Ch.10 Sec.3 Autosavedx
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Ch.10 Sec. 3
U.S. Expansion
1803- Thomas Jefferson bought Louisiana purchase from
France
1819- Spain gave up Florida to U.S.
1846- U.S. gained part of Oregon Territory through treaty with
GB
Nation now extended from Atlantic to the Pacific
U.S. Expansion
Manifest Destiny
Manifest Destiny- U.S. had the right and the duty to rule N.
America from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean
Used to justify removing Native Americans from their lands
Indian Removal Act
Allowed federal government to force Indians living
east of the Mississippi River move west
5 civilized tribes: Creek, Choctaw, Chickasaw, Cherokee, &
Seminole
Cherokees challenged decision but courts would not hear their
case
Trail of Tears
Journey to OK----800 miles
About ¼ of the Cherokees died on the trail
Land was not as good as their native lands in the east
Andrew Jackson
President that signed the removal act
Texas Annexation
Mexico gained independence
from Spain 1821
Mexican gov. gave American settlers permission to move into
Texas (Mexican territory)
Did not like Mexican rule
TX revolted in 1836 & won its independence
Annexed into U.S. in 1845
Outraged Mexico (still claimed Texas)
Mexican/American War
U.S. defeats Mexico after 2 years of fighting
Mexico gave U.S. large amount of land
CA, NM, AZ, NV, CO, UT
Causes of Civil War
1. Westward Expansion
Questions about what laws and customs (SLAVERY) should be
followed in the new western territories were raised
People in the North & South lived completely different lives
Both North & South wanted to extend their way of life into the
new western territories
Causes of Civil War
2. Economics
North
Diverse economy with both agriculture and industry
Depended on free workers
South
Based around agriculture with few cash crops
(cotton)
Relied on slave labor
Causes of Civil War
3. Slavery
North
felt that slavery was morally wrong
Wanted to outlaw it in all of the new
western territories
South
Believed slavery was necessary for their
economy
Wanted laws to protect slavery in the
west so that they could continue to raise
cotton on the new fertile soil
Causes of Civil War
4. Debate over rights
Both sides debated about the rights of individual states vs.
the federal government
South
Politicians argued that their states had freely joined the union,
so they should be allowed to freely leave
North
Felt that the Constitution established the Union once and for all
Nation Divides
Election of Abraham Lincoln- 1860
Conflict reaches its height
Lincoln had promised to stop the SPREAD of slavery during
his campaign
Southern Secession
One by one, southern states started to secede (withdraw) from
the Union
SC- 1st state (1860)
11 states total would secede
Southern States formed the Confederate States of America
President Jefferson Davis
SC, MS, FL, AL, GA, LA, TX, VA, AR, NC, TN
Abraham Lincoln
US President
Jefferson Davis
Confederate States President
Nation Divided
War Breaks Out
Ft. Sumter, SC- 1861
Confederate forces fire upon a federal fort
Lincoln ordered the federal army to bring the seceded states
back into the Union
Civil War had begun
Advantages
North
Industry
Better transportation
Railroads
More natural resources
Rivers, lakes, forests, etc.
More factories
Larger population
South
Superior military
leadership
Majority of war fought
on their land
Fugitive Slave Law
What it Meant
Any slave that escaped
to the North could be
taken back by their
master
No trials
Anyone helping slaves
escaped were jailed for
6 months and fined
$1,000
UNDERGROUND
RAILROAD
Escape from slavery was
dangerous and meant
traveling on foot at night
As time went on, African
Americans and white
abolitionists developed a
secret network of people
who would hide fugitive
slaves
”Conductors” would
hide runaways in
tunnels and even kitchen
cupboards
Harriet Tubman
One of the most famous
conductors was Harriet
Tubman
Tubman escaped slavery
and vowed to help others
do the same
She made 19 trips back to
South and freed over 300
slaves (Including her own
parents)
UNCLE TOM’S CABIN
In 1852, Harriet Beecher
Stowe published her
influential novel, Uncle
Tom’s Cabin
The book stressed the
moral evil of slavery
Abolitionist protests
increased
Lincoln’s War Strategy
Ordered blockade for all southern ports (Anaconda Plan)
Didn’t have the Navy to be immediately effective
Authorized military spending before Congress approved it
(unconstitutional)
Arrested Southern supporters and held them w/out trial
(unconstitutional)
Seize Confederate capital in Richmond, VA.
Bull Run
July 21, 1861
Northerners came to picnic expecting immediate victory
Union defeated
Gen. George B. McClellen chosen as commander
Good organizer/Ineffective leader
Battle of Antietam
Sept. 17, 1862
Sharpsburg, Maryland
Robert E. Lee (Confederate) vs.
George McClellan (Union)
Bloodiest day of the war
26,000 men killed- Thousands more
injured or died of infection
Confederates retreated, McClellan did
not pursue them
Lincoln fires McClellan as commander
Emancipation
Proclamation
Emancipation Proclamation
Made all slaves in seceded states were free
as of Jan. 1, 1863
Did NOT end slavery!!!
Used as a weapon for war
Other nations stopped sending supplies to
aid the confederacy
Changed motivations for war
1. Restore Union
2. Freed emancipated slaves
Lincoln’s Quotes
Battle of Gettysburg
Lincoln under extreme criticism due to war
(losses/strategy)
Gettysburg, VA
July 2nd-4th 1863
Battled for 3 days & nights
Generalship, strategy, & communication
allowed union to win Battle of Gettysburg
More lives lost in this battle than in any
American conflict to this date
Approx. 50,000 killed- thousands more
missing, injured, or died from disease
Turning point for the Union
Worst mistake of the war for Lee
Devastating loss for the south
Never invaded the North again
Exit Slip Question
25 Points
Pg. 325 Geography Skillbuilder #1
Pg. 326 Geography Skillbuilder (#’s 1-2)
Pg. 327 (3,4,7)
Gettysburg Address
DBQ’s
1. Who wrote the Gettysburg Address?
2. What proposition (idea) did Lincoln say that
our fathers had dedicated this nation to?
3. Why is Lincoln giving this speech?
4. What promise does Lincoln make to the
people in attendance o hear his Gettysburg
Address?
War Ends
Union army executed blockade of Vicksburg, Miss.Confederate capital
Surrender @ Appomattox Courthouse
April 9, 1865
General Lee formally surrendered to Ulysses S.
Grant
Northern victory confirmed
Lincoln’s Assassination
John Wilkes Booth
Southern sympathizer
Actor
Simultaneous assassination of Lincoln & VP-Andrew Johnson
Thought assassination would rally South into war again
Fords Theatre- Washington D.C
April 14
Lincoln shot in back of the head
Died in a motel nearby
Manhunt
Booth & a conspirator were caught on April 26th
Conspirator surrendered & hung
Booth burned alive in a barn
Reconstruction
Union troops occupying the south
Protect & rebuild southern infrastructure
Segregation
Separation of blacks and whites in the south
After federal troops left
African Americans faced discrimination in both North
and South
Post War Economy
Immigration
1870s more than 2000 per day
1914- 20 million immigrants from Europe/Asia
Railroads
1862- Transcontinental railroad
7 years
Linked CA to eastern U.S.