Transcript File - Mr Addington

Religion
Religious Demographics
&
Where are religions distributed?
In the Beginning…
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Do you have a set of beliefs?
Can you explain your beliefs to someone else?
How do your beliefs influence the way you live?
Does anyone you know have the same or similar beliefs?
How would you define religion?
• "essentially all the world's major religions were
founded on the principle that divine beings or forces
can promise a level of justice in a supernatural
realm that cannot be perceived in this natural one.“
– Greg Epstien – Humanist Chaplain @ Harvard University
• Religion is a collection of cultural systems, belief
systems, and worldviews that relate humanity and
spirituality, sometimes, to moral values.
• Many religions have narratives, symbols, traditions
and sacred histories that are intended to give meaning
to life or to explain the origin of life or the universe.
• They tend to derive morality, ethics, religious laws or a
preferred lifestyle from their ideas about the cosmos
and human nature.
Religion is hard to define….
A few definitions…
• Theism, in the broadest sense, is the belief that at
least one deity exists.
• Atheism is the belief in no god / rejection of deities
• Monotheism is the belief in the existence of one
and only one god.
• Polytheism is the belief of multiple deities.
Isms… The Most Common
Typical
vs.
Atypical
Something to Remember…
The Major World Religions
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Christianity (2.2 B)
Islam (1.6 B)
Hinduism (1 B)
Buddhism (500 M)
Sikhism (25 M)
Judaism (14 M)
Secular/Athiest/Agnostic
– 1.1 Billion
Two Types of Religions
1. Universalizing religions- attempt to be global by
appealing to all people regardless of location or
culture.
– 58 percent of world’s population practices a universalizing
religion.
• Christianity: 2.1 billion Christians
• Islam: 1.5 billion Muslims
• Buddhism: 376 million Buddhists
2. Ethnic religions- appeal primarily to one group of
people living in one place.
– 26 percent of world’s population practices an ethnic religion
Origins of Religions
• Universalizing regions have precise places of origin.
– Often based on events in the life of an influential man.
• Ethnic religions not tied to single historical
individual; often have unclear or unknown origins.
Religion
Buddhism
Christianity
Islam
Founded
~2500 Years
~2000 Years
~1500 Years
Founder
Siddhartha
Gautama
Teachings of
Jesus of Naz.
Prophet
Muhammad
Origin
India
Palestine
Mecca (SA)
Pew Research - The Global Religious Landscape
BVW Guide to Marking the Text
Action
Part of text
Purpose
Box author
and date
Source Line
Will the origin of this document help you as you read
and analyze?
Can you use the date to put the text into historical
context?
Number paragraphs
or chunks
Paragraphs/
Segments
Break document into chunks, paragraphs, indentations,
etc. depending upon the source.
Bracket author’s thesis or
claim
Claim/Thesis
This is the author’s overall claim and what they aim to
prove.
Underline reasons
Reasons/
Justification
When the author gives a justification that proves their
thesis, underline the phrase/sentence.
Circle evidence
Specific pieces of
evidence/facts
When the author gives a specific piece of evidence or fact
circle it.
• Mark the Text
– This is demographic data… will the author make a claim? Multiple claims? What
is a claim?
• Answer the 7 questions at the end
– Put your responses in your notes and be ready to discuss them as a class
Diffusion of Religion
• Asia is home to each
hearth for Christianity,
Islam, and Buddhism.
• Followers transmitted the
messages preached in the
hearths to people
elsewhere.
• Each of the three main
universalizing religions
has a distinct diffusion
pattern.
• Hierarchical Diffusion
– Emperor Constantine helped
diffuse the religion throughout
the Roman Empire by embracing
Christianity.
• Relocation Diffusion
– Missionaries, individuals who
help transmit a religion through
relocation diffusion, initially
diffused the religion along
protected sea routes and the
excellent Roman roads.
– Migration and missionary activity
by Europeans since 1500 have
extended Christianity all over the
world.
