Transcript ARTS Japan - Immaculate Conception Catholic School | Denton, TX

ACHIEVEMENTS AND CONTRIBUTIONS
OF ANCIENT CIVILIZATIONS OF
GREECE, ROME, JAPAN, EARLY AFRICA
AND EARLY AMERICAS
WRITING /
LANGUAGE
WRITING /
LANGUAGE
GREECE
Linear B Script
Greek Alphabet
The first "true alphabet"
was the Greek alphabet,
which was developed on
the basis of the earlier
Phoenician alphabet.
WRITING /
LANGUAGE
ROME
The classical Latin alphabet, also known as the Roman alphabet, is
a writing system that evolved from the Greek alphabet.
WRITING /
LANGUAGE
JAPAN
Kanji are the adopted logographic Chinese characters that are
used in the modern Japanese writing system along with Japanese
syllabaries hiragana and katakana.
WRITING /
LANGUAGE
AFRICA
Arabic is spoken in a wide arc stretching across Western Asia,
North Africa, and the Horn of Africa.
WRITING /
LANGUAGE
MAYA
The Mayan script, also known as Mayan
glyphs or Mayan hieroglyphs, is the writing
system of the Maya civilization of
Mesoamerica, currently the only
Mesoamerican writing system that has been
substantially deciphered.
The earliest inscriptions found, which are
identifiably Maya, date to the 3rd century
BCE in San Bartolo, Guatemala. Maya
writing was in continuous use throughout
Mesoamerica until the Spanish conquest
of the Maya in the 16th and 17th
centuries.
WRITING /
LANGUAGE
INCA
Quipus, sometimes
known as khipus or
talking knots, usually
consisted of colored,
spun, and plied
thread or strings
made from cotton or
camelid fiber.
For the Inca, the system aided in collecting data and keeping records, ranging
from monitoring tax obligations, properly collecting census records, calendrical
information, and military organization. The cords contained numeric and other
values encoded by knots in a base ten positional system.
A quipu could have only a few or up to 2,000 cords.
WRITING /
LANGUAGE
AZTECS
Aztec or Nahuatl writing is a
pictographic and ideographic preColumbian writing system with
significant number of logograms and
syllabic signs.
Remaining Aztec
codices such as
Codex Mendoza,
Codex
Borbonicus, and
Codex Osuna
were written on
deer hide and
plant fiber.
TECHNOLOGY
& ARTS
TECHNOLOGY &
ARTS
Greece
The first alarm clock was conceptualized
in ancient Greece. It was thought up by
Ctesibus, a Hellenistic engineer and
inventor. During those days, time was
usually indicated using a water clock.
Ctesibus then used an elaborate
system comprised of dropping
pebbles on to a gong to make a
sound. This sound was set to
happen at specific time intervals,
giving rise to a rather crude yet
effective version of the modern alarm
clock.
Plato
himself is
also
credited
with
creating a
version of
an alarm
clock that
combined
water filling
up a vessel
and making
pebbles
drop to
make a
sound.
The thermometer is constantly being used for a wide array of needs these days, from
health care to chemistry.
The original technology behind
it is quite old, dating back
almost 2,000 years ago. It was
the Greeks of Alexandria that
first figured out how air
expands when exposed to high
temperatures.
It was Philo of Byzantium who first
applied this technique to
determine the temperature and
the concept was later on
improved by Galileo.
It was Galileo who introduced the
concept of a “scale” to quantify
the process but his work was
based on the original invention of
the ancient Greeks.
Odometers are measuring
tools that help quantify
distance. They were originally
used to figure out how much
distance has already been
travelled by a vehicle.
There’s no doubt that the
invention of the odometer has
helped the ancient Greek
civilization. It helped the Greeks
to create roads and bridges for
travelling, set milestones at
specific distances, and helped
develop their empire, boosting
their economic standing.
