Transcript The American Journey: Early Years

Chapter Introduction
Section 1: Migration to the Americas
Section 2: Cities and Empires
Section 3: North American Peoples
Visual Summary
Migration to the Americas
Essential Question How did agriculture
change the lives of early people?
Cities and Empires
Essential Question How did the early
civilizations of Mexico and Central America
develop socially, politically, and economically?
North American Peoples
Essential Question How was the way of life of
the Native Americans of North America related
to their environment?
How did agriculture change the lives
of early people?
Reading Guide
Content Vocabulary
• archaeology
• maize
• artifact
• carbon dating
• nomad
• culture
• migration
Academic Vocabulary
• source
• estimate
Reading Guide (cont.)
Key People and Events
• Ice Age
Which do you believe came first,
agriculture or culture?
A. Agriculture
B. Culture
A. A
B. B
0%
B
A
0%
The Journey From Asia
The first Americans were hunters
and gatherers who came from Asia
and spread throughout the
Americas.
The Journey From Asia (cont.)
• Archaeologists, experts in archaeology,
believe that many early peoples reached the
Americas by crossing a strip of land known
as Beringia, which was exposed during the
last Ice Age.
• As the centuries passed, many people
migrated across Beringia and spread out
across the Americas.
Prehistoric Migrations to the Americas
The Journey From Asia (cont.)
• The earliest Americans were nomads who
were skilled at hunting large animals such as
the wooly mammoth.
• Eventually these mammals began to die out,
and early Americans had to find other
sources of food.
During which period of time was the land
bridge known as Beringia exposed?
A. Ice Age
B. Renaissance
C. Viking Age
D. Victorian Era
0%
A
A.
B.
C.
0%
D.
B
A
B
C
0%
D
C
0%
D
Settling Down
Agriculture changed the way of life
for early Americans.
Settling Down (cont.)
• Agriculture began in the Americas about
9,000 years ago as people living in what is
now Mexico learned to plant and raise
maize.
• Using a method called carbon dating to
study artifacts, scientists know that
permanent settlements arose about 5,000
years ago.
Settling Down (cont.)
• Over time, the groups of people living in
settlements developed their own cultures.
Which of the following was NOT a
crop grown by early Americans?
A. Maize
B. Oranges
C. Pumpkins
D. Beans
0%
A
A.
B.
C.
0%
D.
B
A
B
C
0%
D
C
0%
D
How did the early civilizations of
Mexico and Central America develop
socially, politically, and
economically?
Reading Guide
Content Vocabulary
• civilization
• Quechua
• theocracy
• quipu
• hieroglyphics
• terrace
Academic Vocabulary
• complex
• link
Reading Guide (cont.)
Key People and Events
• Olmec
• Maya
• Aztec
• Inca
Which of the following do you think is
most important in the successful
development of a civilization?
A. A system of writing
0%
D
0%
C
D. A powerful military
A
B
C
0%
D
B
C. Advancements in architecture
A.
B.
C.
0%
D.
A
B. Advancements in agriculture
The Olmec, Maya, and Aztec
The Olmec, Maya, and Aztec
civilizations of Mexico and Central
America flourished long before the
arrival of Europeans.
The Olmec, Maya, and Aztec (cont.)
• Long before the Europeans arrived in the
early 1500s, several civilizations arose in
what is now Mexico and Central America.
• These civilizations developed complex
systems for the following:
– Writing
– Counting
– Tracking time
Maya Mathematics
The Olmec, Maya, and Aztec (cont.)
• The three largest and most advanced of the
early civilizations were the:
– Olmec
– Maya
– Aztec
Civilizations of Mexico and Central America
The Olmec, Maya, and Aztec (cont.)
• Facts about the Olmec:
– Farmers produced enough food to sustain
cities containing thousands of people.
– Workers sculpted large stone monuments
and built stone pavements and drainage
systems.
Civilizations of Mexico and Central America
The Olmec, Maya, and Aztec (cont.)
• Facts about the Maya:
– Each city had at least one stone pyramid.
– Their civilization was a theocracy.
– They developed hieroglyphics.
– Traders traveled on a network of roads
carved out of the jungle.
Civilizations of Mexico and Central America
The Olmec, Maya, and Aztec (cont.)
• Facts about the Aztec:
– They built Tenochtitlán, one of the greatest
cities in the Americas.
