decision, but are more
likely to stick with the decision, compared to men, who are more likely to change
their mind after making a decision.
Create associations. Memory is formed by associations, so if you want help
remembering things, create associations for yourself.
Sleep. While you sleep at night may be the best time for your brain to
consolidate all your memories from the day.
World Champion. A world champion memorizer, Ben Pridmore memorized 96 historical
events in 5 minutes and memorized a single, shuffled deck of cards in 26.28 seconds.
3/6 Bellwork:
1. Open notebooks, date them, and title them. 3
parts of my personality
2. On the left, list personality traits you believe
you got from your mom. On the right, list
personality traits you believe you got from your
dad. In the middle list personality traits you
think are unique to you.(could be
environmental or genetic)
Discovering who you are
Reading 2 pg. 112 (Read until the end of the 1st
paragraph on pg 114)
Unit Vocabulary
1. Psychology
2. Personality
3. Heredity
4. Environment
5. Adaptation
6. Id
7. Ego
8. Superego
9. Empathy
10. Conscious Needs
11. Unconscious Needs
12. Defense Mechanisms
13. Projection
14. Repression
15. Denial
16. Rationalization
17. Self Actualization
18. Perception
19. Mental Set
20. Learning
21. Experience Pattern
22. Conditioning
23. Stimulus
Bellwork 3/18:
Open notebooks, pull out personality worksheet
and answer the following 2 questions in your
notes.
1. DO YOU BELIEVE YOUR PERSONALITY IS
MORE IMPACTED BY YOUR HEREDITY OR
YOUR ENVIRONMENT? EXPLAIN.
2. HOW IS THE WORD ADAPTATION USED
DIFFERENTLY IN PSYCHOLOGY THAN IN
SCIENCE?
SIGMUND FREUD-FATHER OF
MODERN PSYCHOLOGY
Id: Basic needs-food,
water, survival, happiness
Superego: teachings of
society concerning right
and wrong
Ego: referee between Id,
Superego
Bellwork 4/8:
OPEN TEXTBOOK TO PAGE 148 AND DEFINE
THE FOLLOWING:
CONSCIOUS NEEDS
UNCONSCIOUS NEEDS
Conscious vs.
Unconscious needs
Unconscious Needs:
• Attention
• Affection
• Success
• Avoidance of failure
• Power
• Control
• perfection
s. Unconscious needs
90% is our unconscious mind
Bellwork 4/8:
Open notebooks and List one situation or
event in the past month in which you
personally used a defense mechanism
Defense Mechanisms
Other Defense Mechanisms
DISPLACEMENT
SUBLIMATION
INTELECTUALIZATION
REGRESSION
ACTING OUT
AFFILIATION
AIM INHIBITION
ALTRUISM
AVOIDANCE
COMPENSATION
HUMOR:
PASSIVE-AGGRESSION
Shipwrecked:
Just sit right back and you’ll hear a tale, a tale of
a fateful trip, that started from this tropic port
aboard this tiny ship
1. Make a list of the top 5 most urgent needs that should be taken
care of within the first 2 months of being shipwrecked
1. What needs would need to be addressed within the first 2
months?
1. Nobody is coming to save you, what needs to be addressed
after 2 years of living on this island?
Defense Mechanisms
Repression
REPRESSION IS ANOTHER WELL-KNOWN DEFENSE MECHANISM.
REPRESSION ACTS TO KEEP INFORMATION OUT OF CONSCIOUS
AWARENESS. HOWEVER, THESE MEMORIES DON'T JUST DISAPPEAR;
THEY CONTINUE TO INFLUENCE OUR BEHAVIOR. FOR EXAMPLE, A
PERSON WHO HAS REPRESSED MEMORIES OF ABUSE SUFFERED AS A
CHILD MAY LATER HAVE DIFFICULTY FORMING RELATIONSHIPS.
SOMETIMES WE DO THIS CONSCIOUSLY BY FORCING THE UNWANTED
INFORMATION OUT OF OUR AWARENESS, WHICH IS KNOWN AS
SUPPRESSION. IN MOST CASES, HOWEVER, THIS REMOVAL OF
ANXIETY-PROVOKING MEMORIES FROM OUR AWARENESS IS
BELIEVED TO OCCUR UNCONSCIOUSLY.
Defense Mechanisms
Projection
PROJECTION IS A DEFENSE MECHANISM THAT INVOLVES TAKING
OUR OWN UNACCEPTABLE QUALITIES OR FEELINGS AND ASCRIBING
THEM TO OTHER PEOPLE. FOR EXAMPLE, IF YOU HAVE A STRONG
DISLIKE FOR SOMEONE, YOU MIGHT INSTEAD BELIEVE THAT HE OR
SHE DOES NOT LIKE YOU. PROJECTION WORKS BY ALLOWING THE
EXPRESSION OF THE DESIRE OR IMPULSE, BUT IN A WAY THAT THE
EGO CANNOT RECOGNIZE, THEREFORE REDUCING ANXIETY.
