Transcript Native American`s

Unit 1 – Native
Americans
Crossing the Land Bridge
The Bering Strait
The first American Indians
came from Asia to No.
America between 11-12,000
years ago via a land bridge
over the Bering Straits
The Gap Today
Video
1.) Asian-American Land Bridge
.47 min
2.) Pre Historic People in North
America 40 000 years ago
1.43 mins
3.) Extreme Engineering Bridging the Bering Strait
10.04 min
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a1n47P2
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http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mmbU7
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http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tewrTwjcmI
Video Notes: Page 3 – in your binder
For the 2 Video Clips List:
• 1.) 3 important facts/events that I would like to
discuss
• 2.) 2 Questions I have about the film
• 3.) Why is this event important to the history of the
United States?
Civilization
Complex cultures existing of 5
features:
G – Government
R – Religion
E – Economy
A – Ability to communicate
T – Technology
S – Social Structure
Why did Native American’s settle in different
parts of North America?
Many Native Americans lived as hunter-gatherer societies and told their
histories by oral traditions.
The indigenous cultures (Native American’s) agrarian (Farming),
Vs
Proto-industrial, mostly Christian immigrants from western Eurasia.
Why did Native American’s settle in different
parts of North America?
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dPzeY9itf
LE
Buffalo Hunt
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZkDqzp
Nsg6U
Dances with Wolves – Buffalo Slaughter
Ponder this…..
• How did the geographic location of these early
American cultural groups help shape the way they
lived. Use specific examples from all 3 categories.
• Mesoamerica… South America… Central America
Aztec’s
Inca’s
Maya’s
All Advanced Civilizations – Even before
Columbus arrived!
Meso-America
Mayans: 250-BC – 900 AD
Green
Aztecs: 1400-1521 – Red
Incas: 1438 – 1535 - Orange
The Aztec Empire
Geography
Contributions
Social
Structure
Religion
Geography
Contributions
Aztecs
Social Structure/Economy
Religion
Geography
Valley of Mexico
Came from the north (caves)
Wandered for 100s of years
Island of Tenochtitlan
Contributions
Codex – Writing/Records
Tributes/Myths/Legends
Chinampa’s, Causeways,
Roads, and bridges
Aztecs
Social Structure/Economy
Emperor- Montezuma
Skilled Warriors,
Noble Blood and War Heros
got to wear nice clothing
Market: Corn, Fish, Nuts
Merchants
Religion
God “Humming bird on the
left: Sign of eagle eating fruit
From the cactus plant
Human Sacrifices/Temples
5th Sun – Universe
Geography of the
Aztec Civilization
Central America
Trade
The Calendar
Contributions of
the Aztecs
Farming
Medicine
The Aztecs used two different
calendars
1.)Measured time - Crops
365 days – 18 months
2.) Religious Festivals - when
to consult the gods.
Aztec doctors used many herbal remedies
both to cure and prevent illness. Aztec
doctors understood a great deal about the
human body. There were plenty of bodies to
practice on with all the wars and sacrifices.
They knew cures for all sorts of things:
• Fevers = take regular steam baths.
• Earaches = put liquid rubber in their ears.
• Broken legs = tied splints to the leg
• Cut Legs = sprinkled ground-up obsidian
glass on the wound
• Colds = put a drop of collected dew (from
the fields) into each nostril twice a day.
Farming
• Tenochtitlan was built on an island in the middle
of Lake Texcoco.
• The Aztecs didn't have any farmland, so they
devised a way to create their own farmland.
•The Aztecs wove giant reed mats and placed them on top
of the water. They made a fence around the mat and placed
mud, silt, and rotten vegetables on it.
•The willow trees grew very quickly
and their roots bound the soil to keep
it from washing away.
•The Aztecs planted corn, tomatoes,
potatoes, chili peppers, and squash.
•The plants' roots would grow to the bottom
of the lake so they would have an endless
supply of water.
• Aztec merchants were the ones that brought
in so many marvelous things to the Tlatelolco
Market.
•Some common items being golden jewelry,
feather caps, tortoise shell cups, spices, and
cocoa beans.
• Merchant life was hard and very dangerous
when traveling long distances and visiting
foreign places, so they kept to themselves.