– They were a military empire.
– They organized their society around
religion.
Civilizations of Mexico and Central America
Which of the following civilization was still
flourishing when the Europeans arrived?
A. Olmec
B. Maya
0%
C
A
0%
B
C. Aztec
A. A
B. B
C.0%C
The Inca
The Inca in South America
developed a well-organized empire
with a structured society.
The Inca (cont.)
• Facts about the Inca:
– The Inca state was built on war and the
Inca army was powerful.
– The Inca Empire had a population of more
than 9 million, and built at least 10,000
miles of roads in order to keep the empire
linked.
The Inca Empire
The Inca (cont.)
– Quechua was the official language.
– They cut terraces into steep slopes in
order to farm mountainous lands.
How did the Inca record information?
A. Using hieroglyphics
B. Using quipu
C. Using an abacus
D. Using the alphabet
0%
A
A.
B.
C.
0%
D.
B
A
B
C
0%
D
C
0%
D
How was the way of life of the Native
Americans of North America related
to their environment?
Reading Guide
Content Vocabulary
• pueblo
• clan
• federation
Academic Vocabulary
• channel
• structure
Reading Guide (cont.)
Key People and Events
• Mound Builders
• Iroquois
Do you feel that you could adapt
easier to a cold climate or a warm
climate?
A. Cold
B. Warm
A. A
B. B
0%
B
A
0%
Early Native Americans
The Hohokam, the Anasazi, and the
Mound Builders were among the
most advanced of early North
American civilizations.
Early Native Americans (cont.)
• Facts about the Hohokam:
– Their way of life depended on irrigation
channels they dug to carry river water into
their fields.
– They left behind pottery, carved stone, and
shells etched with acid.
Early Native Americans (cont.)
• Facts about the Anasazi:
– They built pueblos–huge structures
made of stone and earth.
– They also built dwellings in the walls of
steep cliffs.
Early Native Americans (cont.)
• Facts about the Mound Builders:
– Some of the mounds contained burial
chambers, while some were topped with
temples.
– The Adena and the Hopewell were two
cultures that built mounds.
– The largest settlement of the
Mound Builders was Cahokia.
Selected Sites of the Mound Builders
The Mound Builders appeared to be
related to which two cultures?
A. Anasazi and Hopewell
B. Maya and Aztec
0%
C
A
0%
B
C. Inuit and Iroquois
A. A
B. B
C.0%C
Other Native North Americans
The early inhabitants of North
America developed ways of life that
were well suited to their
environments.
Other Native North Americans (cont.)
• The people who settled in the northern-most
part of North America built igloos in the
winter, and were hunters and fishers.
• Peoples of the West depended on the forest
and the sea.
• Most of the peoples of the Southeast and
Southwest farmed, but the Apache and
Navajo were hunters and gatherers.
Native American Cultures
Other Native North Americans (cont.)
• Peoples of the Plains were nomadic.
• Peoples of the East formed complex
societies.
– The Iroquois and Cherokee had formal
law codes and formed federations.
– The different members of the Iroquois
League were organized according to
clans.
People from which area used horses
to hunt and fight?
A. Southwest
B. Plains
C. East
D. Southeast
0%
A
A.
B.
C.
0%
D.
B
A
B
C
0%
D
C
0%
D
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archaeology
the study of ancient peoples
artifact
an item left behind by early people
that represents their culture
nomad
person who moves from place to
place in search of food or grazing
land
migration
a movement of a large number of
people into a new homeland
maize
an early form of corn grown by Native
Americans
carbon dating
a scientific method used to determine
the age of an artifact
culture
a way of life of a group of people who
share similar beliefs and customs
source
a supply
estimate
approximate number
civilization
a highly developed culture, usually
with organized religions and laws
theocracy
a form of government in which the
society is ruled by religious leaders
hieroglyphics
an ancient form of writing using
symbols and pictures to represent
words, sounds, and concepts
Quechua
language spoken by the Inca
quipu
calculating device developed by the
Inca
terrace
a raised piece of land with the top
leveled off to promote farming
complex
complicated; highly detailed
link
join or connect
pueblo
home or community of homes built by
Native Americans
federation
a type of government that links
different groups together
clan
a group united by a common interest
or characteristic
channel
a trench or groove to allow the
passage of water
structure
something that is constructed or built
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