Ch.10 Sec.3 Autosavedx

Download Report

Transcript Ch.10 Sec.3 Autosavedx

Ch.10 Sec. 3
U.S. Expansion

 1803- Thomas Jefferson bought Louisiana purchase from
France
 1819- Spain gave up Florida to U.S.
 1846- U.S. gained part of Oregon Territory through treaty with
GB
 Nation now extended from Atlantic to the Pacific
U.S. Expansion

Manifest Destiny

 Manifest Destiny- U.S. had the right and the duty to rule N.
America from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean
 Used to justify removing Native Americans from their lands
Indian Removal Act

Allowed federal government to force Indians living
east of the Mississippi River move west
 5 civilized tribes: Creek, Choctaw, Chickasaw, Cherokee, &
Seminole
 Cherokees challenged decision but courts would not hear their
case
Trail of Tears
 Journey to OK----800 miles
 About ¼ of the Cherokees died on the trail
 Land was not as good as their native lands in the east
Andrew Jackson
President that signed the removal act
Texas Annexation

 Mexico gained independence
from Spain 1821
 Mexican gov. gave American settlers permission to move into
Texas (Mexican territory)




Did not like Mexican rule
TX revolted in 1836 & won its independence
Annexed into U.S. in 1845
Outraged Mexico (still claimed Texas)
 Mexican/American War
 U.S. defeats Mexico after 2 years of fighting
 Mexico gave U.S. large amount of land
 CA, NM, AZ, NV, CO, UT
Causes of Civil War

1. Westward Expansion
 Questions about what laws and customs (SLAVERY) should be
followed in the new western territories were raised
 People in the North & South lived completely different lives
 Both North & South wanted to extend their way of life into the
new western territories
Causes of Civil War

2. Economics
 North
 Diverse economy with both agriculture and industry
 Depended on free workers
 South
 Based around agriculture with few cash crops
(cotton)
 Relied on slave labor
Causes of Civil War

3. Slavery
 North
 felt that slavery was morally wrong
 Wanted to outlaw it in all of the new
western territories
 South
 Believed slavery was necessary for their
economy
 Wanted laws to protect slavery in the
west so that they could continue to raise
cotton on the new fertile soil
Causes of Civil War

4. Debate over rights
 Both sides debated about the rights of individual states vs.
the federal government
 South
 Politicians argued that their states had freely joined the union,
so they should be allowed to freely leave
 North
 Felt that the Constitution established the Union once and for all
Nation Divides

 Election of Abraham Lincoln- 1860
 Conflict reaches its height
 Lincoln had promised to stop the SPREAD of slavery during
his campaign
 Southern Secession
 One by one, southern states started to secede (withdraw) from
the Union
 SC- 1st state (1860)
 11 states total would secede
 Southern States formed the Confederate States of America
 President Jefferson Davis
 SC, MS, FL, AL, GA, LA, TX, VA, AR, NC, TN
Abraham Lincoln
US President
Jefferson Davis
Confederate States President
Nation Divided

War Breaks Out

 Ft. Sumter, SC- 1861
 Confederate forces fire upon a federal fort
 Lincoln ordered the federal army to bring the seceded states
back into the Union
 Civil War had begun
Advantages

North
 Industry
 Better transportation
 Railroads
 More natural resources
 Rivers, lakes, forests, etc.
 More factories
 Larger population
South
 Superior military
leadership
 Majority of war fought
on their land
Fugitive Slave Law
 What it Meant
 Any slave that escaped
to the North could be
taken back by their
master
 No trials
 Anyone helping slaves
escaped were jailed for
6 months and fined
$1,000
UNDERGROUND
RAILROAD

 Escape from slavery was
dangerous and meant
traveling on foot at night
 As time went on, African
Americans and white
abolitionists developed a
secret network of people
who would hide fugitive
slaves
 ”Conductors” would
hide runaways in
tunnels and even kitchen
cupboards
Harriet Tubman

 One of the most famous
conductors was Harriet
Tubman
 Tubman escaped slavery
and vowed to help others
do the same
 She made 19 trips back to
South and freed over 300
slaves (Including her own
parents)
UNCLE TOM’S CABIN

 In 1852, Harriet Beecher
Stowe published her
influential novel, Uncle
Tom’s Cabin
 The book stressed the
moral evil of slavery
 Abolitionist protests
increased
Lincoln’s War Strategy

 Ordered blockade for all southern ports (Anaconda Plan)
 Didn’t have the Navy to be immediately effective
 Authorized military spending before Congress approved it
(unconstitutional)
 Arrested Southern supporters and held them w/out trial
(unconstitutional)
 Seize Confederate capital in Richmond, VA.
 Bull Run




July 21, 1861
Northerners came to picnic expecting immediate victory
Union defeated
Gen. George B. McClellen chosen as commander
 Good organizer/Ineffective leader
Battle of Antietam

 Sept. 17, 1862
 Sharpsburg, Maryland
 Robert E. Lee (Confederate) vs.
George McClellan (Union)
 Bloodiest day of the war
 26,000 men killed- Thousands more
injured or died of infection
 Confederates retreated, McClellan did
not pursue them
 Lincoln fires McClellan as commander
Emancipation
Proclamation

 Emancipation Proclamation
 Made all slaves in seceded states were free
as of Jan. 1, 1863
 Did NOT end slavery!!!
 Used as a weapon for war
 Other nations stopped sending supplies to
aid the confederacy
 Changed motivations for war
1. Restore Union
2. Freed emancipated slaves
Lincoln’s Quotes

Battle of Gettysburg

 Lincoln under extreme criticism due to war
(losses/strategy)
 Gettysburg, VA
 July 2nd-4th 1863
 Battled for 3 days & nights
 Generalship, strategy, & communication
allowed union to win Battle of Gettysburg
 More lives lost in this battle than in any
American conflict to this date
 Approx. 50,000 killed- thousands more
missing, injured, or died from disease
 Turning point for the Union
 Worst mistake of the war for Lee
 Devastating loss for the south
 Never invaded the North again
Exit Slip Question
25 Points

 Pg. 325 Geography Skillbuilder #1
 Pg. 326 Geography Skillbuilder (#’s 1-2)
 Pg. 327 (3,4,7)
Gettysburg Address
DBQ’s

1. Who wrote the Gettysburg Address?
2. What proposition (idea) did Lincoln say that
our fathers had dedicated this nation to?
3. Why is Lincoln giving this speech?
4. What promise does Lincoln make to the
people in attendance o hear his Gettysburg
Address?
War Ends

 Union army executed blockade of Vicksburg, Miss.Confederate capital
 Surrender @ Appomattox Courthouse
 April 9, 1865
 General Lee formally surrendered to Ulysses S.
Grant
 Northern victory confirmed
Lincoln’s Assassination
 John Wilkes Booth





Southern sympathizer
Actor
Simultaneous assassination of Lincoln & VP-Andrew Johnson
Thought assassination would rally South into war again
 Fords Theatre- Washington D.C
 April 14
 Lincoln shot in back of the head
 Died in a motel nearby
 Manhunt
 Booth & a conspirator were caught on April 26th
 Conspirator surrendered & hung
 Booth burned alive in a barn
Reconstruction

 Union troops occupying the south
 Protect & rebuild southern infrastructure
 Segregation
 Separation of blacks and whites in the south
 After federal troops left
 African Americans faced discrimination in both North
and South
Post War Economy

 Immigration
 1870s more than 2000 per day
 1914- 20 million immigrants from Europe/Asia
 Railroads
 1862- Transcontinental railroad
 7 years
 Linked CA to eastern U.S.