Transcript Counseling Theories

Counseling Theories
Existential philosophy
• Approach to human relationship, not a set
of techniques
• Stresses individual responsibility, choice,
freedom
• Accept your aloneness and create
meaning
• You’re the author of your life
Existential philosophy
• Self awareness
• No excuses blamed on environment
Existential
Goals
• Help client make critical
choices
• Accept
freedom/responsibility
that accompany action
• Challenge client to
recognize ways they
aren’t authentic and make
choices leading to
showing what they’re
capable of
Key concepts
• Self awareness
• Anxiety is inherent, but…
• Death The Dash
• Meaning of life
• Good for those seeking
personal growth,
especially at life
transitions
Solution Focused Brief Therapy
Philosophy
• Clients are experts in their life
• Don’t let anxiety get in the way
Brief Therapy techniques
• Miracle ?-- How would life be different if
you woke up tomorrow and you were
“fixed”?
• Look for what’s working…When was the
last time you remember getting along
w/your father? ID exceptions
• scaling
Cognitive Theory (Philosophy)
• What area of your life do you want to
improve?
• Change core beliefs
• Problem solving oriented
Cognitive Behavior Theory
Goals
• modify beliefs
• Id distorted beliefs so
client can relate to
others differently
Key concepts
• Self talk
• Assertiveness training
• Relaxation
• Social skills training
• Rate intensity of
feeling
• Depression/suicidal
scale
Family Systems Therapy
Philosophy
• Impt to deal w/all parts of system if change
is to take place
• Lots of stories and each is true, No
absolute reality so we don’t judge
• Dysfunction is w/i the system
Family Systems therapy
techniques
• Adlerian—birth order, unlock mistaken
goals so they can get to effective
parenting
• Bowen—myths , rules, multi-generational,
therapist MUST stay neutral
Behavior therapy
Philosophy
Behavior is product of learning
• Classical conditioning
• Operant conditioning
• Social learning
• Cognitive behavior
Behavior therapy
Goals
• Eliminating
maladaptive behavior
and learning a more
effective behavior
Key concepts
• Specific treatment
goals
• Any technique can be
incorporated (i.e.
assertiveness
training)
• Good for multi cultural
• flooding
Multi-modal
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B ehavior
A ffect
S ensation
I magery—memories, dreams, fantasies
C ognition—insight ideas, self-talk, values,
judgments
• I nterpersonal relationships
• D rugs/Diet
Multi modal methods
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Design interventions
Concrete/measurable goals
Role play
Data collection, feedback to change
behavior
Reality Therapy
• We choose our behavior and how we
1. ACT
2. THINK
3. FEEL
irresponsible vs. responsible
• Behaviors aimed at satisfying needs of
SURVIVAL, LOVE, BELONGING, POWER,
FREEDOM
• Accept personal responsibility
Reality therapy
Goals
• Help people find better
ways (in other words not
irresponsibly) to meet
needs for survival, love,
belonging, power,
freedom, fun
• And accept responsibility
• Making decisions, taking
action and control of
one’s own life
• Key concepts
It’s confrontational! WDEP
W wants, exploring
needs/perceptions
D direction, what r u doing,
where is it leading
E valuation, challenge
P lanning
We only control our own
behavior.
80/20
Reality Therapy
techniques
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No excuses
Brainstorm
New plan
Logical consequences
So is it or did it work?
Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy
Goals
• Challenge illogical
thinking
• Re-education
Key concepts
• + self talk
• Overgeneralization
• Distortions
• Catastrophizing
• Fortune telling
• Misused words
(SHOULD, OUGHT,
ALWAYS, NEVER)
• Don’t have to be
loved/accepted
REBT techniques
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A actual event
B belief system re: event
C consequences for that belief
D isputing the irrational belief
E ffect of Self-Talk
F eeling
Person Centered philosophy
• Belief that client can resolve their own
problems
• NO ADVICE
Person Centered therapy
Goals
• Have client teach us
about their life
• Provide a safe climate
so they can drop
pretenses
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Key concepts
Active listening
Empathy
Unconditional positive
regard for client
• Non judgmental
• Reflecting client’s
feelings
• genuineness
Gestalt philosophy
• Here and now
• Ask WHAT/HOW---not WHY?’s
• Client is active in therapy as they come to
grips with thoughts, feelings, & actions
• No interpretation, force awareness
Gestalt
Goals
• Accept what we are
or are not and
• Self awareness
Key concepts
• Confront incongruent
behaviors, thoughts,
actions
• Body lang, non-verbal
cues are key in
determining thoughts
& feelings
• Unfinished business
Gestalt techniques
“I” not
“you”
“won’t” not
“can’t”
“how, what” “why”
not
• Empty chair—role
play
• Visualization
• Fantasy
• Projection
Psycho-dynamic philosophy
• Humans can be understood by looking at
where they are going and what they are
striving toward
• YOU are in control
• Get over inferiority; strive for S-U-C-C-E-S-S
• + view of human nature
Psychodynamic (Adlerian)
Goals
• Help clients
understand why they
act like they do
• Challenge mistaken
notions and faulty
assumptions
• RCB stuff
Key concepts
• Good listening
skills/reflection
• Homework
• Birth order
• Thinking patterns
motivated by social
interest
• Early recollections
• Family constellation