• Permanent resettlement in the
Americas, Australia, and New
Zealand
Diffusion of
Christianity
• Muhammad’s successors organized followers into armies and
led a conquest to spread the religion over an extensive area
of…
– Africa
– Asia
– Europe
• Relocation diffusion of missionaries to portions of subSaharan Africa and Southeast Asia transmitted the religion
well beyond its hearth.
Diffusion of
Islam
• Diffused relatively slowly from
its origin in northeastern
India.
• Emperor Ashoka accredited
with much of its diffusion
throughout the Magadhan
Empire (273 to 232 B.C.).
Diffusion of
Buddhism
– Missionaries sent to territories
neighboring the empire.
• Buddhism introduced to China
along trade routes in the first
century A.D.
Diffusion of Ethnic Religion
• Diffusion to new places is possible, if adherents migrate for economic gains and are
not forced to adopt a strongly entrenched universalizing religion.
An Intro to the 6 Major Religions
• You will select one of the packets and its fact sheet.
– Packets come from the Australian Office of Multicultural Affairs
• It may be in your best interest to make sure the
individuals you study with choose different
religions.
• You will complete the fact sheet using the packet
and ONLY the following
– http://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/
– http://www.Faithology.com
Branches of Universalizing Religions
• Three principal universalizing religions divided
into branches, denominations, and sects.
– A branch is a large and fundamental division
within a religion.
– A denomination is a division of a branch that
unites a number of local congregations in a single
legal and administrative body.
– A sect is a relatively small group that has broken
away from an established denomination.
Branches of Christianity in Europe
• Three major branches include…
1. Roman Catholic (51 percent of the world’s Christians)
2. Protestant (24 percent of the world’s Christians)
3. Orthodox (11 percent of the world’s Christians)
• Distributions
– Roman Catholicism dominant branch in southwestern and
eastern Europe.
– Protestantism dominant branch in northwestern Europe.
– Orthodoxy dominant branch in eastern and southeastern
Europe.
Branches of Christianity in the West
– 93 percent of Christians in Latin America are
Roman Catholic.
• 40 percent in North America
– Protestant churches have approximately 82
million members in the United States.
• Baptist church has largest number of adherents (37
million).
Guess
Christianity
• Foundations of Christianity
– One God
– The Bible- Old Testament & New Testament
– Jesus Christ- Son of God
• Key Concepts
– Trinity (Father, Son, Holy Spirit)
– Sacraments
– Divided amongst many denominations
• Catholic, Orthodox, Protestant (Subdivisions here)
Branches of Islam
• Two major branches include…
1. Sunni
• Largest branch in most Muslim
countries in Southwest Asia and
North Africa
• 83 percent of all Muslims
2. Shiite
• Greatly concentrated in the Middle
Eastern countries of Iran, Azerbaijan,
Iraq, Oman, and Bahrain
• 16 percent of all Muslims
Islam
• Foundations of Islam
– One God or Allah(Arabic)
– The Qu’ran or Koran
– Muhammad- The prophet that documented revelations
• Key Concepts– Five Pillars of Islam
• Faith or belief in the Oneness of God and the finality of the prophet of
Muhammad
• Establishment of the daily prayers
• Concern for and almsgiving to the needy
• Self-purification through fasting
• The pilgrimage to Mecca for those who are able
Branches of Buddhism
• Three major branches include…
1. Mahayana
• 56 percent of Buddhists
• Located primarily in China, Japan,
and Korea
2. Theravada
• 38 percent of Buddhists
• Located primarily in Cambodia, Laos,
Myanmar, Sri Lanka, and Thailand
3. Vajrayana
• 6 percent of Buddhists
• Located primarily in Tibet and
Mongolia.
Buddhism
• The foundations: The 3 Jewels of Buddhism
– Buddha- The first to achieve nirvana.
– The Dharma (the teachings)
– The Sangha (the community)
• Key Concepts
– Karma
– Rebirth
– Nirvana
– Nobel 8-Fold Path
Ethnic Religion- Hinduism
• Often remain within the
culture where they originated.
