Transcript Industrialism

Industrialism
I will analyze the causes of the rise of the industrialism in
the late 19th Century.
Essential Question: What caused the rise of industrialism in
the United States?
Bell Work
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Grab a book!
Define Industrialism
Define Industrialisma social system in which industry and factories are the basis of
a country's economy
• Define Industrialization-
Gilded Age-origin
• Gilded Age -Period when
corruption existed in society but
was overshadowed by the wealth
of the period (“gilded” is when
something is golden/beautiful on
the surface but is really
cheap/worthless underneath)
• The United States was prospering
under industrialism.
• Abuses in business and
government caused problems for
immigrants, laborers, and farmers
• Term comes from a book written
about the time period by Mark
Twain and Charles Dudley Warner
in 1873 The Gilded Age
View Intro to America’s
Industrial Revolution
What is the Industrial Revolution
about?
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= The Transformation of
Production
Transportation
the US national Economy
Immigration
Rise of Cities
Decline in population from rural areas
Corruption
Union Activism
Racism/Nativism
Reform- (Progressives- Fix the problems of industrial society)
When does the Industrial Revolution take
place?
• Various periods of American History
• 1st Industrial Revolution 1800-1860 begins in early 1800’s with
textile manufacturing and iron production
• 2nd Industrial Revolution really takes off in the latter part of
1800’s, ca 1870-1915
Chapter Thesis Analysis
• Read the bottom paragraph on page 230.
• This is the author’s thesis.
• In you notes add what the author thinks caused the Industrial
Revolution following the Civil War.
Sources of Industrial Boom
• A wealth of natural resources
• government support for business
• a growing urban population that provided
• cheap labor
• markets for new products.
Create Cornell Notes based on
pages 231-233
• Read the section, Natural Resources Fuel Industrialization, and
create notes on the importance of the following:
• Oil
• Iron
• Bessemer Steel Process
Black Gold
• Oil!
• Originally refined to create Kerosene
• Means of creating light during the night.
• Oil Drilled for using steam engine
• Made gathering oil beneath the earth’s surface practical
• Gasoline was a byproduct of the refining process of making
Kerosene
• Later became the most valuable part of crude oil.
Sources of Industrial Growth
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Raw materials
Large Labor Supply
Technological Innovation
Entrepreneurs
Federal Gov = eager to support business
Domestic Markets for goods
Business Organization
Iron and Steel
• 1870-1880s Iron Production soared
• Then Steel= 40,000 miles of track
• Aided by the Bessemer Process
• Blowing air and secret ingredients through molten iron to burn
out impurities
• Blast Furnace
• Furnace made of Iron and stone that increased production
• New Furnaces 500 tons per week
The Steel Industry’s Impact on America
• Bessemer Processdeveloped around 1850
injected air into molten iron
to remove impurities and
make steel-a lighter, more
flexible, rust resistant metal
• Steel is used in railroads,
farm equipment, canned
goods
• Engineers use steel to create
skyscrapers and longer
bridges (Brooklyn Bridge)
View Steel Industry
Video
• Western Pennsylvania, Pittsburgh,
• Steel towns- Cleveland, Detroit, Chicago, Birmigham
• Michigan, Minnesota, Birmingham AL (Iron Ore)
Video
• http://www.history.com/topics/john-drockefeller/videos/rockefellers-standard-oil
Check for Understanding
• Explain the importance of oil and steel. Justify how they
changed America.
Create Cornell Notes based on
pages 231-233
• Read the section, Inventions Promote Change, and create
notes on the importance of the following:
• Thomas Edison and Electricity
• Christopher Sholes and the typewriter
• Alexander Graham Bell and the telephone.
Inventors/Inventions
• Thomas Edison
• Perfected the light bulb in 1880, and
motion picture
• Organized power plants
• Established first research lab
• Alexander Graham Bell
• Telephone (1876)
• Henry Ford
• Assembly Line
• George Eastman
• Camera (1885)
• Samuel Morse
• Telegraph (1837)
• Wright Brothers
• Airplane (1903)
• Christopher Sholes
• Typewriter (1867)
Wright Brothers on
1903 Flight
Samuel Morse
19th Century
Typewriter
Marconi
• Guglielmo Marconi
• Radio
19th Century
Camera
Alexander Graham Bell
Video
• http://www.history.com/topics/
inventions/thomasedison/videos
• http://www.history.com/topics/
inventions/alexander-grahambell
Check for Understanding
• Explain how new inventions caused the rise of industry. Justify
your response
DOL
• In a 7 sentence constructed response, Justify what caused the
rise of Industrialism in the United States in the late 19th
Century.
TRANSCONTINENTAL RAILROAD
Reading and Creating Cornell
Notes
• Title Notes- Transcontinental Railroad
• Essential Question: How was the transcontinental railroad
built and how did it change America?
• Notes- Read the reading you were given and page 337 to
create notes.k
The First Transcontinental
Railroad
Why Build a Transcontinental Railroad?
