Transcript PowerPoint - Long Branch Public Schools

CHAPTER 12 SECTION 2
RECONSTRUCTING SOCIETY
CONDITIONS IN THE POSTWAR SOUTH
• UNDER CONGRESSIONAL
RECONSTRUCTION, STATE CONSTITUTIONAL
CONVENTIONS MET AND ELECTED NEW (MAINLY REPUBLICAN) GOVERNMENTS.
• 1868- ALABAMA, ARKANSAS, FLORIDA, LOUISIANA, NC, & SC REENTERED
THE UNION.
• TENNESSEE HAD ENTERED EARLIER & ALL CONFEDERATE STATES WOULD
THE UNION BY
1870
• DESPITE THIS, REPUBLICANS
CHANGES.
WERE STILL LOOKING TO MAKE ECONOMIC
REJOIN
PHYSICAL AND ECONOMIC CONDITIONS
• MOST SOUTHERN
STATES HAD TO BE PHYSICALLY REBUILT,
• GENERAL SHERMAN ESTIMATED
WHY?
HE AND HIS TROOPS CAUSED
$100 MILLION WORTH
OF DAMAGES
DURING HIS MARCH TO THE SEA.
• BURNT BUILDINGS, TWISTED RAILROAD TRACKS, & DESTROYED
BRIDGES.
• WHAT TYPE OF WARFARE IS THIS?
• SOUTHERN
PROPERTY VALUES PLUMMETED.
• THOSE WHO
INVESTED IN THE CONFEDERACY THROUGH BONDS HAD LITTLE HOPE OF GETTING THEIR
MONEY BACK.
• SOUTHERNERS
AS A WHOLE WERE MUCH POORER THAN THEY WERE AT THE START OF THE WAR.
• 1/5 OF THE SOUTH'S
WHITE MALES DIED IN THE WAR.
MANY WHO DID RETURN WERE
MAIMED FOR LIFE.
PUBLIC WORKS PROGRAMS
• SOUTHERN GOVERNMENTS BUILT ROADS, BRIDGES, & RAILROADS.
• SET UP ORPHANAGES, & INSTITUTIONS
FOR THE MENTALLY ILL AND DISABLED.
• ESTABLISHED A PUBLIC SCHOOL SYSTEM.
• ALL THESE PROGRAMS WERE AMBITIOUS
AND POSITIVE, BUT HAD ONE MAJOR
DRAWBACK.
• WHAT PROBLEMS MAY THE SOUTH ENCOUNTER WHEN SETTING UP PUBLIC
PROGRAMS,
& HOW WOULD YOU FIX THIS PROBLEM?
• PUBLIC WORKS
PROGRAMS ARE EXPENSIVE, TO HELP SOFTEN THE FINANCIAL
BURDEN, TAXES WERE RAISED.
POLITICS IN THE POST WAR SOUTH
• DIFFERENT GROUPS
• DEMOCRATS
WITHIN THE REPUBLICAN PARTY HAD CONFLICTING GOALS.
CALLED WHITE SOUTHERNERS WHO JOINED THE REPUBLICAN PARTY SCALAWAGS.
• HOPE TO GAIN VOTES FROM AFRICAN AMERICANS
• SOME VIEWED
THIS AS AN EASY WAY TO GET ELECTED, SOME VIEWED THIS AS A LEGITIMATE WAY TO REBUILD AND
INDUSTRIALIZE THE SOUTH AND TO PREVENT THE WEALTHY PLANTATION OWNERS FROM GAINING POWER AGAIN.
• DEMOCRATS CALLED NORTHERNERS
WHO MOVED SOUTH AFTER THE WAR
• THE NAME COMES FROM THE IDEA THAT NORTHERNERS
WOULD FIT IN A
CARPETBAGGERS.
TOOK SO FEW POSSESSIONS SOUTH WITH THEM THAT THEY
CARPET BAG (SMALL LUGGAGE).
• SOME BELIEVED THAT CARPETBAGGERS WERE LOOKING TO PROFIT OFF OF THE POSTWAR SOUTH.
• SOME HAD GENUINE
INTENTIONS AND WERE LOOKING TO BUY PROPERTY TO INDUSTRIALIZE THE SOUTH.
AFRICAN AMERICANS AS VOTERS
• AFRICAN AMERICANS EARNED THE RIGHT TO VOTE THROUGH THE 15TH
AMENDMENT.
• DURING RECONSTRUCTION AFRICAN AMERICAN MEN REGISTERED TO VOTE
FOR THE FIRST TIME.
• 9/10 SUPPORTED THE REPUBLICANS.
• WHY WOULD AFRICAN AMERICANS ALMOST EXCLUSIVELY SUPPORT THE
REPUBLICAN PARTY?
POLITICAL DIFFERENCES
• CONFLICTING GOALS WITHIN THE REPUBLICAN PARTY CREATED DISUNION WITHIN IT.
• FEW SCALAWAGS WERE
• MANY WOULD
COMMITTED TO THE IDEA OF CIVIL RIGHTS FOR
AFRICAN AMERICANS.
RETURN TO THE DEMOCRATIC PARTY.
