Transcript Fall 2015 10-6 Chapter 7 Pt 1

 Learning
Chapter 7
 Learning
A relatively permanent behavior
change due to experience
 Learning
How do we learn?
Conditioning – the process of
learning associations
 Learning
Classical Conditioning
Classical Conditioning
 Learning
Classical Conditioning
Pavlov’s Experiments
One of Pavlov's dogs, preserved at The Pavlov
Museum Ryazan, Russia
Classical conditioning–a type of learning in which one
learns to link two or more stimuli and anticipate events.
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 Learning
Classical Conditioning
Major Phenomena
Acquisition
The initial stage of learning when a neutral stimulus is
linked to an unconditioned stimulus so that the neutral
stimulus begins triggering the conditioned response.
Acquisition
Extinction
The diminished (weakened) responding that occurs when
the conditioned stimulus no longer signals an upcoming
unconditioned stimulus
Extinction
X
Spontaneous Recovery
The reappearance of a weakened conditioned response
after a pause
Generalization
The tendency, once a
response has been
conditioned, for stimuli
similar to the conditioned
stimulus to elicit similar
responses
Discrimination
The learned ability to
discriminate between
a conditioned stimulus
and stimuli that do not
signal an unconditioned
stimulus
 Learning
Classical Conditioning
Extending Pavlov’s Understanding
Biological Predispositions
Courtesy of John Garcia
John Garcia discovered that
organisms are predisposed
to learn associations that
help them adapt and survive.
Contrary to what many
before Garcia believed,
some associations are
learned more readily than
others.
Biological Predispositions
 Learning
Classical Conditioning
Pavlov’s Legacy
Applications of Classical Conditioning
Credit: Psychonaught
Former drug users often
feel a craving when they
are again in the drug-using
context—with people or in
places they associate with
previous highs. Thus, drug
counselors advise addicts
to change environment.
Applications of Classical Conditioning
Former drug users often
feel a craving when they
are again in the drug-using
context—with people or in
places they associate with
previous highs. Thus, drug
counselors advise addicts
to change environment.
Applications of Classical Conditioning
Advertisers pair previously
neutral stimuli (brands) with
erotic images with the idea
that the brand will itself
elicit the same positive
response as the image.
Classical conditioning is the
basis of the adage that “sex
sells.”
Ad from April 1921 National Geographic
Applications of Classical Conditioning
Applications of Classical Conditioning
As demonstrated by John
Watson, emotional
responses can be
understood as developing
through classical
conditioning. Watson
conditioned an 11-month
old infant named “Little
Albert” to fear white rats.
Brown Brothers
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FMnhyGozLyE
Applications of Classical Conditioning
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FMnhyGozLyE
Acrophobia- Fear of heights.
Ophidiophobia- Fear of snakes.
Selachophobia- Fear of sharks.
Alektorophobia- Fear of chickens.
Coulrophobia- Fear of clowns.
Genuphobia- Fear of knees.
Pentheraphobia- Fear of mother-in-law.
Androphobia- Fear of men.
(Fear of Fabio- Fabiophobia.)
Peladophobia- Fear of bald people.
Applications of Classical Conditioning
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=To3jujFzwHg
Applications of Classical Conditioning
Roller coaster (CS)
Neutral
Stimulus
Prepotent
Stimulus
Unlearned
Response
Falling (UCS)
Fear (UCR)
Roller coaster (CS)
Neutral
Stimulus
Acquisition
Prepotent
Stimulus
Learned
Response
Falling (UCS)
Fear (CR)
Millennium Force (CS)
Fear (CR)
Desperado (CS)
Fear (CR)
Stimulus generalization—when a stimulus
is similar enough to the CS to elicit the CR
Fear (CR)
Stimulus discrimination—when a stimulus is
not similar enough to the CS to elicit the CR
https://picasaweb.google.com/kimberlyfenn/THEBULL?authkey=Gv1sRgCJPzju_HtYahKw&feat=email#5349131010288619042
 Learning
Next time…
Operant Conditioning