Defense Mechanisms
Rationalization
RATIONALIZATION IS A DEFENSE MECHANISM THAT INVOLVES
EXPLAINING AN UNACCEPTABLE BEHAVIOR OR FEELING IN A
RATIONAL OR LOGICAL MANNER, AVOIDING THE TRUE REASONS FOR
THE BEHAVIOR. FOR EXAMPLE, A PERSON WHO IS TURNED DOWN
FOR A DATE MIGHT RATIONALIZE THE SITUATION BY SAYING THEY
WERE NOT ATTRACTED TO THE OTHER PERSON ANYWAY, OR A
STUDENT MIGHT BLAME A POOR EXAM SCORE ON THE INSTRUCTOR
RATHER THAN HIS OR HER LACK OF PREPARATION.
RATIONALIZATION NOT ONLY PREVENTS ANXIETY, IT MAY ALSO
PROTECT SELF-ESTEEM AND SELF-CONCEPT. WHEN CONFRONTED BY
SUCCESS OR FAILURE, PEOPLE TEND TO ATTRIBUTE ACHIEVEMENT
TO THEIR OWN QUALITIES AND SKILLS WHILE FAILURES ARE
BLAMED ON OTHER PEOPLE OR OUTSIDE FORCES.
Maslow’s Needs Pyramid
1. Reading 5 pg 123 (Begin with Abraham
Maslow)
What did Maslow say about our needs?
How many different needs categories did
he identify?
Define Self-Actualization (In your key term
boxes)
Get info down in notes, sit with a mix of B/C
Maslow's Needs Pyramid
5. Self Actualization
4. Self esteem
3. Love and Belonging
2. Safety
1. Body
Group Questions
DID THE PERSON GIVE A SPECIFIC SCHOOL/NATIONAL ISSUE?
WHAT WAS IT?
DID THE PERSON CONNECT IT IN A MEANINGFUL WAY TO THEIR
BOOK?
Body
Food, water, clothing, shelter, air
Safety
Keep one safe from harm
Love and belonging
Provided by family and friends
Self esteem
provided by family and friends
Self Actualization
Constant self
improvement
Daily Agenda
1. Complete Reading 6 Perception and
Learning.
2. Answer the questions at the end of the
reading. (Key terms in notes or key term sheets)
Mental Set- an expectation of the way things should be
Experience
the world
through our
5 senses
Travels through
nervous system
to brain where
we decide what
to do
Information is
sent back to the
body ordering
us to act in a
certain way
Brain stores
information on
what to and
not to do next
time
Exterior Parts of the Brain
 Frontal Lobe-Planning, Organizing, Higher order
thinking, Impulse control, emotions
 Motor Cortex-Voluntary Body Movement
 Sensory Cortex-Sensory input register
 Parietal Lobe- spatial orientation, calculation,
recognition
Exterior Parts of the Brain
 Occipital Lobe- Visual Processing
 Temporal Lobe- Sound, Music, face and object
recognition
 Cerebellum-Movement and Balance
 Brain Stem- controls blood pressure, body
temperature, respiration, digestion
2
Label the exterior
parts of the brain
3
4
1
5
6
7
8
Brain Stem
Cerebellum
Parietal Lobe
Occipital Lobe
According to Freud:
9. This part of your personality you are born with
and it satisfies your selfish needs and wants
10. This part of your personality is developed by
the teachings of society.
11. This part of your personality balances the
desires of both
15. Id
16. Needs
17. Operant(Pigeon)
18. Classical(Dog)
a. Maslow
b. Skinner
c. Freud
d. Pavlov
Word Bank:
Motor Cortex
Sensory Cortex
Temporal Lobe
Frontal Lobe
C –Classical
O-Operant
T-Trial and Error
12. Associates a neutral stimuli
with and unconditioned
stimuli
13. Uses positive/negative
reinforcement
14. Example: riding a bike
Read pgs. 122-125(Taking care of your needs)
 Show that you understand defense mechanisms by
drawing on your key terms an accurate example of
each defense mechanism. Once you complete that,
please illustrate the rest of your key terms
Defense Mechanisms
Protection from emotional pain
Projection- shifting your own faults onto someone
else
Repression-putting painful memories out of ones
mind
Denial-refusing to believe something has happened
Rationalization-making an excuse that is not the
real reason for doing something
3 types of learning
Classical conditioning(Ivan Pavlov)
Stimulus
Response
NS(bell)
R(no salivation)
UCS(food)
UCR(salivation)
NS (bell)+UCS (food) R (salivation)
CS(bell)
CR(salivation)
types of learning
Operant Conditioning(B.F. Skinner)
•Shaping behavior
•Uses positive and negative reinforcement
•Positive more beneficial than negative
•Worked with pigeons in “Skinner Box”
•Extrinsic Motivation
types of learning
 Pg. 134 Beginning with “If you have
ever tried to train a dog…”
In your notebook:
 What is a difference between operant and
classical conditioning?