Transcript Major World Religions

Major World
Religions
SOL WHII.15
Warm-up:
How have the five world
religions had a profound
impact on culture and
civilization?
What are some characteristics of the five major
world religions?
Monotheism
 Belief
in only one God
 Three monotheistic religions
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Judaism
Christianity
Islam
JUDAISM
 Semitic
Religion
 Based on the history of Hebrews (who
were an ethnic group from the Fertile
Crescent)
 Hebrew God=Yaweh
 Holy Text=Torah
JUDAISM HISTORY
 Hebrews
originated in Mesopotamia
around the Fertile Crescent
 Abraham—covenant with God
 From there they went to Canaan or
Palestine
 Forced to Egypt—enslaved
 Moses leads from slavery
 Return to Palestine (present day Israel)–
believe God promised land to them
 David was king who united Hebrew tribes
JUDAISM-BELIEFS
 Hebrew
beliefs=religion of Judaism
 Monotheistic
 Basis=laws that governed daily life
 Ten Commandments
 Rabbis
 Diaspora
JEWISH INFORMATION
 Belief
in the messiah
 Mitzvoth
 Branches of Judaism
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Orthodox
Conservative
JEWISH RITUALS
 Circumcision
 Bar/Bat
mitzvah
 Death=usually no cremation or
embalming
 Funeral w/in 1-2 days in wooden casket
 Kippah or Yamekah
JEWISH HOLIDAYS
 Chanukah
 Rosh
Hashanah
 Yom Kippur
 Passover
Where in the world can we find
Judaism?
 Concentrated
in Israel, Europe, North
America and the Middle East
CHRISTIANITY HISTORY
 Emerged
from the Roman Empire
 Emerged as a result of Jesus (Son of God)
 Life of Jesus=Gospels (1st 4 books of New
Testament)
 Christianity began as a sect of Judaism
CHRISTIANITY--Jesus
 Jesus-the
messiah
 Disciples
 Moved
to Jerusalem
Similarities/Differences in Jesus’
teaching and Judaism
SIMILARITIES
 Monotheistic
 Ten
Commandments
 Laws of Moses
DIFFERENCES
 Jesus is the Son of
God
 Jesus is the Messiah
 Jesus could provide
salvation and eternal
life for believers
 Preached
forgiveness
 Christians belief in
Trinity
JESUS’ LIFE
 Feared
by Jewish priests
 Feared by Roman leaders
 Betrayed by a disciple
 Arrested by Romans
 Tried by Pontius Pilate
 Condemned and Executed by Crucifixion
 Paul—spread Christianity
Where in the world can we find
Christianity?
 Concentrated
East
in Europe and the Middle
Warm-up:
 Why
are the cities of Mecca and Medina
important to Muslims?
ISLAM
 Arabian
Peninsula-major trade route
 Mecca—market and location of the
Kaa’ba
 Monotheistic Religion
 Medina
Muhammad’s Life
 Successful
merchant
 Married Kadejah/raised by an uncle
 At 40-met angel Gabriel in a cave while
meditating
 Was told to spread the word of God or
Allah
 Islam—submission
 Muhammad and followers were forced to
leave Mecca
Muhammad’s Life (cont.)
 In
622, journey to Medina—hijra
 1st year of Muslim calendar
 In 630,returned to Mecca—destroyed
statues in kaa’ba
 Spread by caliphs
Religious Principles
 Monotheistic
religion
 God is called Allah
 Holy Book=Koran (Quran)
 Judgment Day
 Five Pillars
 Jihad
 Harsh penalties for crimes
 No pork or alcohol
Five Pillars
 1.
Declaration of Faith
 2. Daily Prayer
 3. Alms
 4. Fasting
 5. Hajj
DIFFERENT SECTS
 Sunni
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Muslims
Largest group
Traditional path
Islamic leader DOES NOT need to be a
direct descendant of Muhammad
Elect caliphs based on ability
Entire Islamic community to be judged on
the Day of Judgment
DIFFERENT SECTS
 Shi’ite
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
Muslims
Believe that only descendants of Ali should
lead Islam
Believe that the Imam is the only person
that can guide a Muslim to salvation
RITUALS AND RITES OF PASSAGE
 Celebration
of birth
 Men and women usually do not mingle
together
 Polygamy—up to 4 wives
 Death is marked by simplicity
Where in the world can we find
Islam?
 Located
in parts of Asia, Africa, and
southern Europe
What are the Five Pillars of
Islam?
Monotheistic Religions
Monotheistic Religions
HINDUISM
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No single founder
No single text
Religion based on compilation of many
beliefs and many people
Hundreds of gods and goddesses—Many
forms of one deity (God)
Numerous ways to worship
BASIC BELIEFS
 Polytheistic
(some consider it
monotheistic?)
 Important gods: Brahma, Vishnu, Shiva
 Gods can be in human or animal form
 Believe in atman
 Ultimate goal is to reach moksha
 Reincarnation
 Dharma—duties Karma—Knowledge that
all thoughts and actions result in future
consequences
 All life is ranked
CASTE SYSTEM
 1.
Brahmans
 2. Kastriyas
 3. Vaisyas
 4. Sudras
 5. Untouchables
Principles of Hinduism
 Vedas and Upanishads
 Nonviolent
 Cleanliness/ritual bathing
(Ganges
River)
 Pilgrimage
 Name ceremony for new baby
 Ear piercing ceremony
 Hair cut
 Rite of passage ceremony
 Marriages are arranged
 Cremation at death
Where in the world can we find
Hinduism?
 Located
Asia
in India and part of Southeast
Buddhism
 Grew
out of Hinduism—spread of
Buddhism from India to China as a result
of Asoka’s missionaries and their writings
 Founder = Siddartha Gautama
 Gautama was a Prince
 Sheltered in a castle—in luxury
 He left the castle and saw suffering
 Meditated beneath a fig tree (48 days)
 Realized causes of suffering—became
known as Buddha-”Enlightened One”
Buddhism
4
Noble Truths
 Eightfold Path
 Nirvana
 Reincarnation
Similarities and Differences of
Buddhism to Hinduism
 Similarities
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Honesty
Charity
Kindness
Nonviolence
 Differences
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No formal rituals
No polytheism
No god
Just a spirit of the
universe
Buddhism
 Followers
established
monasteries/convents
 Birth ceremony
 Dalai Lama—most sacred religious leader
within Buddhism
Where in the world can we find
Buddhism?
 Located
(China)
in East and Southeast Asia
Hinduism/Buddhism
Create a Map
 Using
the map provided please identify
the world religions
 Color code your map using colored
pencils
Location of the World’s Major
Religions