TECHNOLOGY &
ARTS
Rome
Acta Diurna (latin: Daily Acts sometimes
translated as Daily Public Records) were
daily Roman official notices, a sort of daily
gazette. They were carved on stone or metal
and presented in message boards in public
places like the Forum of Rome. They were
also called simply Acta or Diurna or
sometimes Acta Popidi or Acta Publica. The
first form of Acta appeared around 131 BCE
during the Roman Republic. Their original
content included results of legal proceedings
and outcomes of trials. Later the content
was expanded to public notices and
announcements and other noteworthy
information such as prominent births,
marriages and deaths. After a couple of days
the notices were taken down and archived
(though no intact copy has survived to the
present day).
TECHNOLOGY &
ARTS
Japan
Jomon Potteries
ARTS Japan
Hokusai is best known as author of the woodblock
print series Thirty-six Views of Mount Fuji) which
includes the internationally recognized print, The
Great Wave off Kanagawa, created during the
1820s.
ARTS Japan
Origami is the art of paper
folding, which is often
associated with Japanese
culture.
ARTS Japan
Japanese calligraphy is a form of calligraphy,
or artistic writing, of the Japanese language..
ARTS Japan
Bonsai is a Japanese art form
using miniature trees grown in
containers.
The purposes of bonsai are primarily contemplation (for the viewer) and
the pleasant exercise of effort and ingenuity (for the grower).
ARTS Japan
The Japanese zen garden, creates a miniature stylized landscape through carefully
composed arrangements of rocks, water features, moss, pruned trees and bushes, and uses
gravel or sand that is raked to represent ripples in water.
They were intended to imitate the intimate essence of nature, not its actual appearance,
and to serve as an aid to meditation about the true meaning of life.
ARTS Africa
A griot is a West African
historian, storyteller,
praise singer, poet and/or
musician.
ARTS Africa
Kente cloth is a type of silk
and cotton fabric made of
interwoven cloth strips.
Kente is native to the
Akan ethnic group of
South Ghana.
ARTS Maya
Ancient Mayan Maya Jade
Pre Columbian Necklace
ARTS Maya
Maya stelae
(singular stela) are
monuments that
were fashioned by
the Maya
civilization of
ancient
Mesoamerica.
They consist of
tall sculpted
stone shafts.
ARTS Maya
Stucco
It is used as
decorative coating
for walls and
ceilings and as a
sculptural and
artistic material in
architecture.
ARTS Maya
Maya ceramics
are ceramics
produced in the
Pre-Columbian
Maya culture of
Mesoamerica.
Maya, AD 600–900. Red and brown-black-oncream ceramics
Fenton Vase.
ARTS Maya
Bonampak is an ancient
Maya archaeological site in
the Mexican state of
Chiapas.
Mural (Mayan Royalty) in Bonampak
ARTS Inca
For the Incas finely
worked and highly
decorative textiles came
to symbolize both
wealth and status.
ARTS Inca
Peru is deemed the
origin of this gorgeous
instrument, and modern
Andean panpipes, which
may be called Siku,
Antara or Zampoña, are
very popular today
across the continents
and around the globe.
ARTS Inca
ARTS Aztecs
VINTAGE MAYAN AZTEC WARRIOR
CEREMONIAL COSTUME
ARTS Aztecs
ARTS Aztecs
MATH/SCIENCE/OTHERS
MATH /SCIENCE/OTHERS (GREEKS)
The theorem is
named after the
ancient Greek
mathematician
Pythagoras (c.
570 – c. 495 BC)
as it is he who, by
tradition, is
credited with its
first recorded
proof.
MATH /SCIENCE/OTHERS (GREEKS)
Any object,
wholly or partially
immersed in a
fluid, is buoyed
up by a force
equal to the
weight of the
fluid displaced by
the object.
Archimedes of Syracuse
MATH /SCIENCE/OTHERS (GREEKS)
The Hippocratic Oath is an oath
historically taken by physicians. It is
one of the most widely known of
Greek medical texts.
In its original form, it
requires a new
physician to swear, by a
number of healing gods,
to uphold specific
ethical standards.
MATH /SCIENCE/OTHERS (JAPAN)
The soroban is an abacus
developed in Japan.
It is derived from the
Chinese suanpan,
imported to Japan in the
14th century.
MATH /SCIENCE (AFRICA)
The Lebombo Bone is an
ancient mathematical artifact.
It was used as a Tally stick.
It is a Baboon fibula that has
tally marks on it. It is 35,000
years old. It is conjectured to
have been used for tracking
menstrual cycles, because it
has 29 marks on it.
