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A-M-I Civilizaciones Popol Vuh El libro: http://library.osu.edu/sites/popolwuj/folios_esp/PWfol io_i_r_es.php -1era. parte (hasta 3.14 x la creación): http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bhG3DfqP3RA&fea ture=related Kukulcán Quetzalcóatl (Maya) Gukumatz Chichén Itzá : Pirámide de Kukulcán (mayas itzáes) Chac Mool TIMELINE • ~20K BC Asians cross the Bering Strait into the Americas: first humans in America 4000 BC Cultivation of maize begins in Mexico 300 BC Beginning of Teotihuacan civilization in the Valley of Mexico 200 AD Beginning of Classical Mexican civilizations (until 750): Teotihuacan in the Valley of Mexico, Monte Alban in Oaxaca 300 Beginning of Classical Mayan civilization on the Yucatan Peninsula (to 900); Mayans invent paper, the solar calendar, the place system, and writing 600 Huari and Tiahuanaco peoples in the Andes 950 Beginning of the Toltec civilization in Tula, Mexico; invade the Mayan city of Chichen Itza 1325 Aztec capital Tenochtitlán founded (what is now Mexico City) 1350 Beginning of Inca Empire in Peru (until 1533) 1428 Beginning of great Aztec conquests (until 1519) 1519 Defeat of Aztec Empire by Cortes 1533 Defeat of Inca Empire by Pizarro México RELIGION-Maya Mayan religion grew primarily out of the milpas agriculture which required accurate predictions of time and the cycles of life in the rain-forest. There is one overwhelming aspect to Mayan religion: it is based on relating humanity to the cycles of the universe. The universe functions in a logical, cyclical, and predictable way; human beings can exploit that cyclical nature by setting themselves to these cycles. Religion-Maya (2) The Mayas believed that the world had been created five times and destroyed four times; this eschatology became the fundamental basis of Mesoamerican religion from 900 AD onwards when it was adopted by the Toltecs. Most of the Mayan gods were reptilian and they all had dual aspects, that is, each god had a benevolent aspect and a malevolent aspect. The Mayas believed in an elaborate afterlife, but heaven was reserved for those who had been hanged, sacrificed, or died in childbirth