Emperor
Priests/Military
Leaders/Gov’t
Officials
Commoners
(Owned Land)
Slaves
(Captives)
Artisans, Farmers,
Soldiers, Merchants
Incas….
Human and
Physical
Geography
South America
What
geographic
features
influenced
the
development
of the Incas?
Road Systems
• 14,000- miles long; showed power of the Incan State
• Chasiques- trained runners traveled the roads w/
messages from one end of the empire to the other
• Easier movement of troops to bring control to zones
where trouble might be brewing
• Greatest works: palaces, irrigation canals, and other
public works
• Along roads, Incas built guest house to provide shelter
for weary travelers.
Physical Geography
• Set in the Andes Mountains
• Settled on the fertile lands on the Valley of Cuzo
• By 1500 empire stretched 2500 miles along the
western coast of South America from the Equator
to Argentina in the south
• Land included about 80 provinces and as many as 16
million people
• To control the huge empires the rulers divided the
territory and its people into manageable units.
State Controlled Economy
•The Incas were separated into upper and lower regions with each
producing goods the other could not.
• There was little private trade allowed by the Incan
government.
• Early socialism: people worked for the state and were
cared for by the government. This included the disabled.
• Land was divided three ways: State, Religious, Community
• Agricultural advancements were made, such as improved
irrigation.
Religion
• They made sacrifices towards the Gods, but most
importantly the Sun God Huitzililopochtli
• There were hundreds of temples and religious
structures dedicated to the gods.
• The Incan religion practice centered on elaborate
public ceremonies to communicate with the gods
and win their favor.
•Religion was often combined with state rule.
•Much art was focused on the Gods
Organization by Government
•
Ayllu was a small group dedicated to bettering farming
communication, and agricultural needs.
• Groups divided into 10, 100, 1000, 10,000 and a chief led these
groups.
• Mita was a labor tribute required of all able bodied citizens at
least a few days a year.
• Roads made it easy to communicate and travel, so this enabled
great organization in government.
• Incan state controlled economic activity and regulated trade of
goods.
Mayas (300 A.D.-900)
Mayas (300 A.D.-900)
• Southern Mexico to Central America
• Picture system of writing
• Farmers paid taxes in form of food to support
cities & temples
• Profitable trade system
• Social structure
• City with own ruling chief
• nobles
Chichén Itzá
Let’s Head Back Up To North America
New York State History
The Iroquois Confederacy
The League of 5 Nations
The
Iroquois
Confederacy
How did the
geographic
features on your
NYS map help
these nations
decide where
they were going
to settle?
“My children, listen well. Remember that
you are brothers, that the downfall of one
means the downfall of all. You must have one
fire, one pipe, one war club.”
— from Hiawatha the Unifier (come together)
Tribes
Mohawk – Albany – Utica
Oneida – Utica – Syracuse
Onondaga – Syracuse
Cayuga – Syracuse – Rochester
Seneca – Rochester – Buffalo
Tuscarora – 1720’s – Niagara Falls
Tuscarora
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1. What is the fence used for by the Iroquois people?
2. What type of houses did they live in and what does that say about
their family structure?
Longhouses
1.)Fence for
Protection
2.)Lived in Groups
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee)
History
•They call themselves Haudenosaunee or
“People of the Longhouse” – made of wood and
bark
•Each tribe operated separately, however they
met once a year to discuss common problems
•Shared a common culture, but lived in different
geographic locations.
The Iroquois Tribe – Upstate New York
• Music
The Saratoga Native American Festival
When:
Where: Saratoga Performing Arts Center, 108
Avenue of the Pines, Saratoga Springs NY
Cost: $12 Adults / $10 Seniors / $5 Children 6-12
/ Children under 5 free
The Saratoga Native American Festival will take
place September 29 & 30, 2012 on the SPAC
grounds. The festival will offer Native American
crafters and vendors, dancers, drum groups,
storytellers and more!
This years festival will focus on the Nations of the
Northeast.
For More Information Call: (518) 583-1440
Pictures and Video
Video
Test Review
•Primary vs Secondary Sources
•Geography from Topic 1
•Vocabulary – Topic 2
•The Land Bridge to the America’s
•Cultural Region’s Chart (History Alive)
•Aztec’s, Inca’s and Maya’s (Location,
Similarities/Differences, how they adapted to
their environment)
•The Iroquois – Confederacy (Longhouses)