Transcript Civilizations of America

Civilizations of America
Members:
Dimaano, Nico
Reyes, Mayee
Sanchez, Kevin
Valdez, Joachim
Civilizations of America
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5.)
Inca Civilization
Teotihuacan
Aztec Civilization
Mayan Civilization
The Olmecs
Inca
Civilization
Inca Civilization
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The term “Inca”
means empire
Very intelligent tribe
Similar to the
Aztecs
Inca Location
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Inca’s
inhabited the
North West
region of
Lake Titicaca
in Cuzco.
Inca Capital
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The city of Cuzco is
the Capital of the
Inca.
Population is 348,935
The name Cusco is
derived from the
Quechua phrase
"qusqu wanka" which
means "rock of the
owl".
Inca Capital
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Buildings at the city
of Cuzco.
Inca Inventions
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Incas loved music
so they invented
the panpipe.
It had different
sized pipes tied to
one another.
Similar to the
harmonica
Inca Inventions
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Quipus are
messages
It has a main string
that is two feet
long.
Information is
recorded on these
threads
Example at quipus
at the right if you
count the number
of red threads
multiply it by ten
then you will have
the number of
soldiers remaining
Inca Leaders
Story: In 1430 CE the neighboring
tribe of Chanca went to war
against Viracocha in Cuzco.
Instead of fighting, Viracocha
and his born son, Urco, ran
away to the mountains.
Pachacuti, who was left behind
got the troops going and won
the war. Pachacuti was
crowned Inca ruler in 1438.
Urco was kicked out of the city
for good because he was a
coward and brought shame to
the people.
Inca Leaders
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Huayna Capac was
the leader during
the Spanish attack
He died because of
small pox
The Fall of the Inca
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Both Inca and
Spanish were very
intelligent and both
made plans for
defense and
offence
The Fall of the Inca
Francisco Pizarro fought against Huayna Capac
The Fall of the Inca
The Fall of the Inca
The Fall of the Inca
The Fall of the Incas
Teotihuacan
Teotihuacan
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Teotihuacan is an
enormous
archeological site at
the Basin of Mexico
The largest city
during the 1st
Century
Also called the “city
of the gods”
Constructed at
300A.D
Teotihuacan Avenue of the Dead
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At you right is the
road of the Avenue of
the dead
From the Temple of
the feathered serpent
to the Temple of the
Moon are 23 temples
containing dead
people they
sacrificed
Teotihuacan Avenue of the dead
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The wall of skulls
contain the skulls
of the Aztec
warriors
Teotihuacan Palace
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This is the palace
of the Quetzal
Butterfly
This Palace was for
the High priests of
Teotihuacan
Teotihuacan Palace
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Palace of
Quetzalpapalotl.
Palace of the
Teotihuacan leaders
Teotihuacan Palace
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Palace of the Jaguars
Palace of the two
great goddesses
Tepantitla and Tetitla
Tepantitla is the
Jaguar and Tetitla is
the green bird
Teotihuacan Pyramids
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At your right is
the Pyramid of
the Sun.
Huitzilopochtli is
worshipped here
3rd largest
pyramid in the
world
Teotihuacan Pyramids
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This is the Pyramid of
the moon.
It’s pattern is the same
as the pattern of the
mountain behind.
Teotihuacan Pyramids
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This is the Pyramid of
the feathered
Serpent.
Quetzalcoatl and
Tlaloc is worshipped
here.
Teotihuacan (today)
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Teotihuacan
today is a
tourist
attraction
Just something
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Names: Teotihuacán
Size: Site area: 31 sq. km (12 sq. miles);
Mexico Phone:59-4956-0276 or 59-49560052
Hours: Daily 7am to 6pm
Cost:$2.50; free on Sunday. Using a video
camera costs $3.
Aztec
Civilization
Aztec Civilization
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The Aztecs were PreColumbian Mesoamerican
people of central Mexico
They were nomadic tribes
from the north and they
migrated to the south at
the 12th century.
The term “Aztecs” means a
person who came from a
mythical place at northern
Mexico called “Aztlan”.
Aztec Location
^
The Aztec
City
^
Mexico
Today
Aztec Capital
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The Aztec Capital is
Tenochtitlan
Located at the
center of Lake
Texcoco
It had an Estimated
population of
200,000
Aztec Technology
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The Technology of the Aztecs during their time
was Farming, The Calendar, and The Medicine.
Aztec Calendar
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Symbols of
Animals Are in
Their Calendar
Aztec Farming
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The red Area is
where Aztecs
Farm
Planted many
crops especially
Maize.
