Transcript Civil War PPT1 - Cobb Learning

The Civil War Begins
Get ready to fight!
Choosing Sides
Most Northerners supported the Union- they
wanted to preserve the country
 11 Southern states seceded to form the
Confederacy
 Most Southerners supported the Confederacythey wanted to win their independence and
defend their land!
 The Border States (Missouri, Kentucky,
Maryland, Delaware) were torn- they remained
part of the union, but allowed slavery

Northern strengths
22 million people to fight (only 9 mil in
South and 1/3 were slaves)
 More factories for weapons and supplies
 More railroads-could move people and
supplies faster

Southern Strengths
Most of the fighting took
place in the South
Excellent military leaders like Robert E. Lee…
Robert E. Lee
Was a U.S. Army colonel
 Was asked by Lincoln to head
up the Union army

Was a native Virginian and decided he could not
turn against his home, so he quit the army and
took command of Virginia’s troops
“I cannot raise my hand against my birthplace, my
home, my children.”
The North’s Strategy
Blockade the South
 Stop trading ships from
leaving or entering Southern
ports
 The South would run out of
supplies and become weak
 Control the Mississippi River,
then attack the East and West
at the same time

The South’s Strategy
Richmond became the capital of the South
 Protect the land!
 Defend their homes!
 Hoped that some European countries
would help them
Why would they want to help?
 Fight off Northern attacks until the Union
gave up

The Battle of Bull Run
Both sides expected a quick and easy
victory
 Union marches down to capture Richmond
 The two armies meet at a stream called
Bull Run
 General Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson
led the Confederacy to victory

Battle of Antietam
Lee and Jackson continue to have victories
 Lee decided to invade Maryland
 A Union army stopped him and the battle
is known as the deadliest day of the war
 23,000 casualties combined

Union Fights Back
General Ulysses S. Grant was an
important leader for the Union
 He led his army to many victories
 Eventually, the only Confederate town left
on the Mississippi was Vicksburg
 Grant knew he had to capture Vicksburg
to control the river

Presidents Struggle
Jefferson Davis faced many problems
 B/c of the Union blockade, he could not
get enough food and supplies to fight
 Not enough people wanted to fight, so he
had to institute a draft (he was often
ignored)
 Lincoln had to have a draft too (rich
people bought their way out) and as
people continued to die, it was hard to
find support for the war

AHA! Our Plan is Working…
The plan to blockade the South seemed to be
working
 Lincoln knew he had to push the North towards
victory
 He also knew that the real issue dividing the
country was slavery and that freeing the slaves
would weaken the Confederacy
 He also hoped that the newly freed slaves would
fight for the Union

The Emancipation Proclamation
He signed it!
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Does it really do anything? (Freed people in a
land Lincoln had no control of)
Confederates ignored the new law
The North would have to defeat the South to
free the slaves
The Proclamation was attacked, the Union lost
soldiers, and the Republican party itself suffered
losses
Freed slaves were urged to join the Union army
A Boost for the North
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The Union wins two important battles
General Grant took over Vicksburg which gave
the North control of the Mississippi River and
split the Confederacy into two parts
General Lee decides to invade the Union and
marched North into Pennsylvania
The Union army met them near the town of
Gettysburg
For two days, the armies battled
Lee ordered a final attack, but the Union was
ready…
Battle of Gettysburg
They defeated the South with heavy fire
and forced Lee to retreat
 Later, Lincoln gave a speech at Gettysburg
known as the Gettysburg Address
 He honored all who
had died and declared
that the Union was
fighting to preserve
democracy

Meanwhile, Back on the Home
Front…
Families worried that their loved ones
would not return
 Woman took over men’s jobs (in factories,
businesses, and farms)
 Woman supported the troops and some
worked as nurses- Clara Barton
 Some women Served as spies or passed
themselves as soldiers and fought

The Soldiers
Soldiers came from many different
backgrounds
 African Americans fought for the Union
 Immigrants
 American Indians
 Boys too young to fight served as
drummer boys
 Women in disguise

Southern Homefront
Farms became battlefields
 Cities and homes were destroyed
 Food was scarce and expensive
 The Emancipation Proclamation gave
slaves hope of freedom

War Rages On
To end the war, the North had to destroy
the South’s ability to fight
 Lincoln made General Grant the
commander of all Union armies
 Grant planned to capture Richmond and
he ordered General William Tecumseh
Sherman to lead the army in Tennessee
 General Sherman planned to attack
Atlanta, Ga…

The Atlanta Campaign
Sherman began his attack in May and
succeeded in September
 He sent a telegraph to Lincoln sharing the
good news
 From Atlanta, Sherman marched to
Savannah; this is known as the March to
the Sea

TOTAL War
On the way to Savannah, Sherman and his
troops destroyed anything the Southerners
needed for the war
 They stole food, killed animals, and
wrecked railroads and factories
 Sherman wanted to make the Southerners
give up fighting

Lee Meets Grant
Grant leads his huge army towards
Richmond
 Grant kept attacking and eventually wore
down the Confederacy and they were
forced further and further south
 The two armies faced each other in
Richmond for over a year
 The Union grew stronger from the
constant fee of supplies and soldiers

Lee surrenders
Lee’s army was in tatters and struggling;
Grant’s was going strong
 Confederate soldiers began to desert
 Lee was forced to retreat and the Union
captured Richmond
 Lee is forced to surrender to Grant in the
Virginia town of Appomattox at the court
house
 Word got out and other southern generals
surrender
 The war is finally over

Plans for Reconstruction
The period when the South rejoined the
Union was known as Reconstruction
 Some wanted to make it hard on the
South and some wanted it easy
 Lincoln planned to let the defeated states
set up new state governments and rejoin
quickly, but then…
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Lincoln’s Assassination
Lincoln was killed while attending a play
 He was shot by John Wilkes Booth, a
Confederate supporter
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Effects of the War
Farms, cities, and factories in the South
were destroyed
 People had to rebuild homes and
businesses
 Former slaves were now free, but had no
money, homes, or jobs
 North grew stronger after the war
 Industries grew
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