Transcript Document

Jean Piaget
 Cognitive psychologist who believed
that learning occurred as a function
of biological maturity meaning that
cognitive development occurs in
stages according to age.
 What is the first stage?
Sensorimotor
 The first stage of Piaget’s theory/
thoughts develop from using senses
and movement to collect information
to form thoughts (birth to 2 yrs.)
 What is the second stage?
Preoperational
 The second stage of Piaget’s theory:
thoughts develop through language
acquisition/ thought process is
illogical and egocentric (2 to 7 yrs.)
 What is the third stage?
Concrete operational
 The third stage of Piaget’s theory:
thoughts develop through the use of
logic: understands proper function of
items (7 to 11 yrs.)
 What is the fourth stage?
Formal operational
 The fourth stage of Piaget’s theory:
thoughts develop through the
understanding of abstractions (11 yrs.
to adult)
Sigmund Freud
 Psychoanalyst who theorized the
psychosexual stages of development
(oral, anal, phallic, latency, genital)
 Who remembers what the Oral Stage
is? Anal? Phallic? Latency? Genital?
 What are your feelings about this
theory?
Erik Erikson
 Developed the psychosocial theory of
development is the first theory to
explain cradle to grave development
of sense of self .
 What is the first stage?
Infancy: Birth to 18 Months
 Ego Development Outcome: Trust vs.
Mistrust
 Basic strength: Drive and Hope
 Erikson also referred to infancy as the Oral
Sensory Stage (as anyone might who
watches a baby put everything in her mouth)
where the major emphasis is on the mother's
positive and loving care for the child, with a
big emphasis on visual contact and touch.
Early Childhood: 18 Months to 3 Years
 Ego Development Outcome: Autonomy vs.
Shame
 Basic Strengths: Self-control, Courage, and
Will
 During this stage we learn to master skills for
ourselves such as walking, talking, feeding
ourselves and don’t forget toilet training!
Play Age: 3 to 5 Years
 Ego Development Outcome: Initiative vs.
Guilt
 Basic Strength: Purpose
 During this period we experience a desire to
copy the adults around us and take initiative
in creating play situations.
School Age: 6 to 12 Years
 Ego Development Outcome: Industry vs.
Inferiority
 Basic Strengths: Method and Competence
 During this stage, often called the Latency,
we are capable of learning, creating and
accomplishing numerous new skills and
knowledge, thus developing a sense of
industry.
Adolescence: 12 to 18 Years
 Ego Development Outcome: Identity vs.
Role Confusion
 Basic Strengths: Devotion and Fidelity
 Up to this stage, according to Erikson,
development mostly depends upon what is
done to us. From here on out, development
depends primarily upon what we do.
Young adulthood: 18 to 35
 Ego Development Outcome: Intimacy and
Solidarity vs. Isolation
 Basic Strengths: Affiliation and Love
 In the initial stage of being an adult we seek
one or more companions and love.
Middle Adulthood: 35 to 55 or 65
 Ego Development Outcome: Generativity
vs. Self absorption or Stagnation
 Basic Strengths: Production and Care
 Now work is most crucial. Erikson observed
that middle-age is when we tend to be
occupied with creative and meaningful work
and with issues surrounding our family.
Late Adulthood: 55 or 65 to Death
 Ego Development Outcome: Integrity vs.
Despair
 Basic Strengths: Wisdom
 Erikson felt that much of life is preparing for
the middle adulthood stage and the last
stage is recovering from it. Perhaps that is
because as older adults we can often look
back on our lives with happiness and are
content, feeling
Behaviorism
 classical and operant conditioning used to
train behavior
Albert Bandura
 Developed social learning theory -
social development occurs through
instinctual modeling of others’
behaviors .
 What famous experiment did Bandura
conduct?
Lev Vygotsky
 His sociocultural theory explains how
exposure to cultural influences helps
children to develop an understanding
of values, skills, and traditions of a
specific culture
Unit 3 Project
Review of the Strange Situation
 4-5 pages
 APA formatting, cover and reference pages
 Read the assigned article and write a review
 Agreement or disagreement with the author
 Summary of the main points and details of
the experiment
 Suggest at least 2 different interventions
Unit 6 Project
Adolescent Issues and Interventions
Select a topic:
Eating Disorders
Substance Abuse
Research the topic using primary sources
Be sure to respond to the questions listed
4-5 pages, APA formatting
Text plus 5 scholarly resources
Unit 9 Project
Formal Research Proposal
10-15 pages
Include results of 3-5 research reports