Aztec Chinampas
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Chinampas are mini
island in the middle
of lakes.
It helps in their
farming
Aztec Gods
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From left to right Tlaloc, Quetzalcotl, Xipe-Totec,
Mayahuel, Mictlantechutli, Huitzilopochtli
Aztec God Tlaloc
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Tlaloc is a the god
that makes things
sprout.
The Aztec god of rain,
agriculture, fire, and
the south.
He is responsible for
both floods and
droughts.
Aztec God Quetzalcoatl
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It is said all
elements of
civilization came
from him
Aztec God of light,
god of the morning.
Aztec God of Wind
He is often referred
to as "the Feathered
Serpent"
Aztec God Xipe Totec
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Xipe Totec is the
god of the
Shedding of Skins,
God of Seedtime,
and The Elemental
Force of Rebirth.
He flayed himself to
give food to
humanity
The Aztecs “Our
Lord The Flayed
One”
Aztec God Mayahuel
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The Aztec goddess of
the maguey plant and
fertility.
Protector of mature
wombs that turn into
life.
Aztec God Mictlantecuhtli
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God of Death
and The
Undeworld
The Ruler of
Mictlan
(Underworld)
Aztec God Huitzilopochtli
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The Aztec god of
War and the Sun.
Huitzilopochtli was
The Supreme god at
the Temple of the
Sun Tenochtitlan.
He was a warrior
and a wizard.
Aztec Worship
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Human Sacrifice is done
on top of the temples at
Teotihuacan.
They offer the heart to
their gods
Usually sacrifice prisoners
Aztec Leader
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Moctezuma Xocoyotzin
1502-1520.
Last great Aztec ruler.
Lead many successful
military campaigns.
Died during Spanish
Conquest.
The Fall of the Aztecs
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In the end of the
Aztecs they were
conquered by the
Spanish.
The attack of the
Spaniards was led
by Hernando Cortez
At your right are his
ships
The Fall of the Aztecs
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Hernando Cortez got
help from Anti- Aztec
Indians to defeat the
Aztec
The Fall of the Aztecs
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Weapons used for
battle
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They have enslaved many
Aztecs and claimed their
food and animals
The Fall of the Aztecs
Any
Questions?
Activity
Instructions: draw an Aztec god that will be
flashed on the screen.
The top three drawing will get a 3 point
bonus in the quiz. The remaining will get 1
point in the quiz
Use your time wisely
Aztec Gods
Quetzalcoatl
Huitzilopochtli
Mayan
Civilization
Mayan Civilization
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The term "Maya" is
a convenient
collective
designation to
include the peoples
of the region who
share some degree
of cultural and
linguistic heritage
Mayan Location
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The Mayans
Civilizations were
established at the
green area
Mayan Capital
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Yucatan is the main
center of the
Mayans.
Spanish often
attempt to capture
Yucatan
Found many
remains of
dinosaurs in the
Area.
Mayan Ruins
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The Tikal is a
National Park is in
the Peten region in
Northern
Guatemala
The park contains
remains of Mayan
tools
Mayan Ruins
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The site of Uaxactun
was located in the
notheast corne of
Peten, Guatemala,
and part of the
Mayan Lowlands.
Uaxactun was a
major Mayan city
situated about twelve
miles north away
from Tikal
Mayan Gods
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Mayans worshipped the god of agriculture
Had 117 Gods
Mayan Livelihood
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The Mayans source
of livelihood was
Slash-and-Burn
agriculture.
This way is very
traditional for the
Mayans
Mayan Hieroglyphics
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Mayan priests
invented the
Hieroglyphics.
It is not only used
for language but it
is also used for art.
Other forms of Mayan Hieroglyphics
The Olmecs
The Olmecs
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The Olmecs were the
earliest civilizations
that emerged in
Central America.
The Olmec heartland is
characterized by
swampy lowlands
punctuated by low hill
ridges and volcanoes.
The Olmecs Location
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Located between The Mayans and the Aztecs
The Olmecs Ball Games
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The Olmecs have
ancient ball games.
One ball game is
pok-a-tok quite
similar to
basketball.
The ball games are
pat of their culture.
The Olmecs Ball Games
The goal of pok-a-tok is to get your ball through
your goal
The Olmecs Colossal Heads
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There are 17 different
colossal heads
Some Heads were
good ball players.
Others were warriors
and kings
The Olmecs Colossal Heads
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The heads were
carved from single
blocks or boulders
of volcanic basalt,
quarried in the
Tuxtla Mountains
The Olmecs Calendars and Mathematics
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The Olmecs were clever mathematicians and
astronomers who made accurate calendars.