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Growth of West Coast
West Coast gold and silver
Shorter trip to move West
Connect East with West for business
Solidify the Union
Achieve Manifest Destiny
Getting Started…
• Choosing a route
• Congress ordered surveys in 1853
• Debates between north and south about route
• No free-state politicians would approve funds
for a railroad that would spread slavery
• Northerners won when South seceded
• Conquering the Sierra Nevada
• Giant, rocky, snowy obstacle for the engineers
• Found a route through Donner Pass in 1860
Getting Started…(cont’d)
• Gaining government support
• Needed government cooperation, money, and
LAND
• Government was on board, but occupied by
Civil War
• Who will pay?
• Big Four (Stanford, Huntington, Hopkins,
Crocker)
• Created and chaired Central Pacific Railroad
• Thomas Durant
• Ames Brothers
Bought most of the Union
Pacific stock
The Transcontinental
Railroad
The “Big Four” were Collis P. Huntington, Mark Hopkins, Leland
Stanford and Charles Crocker.
Slide #7
The Transcontinental
Railroad
Collis P. Huntington moved to California during the gold rush.
The Sacramento hardware store he and Mark Hopkins owned
made money selling goods to miners at inflated prices.
Slide #8
The Transcontinental
Railroad
Leland Stanford also made a fortune selling supplies to
California gold miners. In 1861, he became governor of
California and later became president of the Central Pacific
Railroad.
Slide #9
The Transcontinental
Railroad
Charles Crocker also went to California in search of gold. Like
the other “Big Four”, he too struck it rich after opening a store
in Sacramento.
Slide #10
The Transcontinental
Railroad
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The Central Pacific Railroad made these four investors
some of the wealthiest men in America.
Stanford
Huntington
Hopkins
Crocker
Slide #11
Who Made it Possible?
 Key Players
◦ Theodore Judah
◦ Grenville Dodge
Railroad experts who conducted
land surveys, worked with the
government, and found
investors for railroad
Grenville Dodge
◦ Both understood the great benefits of a
transcontinental railroad
◦ Both devoted their lives to making sure the
plan was carried out
What Made it Possible?
• Pacific Railway Act
• Passed July 1, 1862
• Created Union Pacific to build road from the
East and meet the Central Pacific
• Provided companies 5 alternating plots of land
on each side of the road for each mile along the
route
• Allowed $16,000 for each mile of flat land,
$32,000 for hills, and $48,000 for mountain
terrain
• Revised in 1864 to allow companies more land
and privileges
The Game Plan
 Central Pacific Railroad
◦ Begin in Sacramento, CA
◦ Broke ground January 1863
 Union Pacific Railroad
◦ Begin in Omaha, NE
◦ Broke ground in late 1863 but no tracks laid until
1865
 Route along the 42nd Parallel
 Meeting place: Promontory Summit, UT
The Transcontinental
Railroad
Locate Promontory Point on the map below.
Slide #17
Significance of the Railroad
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Biggest and best engineering project of its time
Made the country smaller
Helped spur interest in Homestead Act
Improved communication
The beginning of the end for Native Americans
Led to other transcontinental railroads and shorter
branches
Impact of Railroads on America during the
Gilded Age
• Benefits
• Stimulated growth of other industries
(steel, iron, coal, lumber, glass)
• Helped cities grow
• Helped increase westward expansion of
America
• Standard time zones were created to get
everyone on correct time
• Corruption
• Charged much higher rates to western
farmers
• Credit Mobilier Scandal 1868
• Union Pacific
• Fake construction company
• Bribed members of Congress
• Represented corruption of period
View Corruption in Railroads
Rail Roads: B and O, Pennsylvania, Reading,
Short Line, Southern Pacific, Central Pacific
• Railroad Industry spurs
development
• Iron for Engines, and rails,
later steel
• Farms, lumber, Buffalo
Hunters
• Employment- Chinese in
West, and Irish in East
• Aids transportation,
access to raw materials
and markets, spurs
construction
• Land is granted to RR
companies in exchange
for building the RR- esp
Transcontinental RR
• Later RR will own
tremendous amount of
land and sell it to people
moving WEST
• By 1880s there are
150,000 miles of Rail
creating an national
economy.
Rail Roads continued
• Standard Time (4 zones)
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Growth of Track
1860- 52,000 miles
1870- 93,000 miles
1890- 163,000 miles
1900- 193,000 miles
• Chicago is a major rail
hub• Government paid
subsidies, $ to RR in order
to complete and aid in
Western railroad
development
• The Big 4 Famous RR
executives Stanford,
Huntington, Vanderbilt,
Crocker
Railroads Continued
• Farmers will be angry with RR for price fixing and
monopoly
• Grangers- or farmer groups push state regulations on
railroads- these laws are negated by the Interstate
Commerce Act 1887, removing any jurisdiction over
railroads by states, only the Federal Government can
regulate trade between states.
• http://www.history.com/shows/
modern-marvels/videos/lightbulb-turns-night-into-day
• http://www.history.com/topics/
inventions/thomasedison/videos
• http://www.history.com/topics/
inventions/alexander-grahambell