• Typically have relatively more
clustered distributions than do
universalizing religions.
• Ethnic religion with largest
number of followers is
Hinduism.
– 900 million adherents
• Nearly all concentrated in India
and Nepal
Hinduism
• Foundations of Hinduism
– The Vedas – Religious Texts
• Upanishads
• Bhagavad Gita
– Brahman – the infinite which is the Divine Ground of all matter, energy, time,
space, being, and everything beyond in this Universe.
– The five deities- Shiva, Vishnu, Devi, Surya, Ganesha (Polytheistic?)
• Devas & Avatars- Depictions of the deities
• Key Concepts
– Yoga
– Karma
– Societal Norms (Daily morality, marriage customs, pilgrimage)
Ethnic Religion- Judaism
First recorded religion to
espouse monotheism, belief
that there is only one God.
– Contrasts polytheism- the
worship of a collection of
gods.
• Distribution
– 2/5 live in the United
States
– 2/5 live in Israel.
• The Abrahamic Faiths
– Judaism, Christianity, Islam
Judaism
• Foundations of Judaism
– One God
– The Tenakh (Torah, Kethuvim, and Nevi’im)
– The Shabbatt (Jewish Holy Day)
• Key Concepts
– 13 Principles of Faith: Maimonides’
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I believe with perfect faith that the Creator, Blessed be His Name, is the Creator and Guide of everything that has been created; He alone has made,
does make, and will make all things.
I believe with perfect faith that the Creator, Blessed be His Name, is One, and that there is no unity in any manner like His, and that He alone is our
God, who was, and is, and will be.
I believe with perfect faith that the Creator, Blessed be His Name, has no body, and that He is free from all the properties of matter, and that there can
be no (physical) comparison to Him whatsoever.
I believe with perfect faith that the Creator, Blessed be His Name, is the first and the last.
I believe with perfect faith that to the Creator, Blessed be His Name, and to Him alone, it is right to pray, and that it is not right to pray to any being
besides Him.
I believe with perfect faith that all the words of the prophets are true.
I believe with perfect faith that the prophecy of Moses our teacher, peace be upon him, was true, and that he was the chief of the prophets, both those
who preceded him and those who followed him.
I believe with perfect faith that the entire Torah that is now in our possession is the same that was given to Moses our teacher, peace be upon him.
I believe with perfect faith that this Torah will not be exchanged, and that there will never be any other Torah from the Creator, Blessed be His Name.
I believe with perfect faith that the Creator, Blessed be His Name, knows all the deeds of human beings and all their thoughts, as it is written, "Who
fashioned the hearts of them all, Who comprehends all their actions" (Psalms 33:15).
I believe with perfect faith that the Creator, Blessed be His Name, rewards those who keep His commandments and punishes those that transgress
them.
I believe with perfect faith in the coming of the Messiah; and even though he may tarry, nonetheless, I wait every day for his coming.
I believe with perfect faith that there will be a revival of the dead at the time when it shall please the Creator, Blessed be His name, and His mention
shall be exalted for ever and ever
Ethnic Religion- Sikhism
• Sikh Diaspora – Leaving Punjab
Sikhism
Universalizing
• Foundations of SIkhism
– One God
– Principle of equality of all humans
• Rejects discrimination on the basis of caste, creed, and gender.
– Gurdwara (Place of Worship)
– Guru Granth Sahib (Religious Text)
• Key Concepts
– The Five K’s
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Kara- Iron or Steel Bracelet
Kangha- Comb to keep hair clean and tidy
Kesh- Uncut Hair
Kachera- Undershorts/pants/britches
Kirpan- Symbolic Sword
Ted-Ed – Major World Religions
Starting to Study…
• How can I ever know
enough?
– You Can’t
• Read your book and a
review guide(s)
• VOCAB, VOCAB, VOCAB
• Become a global citizen
– Watch the news, watch
documentaries, find
answers to the questions
you have…