Transcript The Civil War Begins and The Politics of War

The Civil War Begins
and The Politics of War
Chapter 11 Sections 1 and 2
Civil War begins
• Main Idea – The
secession crisis
ultimately resulted in
the American Civil
War between the
North and the South
from 1861-1865.
• The Civil War’s
Greatest Myth
Confederates Fire on Fort
Sumter
• Fort Sumter
• Anaconda Plan
Fort Sumter
• Fort Sumter – an island fort in
Charleston, South Carolina
• South Carolina demanded that
the U.S. army surrender the fort
• April 12, 1861 – South Carolina
fired on Fort Sumter, U.S. forces
surrendered
• SIG - opening confrontation of
the Civil War, led Lincoln to call
for 75,000 troops to put down
the rebellion and preserve the
Union
• caused Virginia, Arkansas, North
Carolina, and Tennessee to
secede from the Union and join
the Confederacy
• FT. Sumter
Anaconda Plan
• Anaconda Plan – Union
strategy for victory in the Civil
War
• Union navy would blockade
southern ports to prevent trade
• Union would take control of the
Mississippi River, cutting the
CSA into 2 parts
• Union armies would capture
Confederate capital of
Richmond, Virginia
• SIG – most difficult objective due
to the leadership of Robert E. Lee
- Confederate commander of the
Army of Northern Virginia who
opposed secession but felt loyalty
to his home state of Virginia
Significance
• “On to Richmond” –
Union efforts to
capture Richmond in
early in the war were
unsuccessful
• Union losses at Bull
Run, Peninsula
Campaign, Seven
Days’ Fight, 2nd Bull
Run
Lincoln and the Emancipation
Proclamation
• The Battle of
Antietam
• The Emancipation
Proclamation
Battle of Antietam
• The Battle of Antietam
– September 17, 1862
• George B. McClellan
(U.S.) vs. Robert E. Lee
(C.S.) in Maryland
• Bloodiest single day in
American History –
23,000 casualties
• SIG – Lee’s army
retreated to Virginia,
Lincoln able to issue the
Emancipation
Proclamation
• Battle of Antietam
The Emancipation
Proclamation
• The Emancipation
Proclamation – issued by
Lincoln - January 1, 1863
• Freed slaves located in
“rebelling” states (states that
had seceded and were still in
rebellion against the U.S.
government)
• Turning Point in the War
• SIG
• made the end of slavery a
Northern war aim/goal
• discouraged European powers
(like Great Britain and France)
from supporting the Confederacy
• allowed for the enlistment of
African-American soldiers in the
Union Army
•
After the Proclamation
Emancipation Proclamation
Project
• In groups of 3
• Your group will use its
creative talents to
design a poster which
shows support for
Abraham Lincoln's
Emancipation
Proclamation.
• Individually interpret
the Emancipation
Proclamation and
rewrite in your own
words.
Chapter 11 - Sections 3+4
LIFE DURING WARTIME AND THE NORTH
TAKES CHARGE
Life During Wartime and The
North Takes Charge
• Main Idea – The Civil
War brought about
dramatic social and
economic changes in
American society. Key
Northern victories such
as Vicksburg and
Gettysburg helped the
Union wear down the
Confederacy. The
North’s eventual win in
the Civil War preserved
the Union.