• REPUBLICANS WOULD
PUT WHITE MEN IN CHARGE TO GAIN WHITE VOTES BUT IT BACKFIRED
WHEN IT DIDN’T GET MORE VOTES AND MADE
• LIFE AS A SOUTHERNER
AFRICAN AMERICANS FEEL BETRAYED.
WAS DIFFICULT AS THEY WERE RESISTANT TO THE IDEAS OF EQUAL RIGHTS
FOR BLACKS AND NORTHERNERS RUNNING THEIR EVERY DAY LIFE.
FORMER SLAVES FACE MANY CHALLENGES
• DESPITE BEING FREE, MANY AFRICAN AMERICANS WERE
• WITHOUT
AFRAID TO TRAVEL.
LAND, JOBS, MONEY, AND FEW SKILLS WHAT WOULD
AFRICAN AMERICANS DO?
• MANY MOVED TO GET AWAY FROM THE PLANTATIONS THAT SERVED AS A SYMBOL OF OPPRESSION.
• DURING THIS TIME SOME AFRICAN AMERICANS WENT
TO FIND FAMILY MEMBERS THAT HAD BEEN
SEPARATED THROUGH THE SLAVE TRADE.
• IT DIDN’T HAPPEN OFTEN BUT SHOULD A FAMILY BE REUNITED
THEY WERE ABLE TO
MARRY AND RAISE
A FAMILY WITHOUT FEAR OF HAVING MEMBERS SOLD.
• HOW WOULD
THIS MAKE YOU FEEL?
• AFRICAN AMERICANS WERE
ATTENDING SCHOOLS, THIS DID NOT SIT WELL WITH EVERYONE.
POLITICS AND AFRICAN AMERICANS
• 1865-1877, AFRICAN AMERICANS SAW GROWING
OFFICES AT LOCAL, STATE,
INVOLVEMENT IN POLITICS AND FOR THE FIRST TIME HELD
& FEDERAL LEVELS.
• BLACK POLITICIANS WERE A MINORITY DESPITE THERE BEING A LARGER NUMBER
• ONLY SOUTH CAROLINA HAD A BLACK MAJORITY IN STATE
• WHY
IS IT INTERESTING/SIGNIFICANT THAT SOUTH
OF BLACK VOTERS.
LEGISLATURE.
CAROLINA WAS THE ONLY STATE
TO HAVE A MAJORITY OF
BLACK POLITICIANS IN STATE LEGISLATURE?
• HIRAM REVELS – FIRST AFRICAN AMERICAN SENATOR (MISSISSIPPI). HELD THE SEAT THAT ONCE BELONGED TO
JEFFERSON DAVIS.
•
END OF 1866 – MOST STATES
HAD REPEALED BLACK CODES AND LAWS WERE BEING PROPOSED TO
DESEGREGATE PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION.
• 1871- TEXAS PASSES A LAW DESEGREGATING
THE RAILROADS, SEVERAL STATES WOULD FOLLOW.
SHARECROPPING AND TENNANT FARMING
• SHARECROPPING – LANDOWNERS DIVIDE THEIR LAND TO THE WORKERS AND GIVE EACH A FEW ACRES ALONG
WITH THE SUPPLIES NEEDED TO MAKE A HARVEST.
• AT HARVEST TIME, EACH WORKER GAVE UP A SHARE (USUALLY HALF) TO THE LANDOWNER, THIS SHARE PAID
BACK THE OWNER AND ENDED THE ARRANGEMENT.
• WHY MIGHT SHARECROPPING BE PROBLEMATIC FOR THE WORKERS?
• TENNANT FARMING – WORKERS WHO WOULD RENT THE LAND FROM THE LAND OWNER BUT SUPPLY THEIR OWN
TOOLS AND KEEP ALL THE HARVEST. THIS ALLOWED THE WORKER TO HAVE THE POTENTIAL TO OWN THEIR OWN
LAND ONE DAY.
• RARELY DID THE SYSTEM WORK OUT WELL AS THE TOOLS WERE OFTEN BOUGH ON CREDIT FROM MERCHANTS WHO
CHARGED INFLATED PRICES.
• FARMERS RARELY HARVESTED ENOUGH TO PAY BACK BOTH THE LAND DEBT AND THE SUPPLIES.
• WHICH SYSTEM DO YOU THINK WOULD BE MORE EFFECTIVE, WHICH WOULD YOU CHOOSE? WHY?
COTTON IS NO LONGER KING
• DURING THE WAR THE DEMAND FOR COTTON
HAD BEGUN TO DECREASE AS OTHER COUNTRIES
FOUND WAYS TO INCREASE THEIR OWN PRODUCTION.
• 1869 – COTTON 16.5 CENTS/POUND
•
LATE
1870’S – COTTON 8 CENTS/POUND
• INSTEAD OF TRYING DIFFERENT CROPS, FARMERS GREW MORE AND THE OVERSUPPLY
FURTHER
DECREASED THE PRICE.
• EVENTUALLY
WRECK.
OTHER INDUSTRIES WOULD SPRING UP BUT THE SOUTH’S ECONOMY WAS STILL A