Transcript Activity Title

Name That Disorder
This activity presents case
studies in which individuals
suffer from symptoms of
psychological disorders.
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Case Study 1
Irene occasionally experiences
unpredictable episodes of intense dread,
accompanied by chest pains and a
sensation of smothering or choking. Her
symptoms have no apparent physical
cause.
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Case Study 1: DIAGNOSIS
Irene suffers from
panic disorder
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Case Study 2
Jason is so preoccupied with staying
clean that he showers as many as 10
times each day.
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Case Study 2: DIAGNOSIS
Jason suffers from
obsessive-compulsive disorder
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Case Study 3
Although she escaped from war-torn Iraq
two years ago, Lila still has detailed
haunting memories and nightmares.
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Case Study 3: DIAGNOSIS
Lila suffers from
post-traumatic stress disorder
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Case Study 4
One day Matt felt optimistic, energetic, and
on top of the world. A few days later he felt
hopeless and lethargic. He thought that
the future looked very grim.
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Case Study 4: DIAGNOSIS
Matt suffers from
bipolar disorder
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Case Study 5
Claiming that she heard a voice commanding
her to warn other people that eating is
harmful, Sandy attempts to convince other
restaurant patrons not to eat. The psychiatrist
to whom she is referred finds that Sandy’s
thinking and speech are often fragmented
and incoherent. In addition, Sandy has an
unreasonable fear that someone is “out to
get her.” Consequently, she trusts no one.
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Case Study 5: DIAGNOSIS
Sandy suffers from
paranoid schizophrenia
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Case Study 6
Bob has never been able to keep a job.
He’s been in and out of jail for charges
such as theft, sexual assault, and spousal
abuse however if you were to meet Bob he
can at times seem very charming.
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Case Study 6: DIAGNOSIS
Bob suffers from
antisocial personality disorder
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Case Study 7
Sadie is so fearful of being overwhelmed by
anxiety that she rarely steps outside her
apartment. The thought of going shopping
and getting lost in a crowd terrifies her, so
she has her groceries delivered. Because of
her fear, she earns her living as a freelance
writer and works at home.
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Case Study 7: DIAGNOSIS
Sadie suffers from
agoraphobia
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Case Study 8
For the last month Gabrielle has felt
lethargic and has been unable to get out of
bed in the morning. She has withdrawn
from friends and family because she feels
worthless and unlovable.
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Case Study 8: DIAGNOSIS
Gabrielle suffers from
major depressive disorder
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Case Study 9
Lorna’s thoughts are extremely random
and when she speaks it is often in a very
confusing manner with words out of order
and meaningless. She seems to have
totally lost touch with reality.
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Case Study 9: DIAGNOSIS
Lorna suffers from
Disorganized Schizophrenia
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Case Study 10
Bob has an irrational fear of feathers.
Whenever he sees one he shakes and
cries and looks for a way to escape. As a
result he avoids any place where he might
see a feather on the ground.
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Case Study 10: DIAGNOSIS
Bob suffers from
Phobia
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Case Study 11
After the death of his wife from cancer,
Robert wakes up one day thinking he is a
different person, moves to another state
and starts a new life.
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Case Study 11: DIAGNOSIS
Robert suffers from
Dissociative Fugue
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Case Study 12
Richard loses the ability to use his left
hand. Doctors can find no physical cause
for this.
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Case Study 12: DIAGNOSIS
Richard suffers from
Conversion Disorder
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Case Study 13
Jordan constantly worries over his work,
relationships and finances for no particular
reason. This has been lasting for more
than 6 months.
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Case Study 13: DIAGNOSIS
Jordan suffers from
Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)
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Case Study 14
Daniel has a cough that he is convinced
means he is suffering from Tuberculosis.
He also has an upset stomach which he
feels is probably a sign of stomach cancer.
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Case Study 14: DIAGNOSIS
Daniel suffers from
Hypochondriasis
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Case Study 15
James stares off into the distance and
rarely moves his body. At times he
suddenly becomes agitated and then
resumes standing in uncomfortable
positions for long periods of time.
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Case Study 15: DIAGNOSIS
James suffers from
Catatonic Schizophrenia
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Case Study 16
Harold really wants to have a relationship
with another person but he is so scared
that he may say or do something
embarrassing that he retreats from social
contact. Harold is extremely shy.
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Case Study 16: DIAGNOSIS
Harold suffers from
Avoidant Personality Disorder
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Case Study 17
Julie has no interest in having
relationships with other people. She
seems to lack emotion when it comes to
other people. She considers herself a
loner and has few friends.
