Transcript Aztec, Mayan and Inca PPT

Olmec Civilization
History –
Patterns of Civilization book
Use the World
(the one with the Taj Mahal on the cover)
Read Chapter 9 Sections 2 &3
Do Skillbuilders pp.241, 247, 248
P. 250 Terms and Names 3-8
Main Idea Questions 12-18
Characteristics of a Civilization
 Intensive agricultural techniques
 Specialization of labor
 Cities
 A social hierarchy
 Organized religion and education
 Development of complex forms of economic exchange
 Development of
new technologies
 Advanced
development of
the arts.
(This can include
writing.)
Early Human Migrations
Sculpture from the Americas
Origins of the
Peoples of the Americas?
Major Pre-Columbian Civilizations
Lands of the Mayans
The Yucatan
Peninsula
Chichen-Itza - Pyramid
Chichen-Itza - Observatory
Chichen-Itza - Ball Court
Olmec Influence on the Mayans
Maize
Ceremonial centers with temple pyramids
Calendar based on the Olmec one
Ball games
Rituals involving human sacrifice
Agriculture
Maize
Cacao
Agriculture
 Soil in Mesoamerican
lowlands was thin and
quickly lost fertility
– Mayans built terraces to
retain the silt and
therefore greatly improved
agricultural production
 Raised maize, cotton, and
cacao
– Cacao was a precious
commodity consumed
mostly by nobles and even
used as money
Cacao tree
Mayan Cultivation
of Maize
Chac, God of Rain 
Mayan Underground Granaries:
Chultunes
Cities: Tikal
 From about 300 to 900, the Maya built more than eight large
ceremonial centers
– All had pyramids, palaces, and temples
 Some of the larger ones attracted dense populations and evolved into
genuine cities
– The most important was Tikal
– Small city-kingdoms served as the means of Mayan political
organization
Overview of Tikal (Guatemala)
Temple of the Masks
Tikal Jungle View at Sunset
Tikal - Main Court
Tikal
Tikal was the most important Mayan
political center between the 4th and 9th
Centuries
– Reached its peak between 600 and 800 with
a population of nearly 40,000
The Temple of the Jaguar dominated the
skyline and represented Tikal’s control
over the surrounding region which had a
population of about 500,000
Temple of the Jaguar
 154 feet high
 Served as
funerary
pyramid for
Lord Cacao,
Maya ruler of
the late 6th and
early 7th
centuries
Tikal:
Temple of
the Masks
Tikal - Wall Mask of the Rain God
Mayan Glyphs
sky
king
house
Mayan
Mathematics
child
city
Mayan Glyphs
Mayan Codex
Maya codices (singular codex) are folding
books stemming from the pre-Columbian
Maya civilization, written in Maya
hieroglyphic script on Mesoamerican paper,
made from the inner bark of certain trees, the
main being the wild fig tree or Amate
Paper, generally known by the Nahuatl word
amatl, was named by the Mayas huun. The
folding books are the products of
professional scribes working under the
patronage of the Howler Monkey Gods.
The Maya developed their huun-paper
around the 5th century, the same era that the
Romans did, but their paper was more
durable and a better writing surface than
papyrus.
The codices have been named for the cities
in which they eventually settled. The
Dresden codex is generally considered the
most important of the few that survive.
A detail of the Dresden Codex, one of
only 6 Mayan codices , or painted
books, to survive the Conquest
Mayan Drinking Cup for
Chocolate
Pakal: The
Maya Astronaut
Quetzalcoatl:
The God of Wisdom & Learning
Lands of the Aztecs
Aztec View of Tenochtitlan
Tenochtitlan
(Mexico City)
Aztec
Empire
Tenochtitlan: The “Venice” of the
Americas
Ruins of the City Center,
Tenochtitlan
The Codex
Mendoza :
The Founding
of
Tenochtitlan
1325
Aztec Chinampa or Floating
Garden:
15ft. to 30ft. wide
Tenochtitlan - Chinampas
Aztec Writing
Aztec Math
Aztec Sun Stone -- Calendar
Aztec Sun Motifs
Aztec Codex
(15c Manuscript)
The Aztecs
Were
Fierce Warriors
Aztecs Sacrifice Neighboring Tribes
to the Sun God
Heart Sacrifice
on an Aztec Temple Pyramid
Wall of Skulls, Tenochtitlan
Sacrificial Statue, Tenochtitlan
Aztec Gold
Things You need to know
about Native America
 Cultural Diversity and Complexity
Diversity - Over 500 distinct Indian nations in North America
Civilizations – Olmec: Central Mexico c.1000BCE-300CE
Mayan: Central America c.300CE-800
Aztec 1325-1521
Inca: Andes Mountains of
South America 1463-1533
 Food for the World
60% of the modern world’s food crops were domesticated in America: Corn,
Potatoes, Squash, Pumpkins, Beans, Tomatoes, Peppers, Sweet Potatoes, Peanuts,
Sunflowers, Pineapples, Chocolate (cocoa bean)
South American Civilizations
 Formative
– CHAVIN 900 BCE to 500 BCE
• highlands of Andes
• flourished at this time
• great ceremonial center
 Classic
– MOCHICA 300 - 700 CE
• started on coast
• shifted to highlands from coast
– NAZCA 200-600 CE
 Post Classic
– TIAHUANCO 600-1000 CE
• in the Andes Mts.
– HUARI 700 - 1000 CE
– CHIMU 1350-1450
• in the Andes Mts.
– INCAS
• 1100 Cuzco starts
• 1450-1533 Empire
Lands of the Incas
Cuzco: Ancient Capital of the Inca
(11,000 ft. above sea level)
Machu Picchu
Machu Picchu
Incan Suspension
Bridges
Incan Terrace Farming
Incan Digging Sticks
Maize in Incan Pottery
& Gold Work
Over 100 Different Types of Potatoes Cultivated
by the Incans
Produce from a Typical
Incan Market
Incan Ceramic Jars
Peanut
Cacao God
Potato
Cacao Pod
Squash
The Quipu: An Incan Database
Incan Mummies
Inca Gold & Silver