Transcript Battles of the Civil War - Immaculateheartacademy.org

CIVIL WAR BATTLES
Objective: What event specifically sparked the U.S. Civil War.
The Birth of the Republican Party
Democratic Party – still alive but weaker
New party – Republican Party - emerges
Who are these Republicans?
Election of 1860:
Main Candidates
Abraham
Lincoln
(Republican)
John
Breckinridge
(Southern
Democrat)
Stephen Douglas
(Northern
Democrat)
John Bell
(Constitutional
Union)
* Lincoln won the election.
Secession:
• In response to Lincoln’s victory, the southern states seceded
from the Union in 1861, forming the Confederate States of
America.
Original Confederate flag
Eventual Confederate flag
A PERSONAL VOICE WILLIAM TECUMSEH SHERMAN
“ This country will be drenched in blood. . . . [T]he
people of the North . . . are not going to let this country be
destroyed without a mighty effort to save it. . . . Besides,
where are your men and appliances of war to contend
against them? . . . You are rushing into war with one of
the most powerful, ingeniously mechanical and
determined people on earth—right at your doors. . . .
Only in spirit and determination are you prepared for war.
In all else you are totally unprepared.”
—quoted in None Died in Vain
• Jefferson Davis was
named the president
of the Confederacy.
Fort Sumter
• Fort Sumter,
South Carolina,
was important
because it
guarded
Charleston
harbor
• Therefore, the
Confederates
attacked,
defeating the
Union soldiers.
* The Civil War had now begun!
Civil War: Union v. Confederacy
Ruffin, Pvt. Edmund, Confederate soldier
who fired the first shot against Fort Sumter
Anderson, Maj. Robert, defender of Fort Sumter
Bombardment of Fort Sumter, Charleston Harbor
12 and 13, 1861
April
Fort Sumter, S.C., April 4, 1861, under the Confederate flag.
Objective: To examine the advantages, disadvantages, and strategies of both the
Union and the Confederacy.
• Who had the advantage at the start of the Civil War, the Union or the
Confederacy, and why do you think so?
Union Advantage
• large population of
22 million
Confederate
Disadvantage
• small population of 9
million, of which 1/3
were slaves
Union Advantage
• excellent railroad
system
Confederate
Disadvantage
• poor railroad
system
Audio
Excerpt:
Union and
Confederate
Advantages
Confederate Advantages
• fought a defensive war at
home
• defending their
homeland
Union Disadvantages
• The South was a huge
area to conquer.
• The North invaded
unfamiliar territory.
Strategies for Victory
Union plans:
· blockade Southern ports
· seize control of the Mississippi River, trying to split Confederacy in
two
· capture the Confederate capital of Richmond, Virginia
Confederate plans:
· To stay at home and fight a defensive war.
· The South believed that the North would quickly tire of fighting and
give up.
· The South counted on European money and supplies.
FIRST BATTLES: Objective: To examine the role of the navy and the
battles of Bull Run and Antietam.
Battle of Bull Run - Animation
· 1st Union attack on the Confederacy in July of 1861.
· The Confederates, led by
Gen. Thomas “Stonewall”
Jackson, won the battle.
SIGNIFICANCE:
*This battle showed each
side that they needed
training.
•It also showed that the war
would be long and bloody.
•Confederate moral soared
July 21, 1861 - Ruins of the Stone Bridge over which
Northern forces retreated until it was blown up by a Rebel
shell adding to the panic of the retreat, with the Federals
returning to Washington as "a rain-soaked mob."
Naval Action
· The Union blockade on Southern ports hurt the South.
· Therefore, the South created an ironclad ship called the
Merrimack to attack the Union navy.
• In response, the North created an ironclad ship called the
Monitor.
* Ironclad
ships
changed
naval
warfare
forever!
The U.S.S. Monitor was the first Union iron-clad ship. This
picture shows the deck and the turret of the U.S.S. Monitor.
USS Monitor in action with CSS Virginia, 9 March 1862
The Hunley – The world’s first submarine, designed and
used in the Civil War by the Confederacy.
Illustration of the H.L. Hunley submarine with its bowmounted spar torpedo.
Friends of the Hunley
H. L. Hunley, suspended from a crane during its recovery
from Charleston Harbor, August 8, 2000.
How did Lincoln respond to loss at Bull Run?
1. Stepping up enlistments
2. Appointed Gen. George McClellan to lead
forces near DC.
3. Increased Union fighting in west for control
of Mississippi River
4. By Feb 1862, invades Tennessee under led by
Gen. Ulysses Grant
Antietam
(Ann-Tee-Tum)
· The Confederate General
Robert E. Lee decided to
attack the Union in
Maryland, on Union soil,
in September of 1862.
· Over 23,000 Union and
Confederate troops were
killed or wounded.
Dead Confederate soldiers after the Battle of Antietam (from
Starke's Louisiana Brigade)
Lincoln with McClellan and staff after the Battle of
Antietam. Notable figures (from left) are 6. McClellan;
10. Lincoln; 16. Capt. George Armstrong Custer.
President Lincoln and Gen. George B. McClellan in the
general's tent near the Antietam battlefield, October 3, 1862.
What about foreign powers?
• Many thought because of cotton, Great Britain
would recognize confederacy as an
independent nation – this was not the case.
• South continued to pursue foreign recognition
What’s going on with the
abolitionists?
• As Jefferson Davis’s Confederacy struggled in
vain to gain foreign recognition, abolitionist
feeling grew in the North.
What was Lincolns position?
• disliked slavery, he did not believe that the
federal government had the power to abolish
it where it already existed. However, as the
war continued….