MATH
SCIENCE Maya
The Maya
numeral system
is a base-twenty
positional
numeral system
used by the PreColumbian Maya
civilization.
MATH
SCIENCE Aztec
Aztec Calendar.
The Aztec
calendar was an
adaptation of the
Mayan calendar.
It consisted of a
365-day
agricultural
calendar.
MATH
SCIENCE Inca
yupana
It is an abacus
used to perform
arithmetic
operations dating
back to the time
of the Incas.
ARCHITECTURE
ARCHITECTURE
Greece
The Parthenon is a
former temple on
the Athenian
Acropolis, Greece,
dedicated to the
goddess Athena,
whom the people
of Athens
considered their
patron.
ARCHITECTURE
Japan
Main hall / Golden
Hall/Kondo is a
building within a
Japanese Buddhist
temple compound
(garan).
ARCHITECTURE
Japan
Tōdai-ji is a
Buddhist temple
complex, that was
once one of the
powerful Seven
Great Temples,
located in the city
of Nara, Japan.
ARCHITECTURE
Japan
Five Storied Pagoda was
reconstructed in 1973
after the pagoda built in
1648 by Tokugawa
Iemitsu was destroyed in
firebombing of March
1945. The 1648 Five
Storied Pagoda had been
declared a National
Treasure in 1911.
Pagodas were built with the purpose of serving a religious function
and were often constructed within a temple complex.
ARCHITECTURE
AFrica
The Great Mosque
of Djenné
ARCHITECTURE
AFrica
Agadezz
grand
Mosque
ARCHITECTURE
AFrica
Larabanga
Mosque
ARCHITECTURE
Maya
Mayans built observatories or
buildings from which people
could study the sky, so their
priests could watch the stars
and plan the best time for
religious festivals.
See also textbook, page 472
The Maya were
keen astronomers
and had mapped
out the phases of
celestial objects,
especially the
Moon and Venus.
Observatories
ARCHITECTURE
Maya
Palenque also
anciently known as
Lakamha (literally:
"Big Water"), was a
Maya city state in
southern Mexico that
flourished in the 7th
century.
See also textbook, page 471
Palenque temples and plaza
ARCHITECTURE
Inca
Tucked away in the rocky
countryside northwest of
Cuzco, Peru, Machu
Picchu is believed to
have been a royal estate
or sacred religious site
for Inca leaders, whose
civilization was virtually
wiped out by Spanish
invaders in the 16th
century
ARCHITECTURE
Inca
The Inca road system
was the most
extensive and
advanced
transportation
system in preColumbian South
America. It was about
39,900 kilometres
(24,800 mi) long.
Please also see Textbook, pages 484-485.
ARCHITECTURE
Inca
ARCHITECTURE
Aztec
Aztec temples were often part
of a step-pyramid, and they
often faced west. A flight of
steps led up to the sanctuary
and there was a sacrificial altar
at the top of the steps.
They used this sacrificial altar
for ritual sacrifices, including
human sacrifice, in honor of
the numerous gods that the
Aztecs worshipped.
While the Aztecs
dedicated most of
their temples to a
single deity, they
dedicated some
temples to two
separate gods. Some
of the Aztec's primary
worship centers are at
Teotihuacán, Cholula
and Tenochtitlán.
Teotihuacán was a metropolis that
might have had a population of
125,000 people. One of its main
roads is called the "Avenue of the
Dead". Many of the city's temples
are on this road.
Pyramid of the Moon
The three largest temples are :
Temple of Quetzalcoatl
Pyramid of the Sun
The Great Pyramid at Cholula
The Great
Pyramid of
Cholula
This pyramid
is one of the
largest ever
built on
earth.
Tenochtitlán,
now Mexico
City, was the
Aztec's capital
city.
Please see Textbook page 476.
Their main place
of worship was
the "Templo
Mayor" in the
center of the city.
videos
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=67-bgSFJiKc
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VdHHus8IgYA
Conclusion
In conclusion, over time these
advancements brought people into a
more efficient living environment,
allowing for higher population and spread
of cultural, political, economic, and social
ideals over large geographical areas.