Transcript Beth B: Instructional PowerPoint 1st Half Civil War

THE ½ OF THE CIVIL
WAR
SA # 28 by Beth Bagley
OBJECTIVE
● Understand the important battles that
occurred in the first half of the Civil
War
o
o
o
The Battle of Fort Sumter
The First Battle of Bull Run
The Second Battle of Bull Run
CIVIL WAR BASICS
● The Civil War was started by Southern States seceding
from our union, to form their own nation.
● The Southern states seceded after Abraham Lincoln
was elected president, because he was opposed to
slavery.
● This war was one of the last fought before the modern
day technology like planes, machine guns, or metal
battle ships (with one exception).
WHO IS WHO?
VIDEO
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=25HHVDOaGeE stop at 3:30
ANALYZE THE BATTLE OF FORT SUMTER
● Where was it:
o
The battle of Fort Sumter spanned April 1214, 1861 in Charleston Harbor, South
Carolina.
FUN FACT: Fort Sumter sits on an island in the middle
of Charleston Harbor. Union forces in the fort
exchanged cannon fire with the opposing forces set up
around the harbor.
ANALYZE THE BATTLE OF FORT SUMTER
● Who was involved:
o
PGT Beauregard was the Confederate
leader
▪
o
500 men fighting
Robert Anderson was the Union Leader
▪
85 men fighting
ANALYZE THE BATTLE OF FORT SUMTER
● What occurred:
o South Carolina believed it no longer belonged to the
United States and so wanted the US Army to hand
over the fort and leave.
o Anderson refused to evacuate the fort, so Beauregard
began the attack, which lasted two days.
o Southern ships would not let Fort Sumter be
resupplied, so food, weapons and soldiers were in very
short supply.
WHAT OCCURRED: CONTINUED
o Despite shooting hundreds of shots at
each other, no soldiers were killed during
the fighting.
o Once all the Union ran out of ammunition,
Anderson surrendered the fort.
ANALYZE THE BATTLE OF FORT SUMTER
● What was the impact of the battle:
Wounded soldiers on both sides.
After the fighting was over, one (Union)
soldier died in an accident during the
ceremonial lowering of the Union flag.
o The Civil War had officially started
o President Abraham Lincoln called for at least
75,000 volunteers to fight for the Union Side
o
o
ANALYZE THE FIRST BATTLE OF BULL RUN
•
•
Where was it and who was involved:
The First Battle of Bull Run took place on July 21,
1861.
• Took place in Prince William County, Virginia, near the
town Manassas
• Also known as the First Battle of Manassas
• Irvin McDowell (for the North)
• 28,400 men fighting
• Pierre G. T. Beauregard (for the South)
• 30,800 (split up between Beauregard and Johnston)
ANALYZE THE FIRST BATTLE OF BULL RUN
• What occurred in the battle?
•The first real battle of the civil war.
• The North planned on marching to the Confederate capitol of
Richmond, VA and capturing it easily.
•Union recruits were inexperienced.
•Battle was more of back and forth failed plans on both sides, but the
Confederates had an easier time moving soldiers around by train.
This was very important.
•The South planned on using Napoleon Bonaparte's tactics in the
Battle of Austerlitz.
ANALYZE THE FIRST BATTLE OF BULL RUN
•What occurred in the battle continued:
•Neither of these plans worked very well.
•McDowell got the upper hand but then lost it
•Johnston's (Confederate) army arrived from
Harpers Ferry to reinforce Beauregard’s army.
•Inexperienced Union troops got nervous and
tried to run back to Washington, DC.
ANALYZE THE FIRST BATTLE OF BULL RUN
•What was the impact of the battle:
•Confederate victory
•The bloodiest battle up to that point in American history
•Union casualties were 460 killed, 1,124 wounded, and
1,312 missing or captured
•Confederate casualties were 387 killed, 1,582 wounded,
and 13 missing or captured
•FUN FACT: this is the battle where Jackson got the
nickname “Stonewall Jackson”
ANALYZE THE SECOND BATTLE OF BULL RUN
•Where was it and who was involved:
•The Second Battle of Bull Run took place from August
26- September 1, 1861
•Took place in Prince William County, Virginia,
near the town Manassas
•The commanders were John Pope (Union)
•62,000 men fighting
•Robert E Lee/ James Longstreet (Confederate)
•50,000 men fighting
ANALYZE THE SECOND BATTLE OF BULL RUN
•What occurred in the battle:
•The Union was in need of some serious reorganization
•The South went to the North’s supply base in Manassas;
took supplies and burned base
•South hid in the woods and waited
•Armies clashed and battled on August 29th
•The South got another reinforcement (led by James
Longstreet)
ANALYZE THE SECOND BATTLE OF BULL RUN
•What was the impact of the battle:
•Confederate victory
•North needed to undergo major reorganization
•New strategies
•Tired soldiers
•North losses:
• 1,716 killed and 8,215 wounded
•South losses:
•1,305 killed and 7,048 wounded
GAME
One representative from each
side will come up and answer
the question-each question is
worth one point- whoever has
more points at the end wins.
QUESTIONS
1. What side lost 2 men, not in combat, but
in surrender?
a.
The Union, or the North
2. Why did the South have to get to the fort
by ship?
a.
The fort was in the middle if the Charleston Harbor,
and you can’t walk on water (unless it’s solid)
QUESTIONS
1. What date did the First Battle of Bull Run
occur on?
a. The First Battle of Bull Run took place on July 21,
1861.
2. Who’s strategy did the South try to
simulate and why did it go awry?
a. Napoleon Bonaparte; they did not have enough
experience
QUESTIONS
1. Who was the Union General for the
Second Battle of Bull Run?
a. John Pope
2. Where did the Confederate Army conceal
themselves before battle?
a. In the woods near the Manassas fort.