•
African Americans Fight for
Freedom
• Soldiers
• Slaves
African American soldiers
• African American
soldiers – allowed to
enlist following the
issuing of the
Emancipation
Proclamation
• Represented 10% of entire
Union army by the end of
the war
• Discrimination was
common
• paid less than white troops
• segregated units with white
officers
• 54th Regiment
African American Slaves
• seized opportunity
presented by the
approach of Union
armies to escape
from slavery and
achieve freedom
Soldiers Suffer on Both Sides
• Mainly due to high casualties in
battle, poor living conditions, and
disease
• Camp life – lonely, boring,
repetitive
• Lack of sanitation, poor quality food,
lack of proper medical care
• Warfare – brutal battles fought
with outdated tactics and
advanced weapons led to high
casualties
• Many soldiers were killed, even more
returned home wounded or crippled
• Many soldiers often kept wartime
diaries and sent letters home to
record the harsh realities of civil
war soldier life
Women During the Civil War
• Typically managed
homes and families
with scarce resources
• Often faced poverty
and hunger (especially
in the South)
• Assumed new roles in
agriculture, nursing
and war industries
• Clara Barton = served as
a nurse, later founded
the American Red Cross
Lincolns War Machine
• Lincolns War
Machine
The North Takes Charge
• Gettysburg
• Vicksburg
Battle of Gettysburg
• Battle of Gettysburg –
July 1-3, 1863
(Pennsylvania)
• Robert E. Lee and the Army
of Northern Virginia
invaded the North
• Union victory – Lee’s army
forced to retreat to Virginia
• 51,000 casualties in 3 days
– largest battle of the Civil
War
• SIG – turning point of the
Civil War in the Union’s
favor
Battle of Vicksburg
• Battle of Vicksburg –
July 4th, 1863
• Ulysses S. Grant
(Union) captured
Vicksburg on the
Mississippi River
• SIG – Union controlled
all of the Mississippi
River, which cut the
Confederacy in half
The Gettysburg Address
• Lincoln attended the
dedication of the national
cemetery in Gettysburg
• Gettysburg Address –
Lincoln’s 2 minute speech
• Said that the United States was
one nation, not a federation of
independent states
• After Gettysburg Address =
“United States is”
• Lincoln identified the reasons
for fighting the Civil War
• To preserve a nation that was
dedicated to the proposition that
“all men are created equal”
• To preserve a nation that was
dedicated ruled by a government
“of the people, by the people,
and for the people.”
The Confederacy Wears Down
• Lincoln made U.S. Grant the
commander in chief of Union
forces in 1864
• Grant decided to take on Lee’s
army in Virginia, while William T.
Sherman attacked Atlanta
• Sherman captured Atlanta in
September 1864
• Grant captured Richmond in April 1865
• Both Atlanta and Richmond were
destroyed
• Appomattox – April 9th, 1865
• Lee surrendered his army to U.S. Grant
– urged Southerners to accept defeat
and unite as Americans again
• SIG – marked the end of the Civil War
with a Northern victory and an end to
the Confederacy
• Surrender
The War’s Impact
• Long and costly war
concluded with:
• Northern victory =
preservation of the
Union
• Southern defeat = end
to states’ rights and
secession arguments
• Emancipation of the
slaves
• Federal government
stronger than individual
state governments
• Destruction of Southern
economy
Chapter 11 – Section 5
THE LEGACY OF THE WAR
Legacy of the War
• Main Idea – The Civil
War settled longstanding disputes
over states’ rights
and slavery.
• Legacy remains today
The War Changes the Nation
• Political
• Economical
• Social
Political Changes
• Federal government
viewed as supreme to
state governments
• Secession no longer an
option for states
Economical Changes
• Northern
• Southern
Northern Economy
• Northern and
Midwestern states had
booming economies
• Based on business,
manufacturing and
industrial growth
• Railroads were built in
increasing numbers
• Transcontinental
Railroad (from East to
West) was completed
by 1869
• Transcontinental
Railroad
Southern Economy
• Economies of
Southern states were
devastated
• Slavery was abolished,
eliminating the #1 labor
source in agriculture
• Many cities were
destroyed – including
Richmond and Atlanta
• Most railroads and
many farms were
destroyed
• Confederate money
was worthless
Social Changes
• Many veterans on
both sides had
permanent disabilities
• 13th Amendment –
abolished slavery in
the United States
War Changes Lives
• Ulysses S. Grant
• Robert E. Lee
• Frederick Douglass
• Abraham Lincoln
Ulysses S. Grant
• Urged northerners not
to be harsh with
former Confederates
• Elected President of
the United States in
1868 and 1872
• President Grant
• Advocated rights for
freedmen (former
slaves)
Robert E. Lee
• Urged southerners to
reconcile and rejoin
the Union
• Served as President of
Washington College
(now Washington and
Lee)
• Emphasized the
importance of
education to the
nation’s future
• Lee
Frederick Douglass
• Supported full equality
for African-Americans
• Encouraged federal
government to take
action that would
protect the rights of
freedmen in the South
• Advocated for the
passage of the 14th
and 15th Amendments
• Served as ambassador
to Haiti
Abraham Lincoln
• Assassinated 5 days
after Lee’s surrender
at Appomattox Court
House
• Shot by John Wilkes
Booth at Ford’s
Theatre in Washington
DC
• Assasination
• Never had a chance to
implement his plans
for Reconstruction