Transcript Chapter 10 - SchoolRack

Chapter 10
A Blending of
Cultures
Mexico
Colonialism and Independence
Present-day Mexico was occupied by
several native peoples.
These people included the Toltecs,
Maya, and the Aztecs.
Teotihuacan was an early city-state.
Colonialism and Independence
1519, Hernan(do) Cortes landed on the
east coast of Mexico.
He marched his army to Tenochtitlan and
met Montezuma.
By 1527, he had conquered the Aztecs.
Colony and Country
For centuries, Mexico was under Spanish
rule.
In 1821, Mexico gained its independence
from Spain.
Even free of Spain, Mexico’s land was
unequally divided.
Colony and Country
In the mid-19th century, Benito Juarez led
a reform movement and became president
Juarez was succeeded by the dishonest
Diaz.
Diaz’s rule brought about Mexican civil war
A New constitution was written in 1917.
One Party Rule
1929, the Institutional Revolutionary Party
(PRI) arose and introduced democracy.
1997, two parties formed to oppose the
PRI
2000, Vicente Fox, National Action Party
became president.
This ended 71 years of PRI rule.
Meeting Cultures
The Aztecs and the Spanish
– The Aztec Empire arose in the Valley of
Mexico.
– They arrived there around A.D. 1200.
– They built their capital, Tenochtitlan, in the
middle of Lake Texcoco.
– The Aztecs practiced human sacrifice.
The Aztecs and the Spanish
Cortez conquered the Aztecs and built
Mexico City on top of Tenochtitlan.
The name Mexico comes from an older
name for the Aztecs called Mexica.
The Spanish and Aztec cultures began to
intermingle and became known as
mestizos.
Mexican Painters
Mexican Art is known for its muralists.
Ex: Jose Orozco, Diego Rivera, Juan
O’Gorman.
Frida Kahlo is known for her self portraits.
These painters blended European and
Native American styles.
Architecture
Aztec buildings were based on pyramids
and other basic geometric shapes.
The Spanish built missions and later
cathedrals in a more European influenced
architecture.
Economics
Two Problems Mexico Struggles with:
1. Closing the gap between rich & poor.
2. Attempt to develop modern industry.
Mexico has traditionally been an
agricultural society.
Oil and Manufacture
Oil reserves are found off the Gulf Coast.
Manufacturing is the most important
industry.
Maquiladores – Factories that assemble
imported parts and then export the
assembled product.
Mexico Today
Emigration has greatly impacted family life
in Mexico.
Brain Drain – skilled labor going to other
countries to find work and leaving
unskilled labor in Mexico.
Mayan Influence
The Maya inhabited the Yucatan, Belize,
Guatemala, El Salvador, and Honduras.
Each city was ruled by a god-king.
Pyramids of Tikal were among the tallest
structures in the Americas until the 20th
Century.
Spanish in Central America
1823, Central America declared itself
independent from Mexico.
Formed the United Provinces of Central
America.
By 1830, this confederation had split into
the countries of today.
Caribbean Influences
1492, Columbus lands in Hispanola.
He called the natives Indians, however
they were really the Taino.
Taino died from European and African
disease.
Spanish replaced them with African
slaves.
Caribbean Independence
First independence movement was a slave
revolt on Haiti.
Toussant L’Ouverture led this revolt in the
1790’s.
1804 Haiti was free from France.
Cuba gained independence in 1898,
became self-governing in 1902.
Culture
Combination of Native American and
Spanish.
Predominantly Roman Catholic.
The Caribbean shares cultures with many
other European countries.
Economics
Sugar Cane is among the largest exports
from the Caribbean.
Panama Canal is the major trade center in
the region.
Informal Economy – Finding ways to make
money outside of official channels.
Music
Calypso & Reggae come from this region.