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Case Study 17: DIAGNOSIS
Julie suffers from
Schizoid Personality Disorder
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Case Study 18
Jan is extremely distrustful and suspicious
of others and constantly thinks that people
are “out to get her.” She sees people’s
behaviors as threatening even when they
obviously are not. She does however
have a good understanding of reality and
does not have hallucinations.
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Case Study 18: DIAGNOSIS
Jan suffers from
Paranoid Personality Disorder
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Case Study 19
Following a horrible light saber fight with
his recently revealed father, Luke cannot
remember the fight or the fact that his
father revealed himself to be the evil Darth
Vader.
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Case Study 19: DIAGNOSIS
Luke suffers from
Dissociative Amnesia
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Case Study 20
While Jimmy was being severely abused
as a child he would pretend to be another
person. Later, as an adult Jimmy switches
back and forth between different
personalities whenever he is under severe
stress.
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Case Study 20: DIAGNOSIS
Jimmy suffers from
Dissociative Identity Disorder
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Case Study 21
While waiting for the ambulance to arrive
after his car crash, Tim feels as if he is
having an out of body experience and
observing the entire accident scene from
above. Afterwards he finds himself doing
this whenever he is under great stress.
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Case Study 21: DIAGNOSIS
Tim suffers from
Depersonalization Disorder
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Causes of Disorder
Tell which school of psychology would
agree with the following descriptions
Biology – Learning/Behavioral –
Cognitive - Psychoanalytic
Causes
This perspective would say that disorders
are caused by some sort of chemical
imbalance in the brain or a genetic flaw.
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Causes Answer
Biological
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Causes
Disorders are caused by hidden urges or
anxiety in the unconsciousness usually
caused by childhood issues.
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Causes Answer
Psychoanalytic
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Causes
Disorders are the result of a child
observing a disordered role model behave
and then copying those behaviors.
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Causes Answer
Learning/Behavioral –
Observational Learning
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Causes
This perspective says that abnormal
behavior is rewarded or reinforced making
the person more likely to do it in the future.
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Causes Answer
Learning/Behavior – Operant
Conditioning
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Causes
This perspective blames a person’s
irrational thoughts and beliefs as the
reason for their disorder. People’s
thoughts are causing them to misread
situations.
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Causes Answer
Cognitive
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Causes
This explanation says that something that
was previously neutral (car) can become
something you are scared of if it is paired
with something (accident) that causes fear.
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Causes Answer
Learning/Behavior –
Classical Conditioning
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TREATMENT
Which treatment is being
described?
Biomedical – Behaviorist –
Cognitive – Psychoanalysis Humanistic
Treatment
This treatment would traditionally treat
someone with a drug to help them with a
neurotransmitter deficiency or over
abundance.
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Treatment Answer
Biomedical
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Treatment
This treatment uses unconditional positive
regard, active listening and empathy to
help create an environment where the
patient will be able to understand
themselves better and use this to make
better decisions in the future.
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Treatment Answer
Humanistic
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Treatment
This Treatment would be when a therapist
would challenge a client’s irrational beliefs
or thoughts and help the client to first
recognize and then change these to be
more realistic and less harmful.
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Treatment Answer
Cognitive
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Treatment
This treatment would use
electroconvulsive therapy for treatment of
severely depressed and suicidal patients.
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Treatment Answer
Biomedical
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Treatment
This treatment would use free association,
dream analysis and hypnosis in an effort
to get the client to transfer their
unconscious conflicts onto the therapist
where they can then be worked out.
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Treatment Answer
Psychoanalytic
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Treatment
This treatment aims to teach the client a
new behavior using modeling techniques,
progressive relaxation and visualization,
reinforcement and counter conditioning.
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Treatment Answer
Behavioral
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Defining Terms
How do we define “abnormal behavior”?
–Typicality
–Maladaptive
–Emotional Discomfort
–Socially Unacceptable Behavior
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Defining Terms
What is the DSM-IV and how is it used?
Diagnostic Statistical Manual used for
categorizing and diagnosing mental disorders.
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A Concluding Thought
A medical model is when a disease has
physical causes that can be diagnosed,
treated, and, in most cases, cured.
With psychological disorders, the medical
model assumes that these mental
illnesses can be diagnosed on the basis of
their symptoms and cured through therapy,
which may include treatment in a
psychiatric hospital.
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Consider This…
How do we define “abnormal behavior”?
Why are personality disorders different
from the other “common” psychological
disorders?
Can you truly make a diagnoses based on
short descriptions such as these?
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