Transcript Classical Conditioning

CHAPTER 8: LEARNING
Classical Conditioning
Opening Experiment: Directions:
Please place your head on desk,
close your eyes and relax.
This is NOT Hypnosis
Learning
► YouTube
- Scary Loud Noise
► Learning - a change in behavior due to
experience
► We are not born with a blueprint of how to
survive, we learn by experience. We have
adaptability – the capacity to cope with
our changing environments.
Behaviorism
► Behaviorism
–
 Psychology should be an objective science
 Studies behavior without reference to mental
processes .
 RELATE EVERYTHING WE LEARN IN THE NEXT
2 CHAPTERS TO BEHAVIORISM aka Behavioral
perspective
Behaviorists
► Ivan
Pavlov – Russian physiologist who
observed conditioned salivary responses in
dogs (1849-1936)
Behaviorists
►
John B. Watson –
American psychologist who
established the
psychological school of
behaviorism. (1878 –
1958)
 "Give me a dozen healthy
infants, well-formed, and my
own specified world to bring
them up in and I'll guarantee
to take any one at random
and train him to become any
type of specialist I might
select--doctor, lawyer, artist,
merchant- chief, and yes,
even beggarman and thief,
regardless of his talents,
penchants, tendencies,
abilities, vocations, and race
of his ancestors"
Behaviorists
► B.F.
Skinner – An American psychologist
who advocated behaviorism and studied the
effects of reinforcement. (1904 – 1990)
(Operant Conditioning)
Associative Learning
► Learning
by association – learning that
certain events occur together.
 Classical Conditioning – learning the relationship
between stimuli and responses. P. 314 Fig. 8.1
 Operant Conditioning – learning through
rewards and punishments. P.315 Fig. 8.2
 Behavior followed by it’s consequences
Examples of Classical
Conditioning
► Alfred
Hitchcock Films
► YouTube - Top 5 Horror Movies theme songs
► Jaws Theme Song
► Bakeries
► Songs
► Sounds of the ocean CD
► Your Dogs and Cats
► Classical Conditioning with a Daisy the Cat
► Classical Conditioning Experiment
Classical Conditioning
► Classical
conditioning – learning to
associate neutral stimuli with stimuli that
produce reflexive, involuntary responses,
and will learn to respond similarly to the
new stimulus as they did the old one.
Pavlov’s Dog
► Pavlov
dogs…
observed the salivation of
 Unconditioned Stimulus (UCS-aka
US) – something that elicits a natural
response (FOOD)
 Unconditioned Response (UCR- aka
UR) – natural, involuntary response
(SALIVATION)
 Neutral Stimulus (NS) – something that
does not elicit any particular behavior
without conditioning (BELL)
Pavlov’s Dog
UCS
NS
UCR
No
response
CR
Pavlov’s Dog
► Order
of stimuli
 Conditioned Stimulus / Neutral Stimulus (CS)
presented first THEN the Unconditioned
Stimulus (UCS)
 Present within a short amount of time from one
another… half a second.
Pavlov’s Dog
► After
Conditioning ….
 Conditioned Stimulus (CS) – a originally irrelevant
stimulus that comes to trigger a particular behavior
(BELL)
 Conditioned Response (CR) – the learned response
that initially occurred to the unconditioned stimulus and
now occurs to the conditioned stimulus (SALIVATION)
 Classical Conditioning - Ivan Pavlov – YouTube
Two and Half Men - Pavlov's Bar – YouTube
Interesting fact about Pavlov’s laboratory I read about
Pavlov’s Laboratory
►
ouTube - Baha Men - Who Let The Dogs Out (Original
version) | Full HD | 1080p (:18)
Pavlov’s Dog
► FOOD
(UCS) ------------ SALIVATION (UCR)
► BELL (NS) ------------ Initially produced no
salivation
► NS + UCS ----------------- SALIVATION (UCR)
► BELL (CS) ---------------- SALIVATION (CR)
More Classical Conditioning
► Practice
Classical Conditioning
Onion Breath. P.318 Fig. 8.4 romantic vs.
sexual arousal
► Classical conditioning and the blink response
Examples of Classical
Conditioning
► Classical
Conditioning at BGSU – YouTube
► The Office - Pavlov's dog on Vimeo
► Classical Conditioning within Psychology "Attack of the Quack" –
► YouTubeClassical Conditioning in High
School
Clockwork Orange classical conditioning scene
5 concepts of classical
conditioning
► Acquisition-
Learning has taken place when
the animal/person responds to the
conditioned stimulus. This initial learning is
called acquisition. (the animal has
acquired a new behavior)
Extinction and
Spontaneous Recovery
► Will
the CS always yield the CR… even if
repeatedly presented without the UCS?
 Extinction – the diminishing of an CR if the CS
is not presented with the UCS
► Will
the CS yield a CR after a wait period?
 Spontaneous recovery – the reappearance of
an extinguished conditioned response after a
rest period.
Distinguishing Between Stimuli
► Will
the animal respond to a somewhat
varied stimulus?
 Generalization – after conditioning, the
tendency for a stimulus, similar to the CS, to
evoke a similar response. P. 321 snails cartoon
 Discrimination – the learned ability to
distinguish between CS and another stimulus.
 Water Bottle Experiment.
 Rape as classical conditioning p. 325
Activity Classically Conditioning a
Student
► Directions:
On a sheet of scrap paper write
out the following 9 terms in one column
► UCS, UCR, CS, CR, Acquisition, Extinction,
Spontaneous Recovery, Generalization,
Discrimination.
► After I conduct the short demonstration
label the 4 parts of the classical conditioning
then explain WHEN in the experiment the
last 5 terms took place or might have taken
place.
John B. Watson’s Little Albert
Experiment
► Little
rats.
Albert feared loud noises but not white
Loud noise (UCS) – fear (UCR)
Presentation of rat (NS) – no fear
Pair rat (NS) and loud noise (UCS) – fear (UCR)
After several repetitions,
the sight of the rat (CS)
produced fear (CR)
The Little Albert Experiment




Taste Aversions
► Garcia
and Koelling’s Experiment – Rats and
taste aversions
 Rats were given food, then given radiation,
which led to nausea. Then the rats would later
avoid that food.
►2
interesting findings:
 Aversion developed to only tastes (not sights or sounds)
 Even after hours had passed between presenting the CS
and the UCS the aversion still developed.
► Humans
may experience taste aversions:
 Eat food – become sick – Feel nauseas at the sight or
smell of the food.
 Sheep Coyotes and Ranchers poison in sheep carcass.
Human Taste Aversions
► “secondary
disgust”- Fudge (shape of
muffins vs. droppings)
► Favorite Soup:
stirred in a thoroughly washed used
flyswatter (82%)
brand new flyswatter (58%)
used comb that has been thoroughly
washed (76%)
served in thoroughly washed used dog bowl (71%)
Classical Conditioning facts
► People
with OCD and/or Autism are 3 times
likely to be conditioned.
► Men who saw a car with a seductive women
were more likely to rate the car as faster,
better designed and more appealing than
men who viewed the same ad without.
► Associating celebrities with products
► Taking people to lunch/dinner to make
business deals.