Transcript Chapter 17 Notes - St. Ursula School

Chapter 17
Notes
Section 1 – First Steps Toward Reunion
•
•
•
•
•
First Steps Toward Reunion
Help for Freedmen
Rival Plans for the South
A New President, A New Plan
Rebellion in Congress
First Steps Toward Reunion
• The South faced staggering problems after the
war. Southern cities and farmlands lay in ruins,
and a whole new way of life had ended.
• Nearly 4 million freedman – mean and
women who had been slaves – now lived in
the South. Most had no land, no jobs, and no
education.
Help for Freedmen
• Freedmen’s Bureau
• Provide food and clothing
• Find jobs
• Provide medical care
• *Set up schools
* Charlotte Forten, a wealthy African American
from Philidelphia, devoted her life to help
African Americans through education.
Rival Plans for the South
• One plan • Reconstruction refers to the period when the
South was rebuilt, as well as to the federal
government’s program to rebuild it.
• Lincoln’s Ten Percent Plan, as it was called, a
southern state could form a new government
after ten percent of its voters swore an oath of
loyalty to the United States. The new
government had to abolish slavery,
Rival Plans for the South
• Another plan
• The Wade-Davis Bill required a majority of
white men in each southern state to swear
loyalty to the Union. It also denied the right to
vote or hold office to anyone who had
volunteered to fight for the Confederacy.
A New President, A New Plan
• Vice President Andrew Johnson became
President when Lincoln died.
• President Andrew Johnson remained loyal to
the Union when Tennessee seceded.
• President Andrew Johnson’s plan for
reconstruction was as mild as Lincoln’s Ten
Percent Plan. He dis demand that each state
ratify the Thirteenth Amendment which
banned slavery.
Rebellion in Congress
• Republicans in Congress were outraged. The
men who led the South out of the Union were
now being elected to the House and Senate.
• Nowhere in the South had African Americans
been allowed to vote.
• Republicans refused to let southern
representatives take their seats.
Section 1 Review
• Identify : reconstruction, Lincoln’s Ten Percent
Plan, Wade-Davis Bill, Freedman’s Bureau,
Charlotte Forten, Andrew Johnson, Thirteenth
Amendment
• Define: Freedman
• Name two problems the South faced after the
war.
• What did the Freedmen’s Bureau do?
• Why did Republicans refuse to seat the South’s
representatives?
Section 2 – Congress Takes Charge
•
•
•
•
•
•
A New Kind of Bondage in the South
The North Reacts
The President and the Congress Clash
Showdown
Grant Becomes President
The Fifteenth Amendment
A New Kind of Bondage in the South
• Southern legislatures passed black codes, laws
that severely limited the rights of freedman.
a) Not allowed to vote
b) Not allowed to own guns
c) Not allowed to serve on a jury
d) Allowed to legally marry
e) Allowed to own some property
The North Reacts
• Radical Republicans led the opposition to
President Andrew Jackson.
1) Thaddeus Stevens of Pennsylvania led the
Radicals in the House.
2) Charles Sumner of Massachusetts led the
Radicals in the Senate.
• The goal of Radicals was to break the power of
rich planters and to ensure that freedmen
could vote.
The President and the Congress Clash
• The Fourteenth Amendment granted
citizenship to all persons born in the United
States.
• In addition, the fourteenth Amendment
provided that any state that denied African
Americans the right to vote would have its
representation in Congress reduced.
The Radical Program
• Congress passed the first Reconstruction Act
over Johnson’s veto.
• Congress’s Reconstruction Act threw out the
southern state governments that had refused
to ratify the Fourteenth Amendment – all
former Confederate states except Tennessee.
• The Reconstruction Act also divided the South
into five military districts.
Showdown
• The House of Representatives voted to
impeach President Johnson.
• In the end, the Senate vote was 35 to 19. This
was just one vote short of the two-thirds
majority needed to remove Johnson.
Grant Becomes President
• In 1868 Republicans nominated General
Ulysses S. Grant as their candidate for
President.
• Grant was THE GREATEST UNION HERO in the
Civil War.
• About 700,000 freedmen went to the polls
and nearly all cast their vote for Grant.
The Fifteenth Amendment
• In 1869, the Fifteenth Amendment forbade
any state from denying African Americans the
right to vote.
Section 2 Review
• Identify- Radical Republicans, Thaddeus Stevens,
Charles Sumner, Fourteenth Amendment, Radical
Reconstruction, Reconstruction Act, Fifteenth
Amendment
• Define: black codes
• How did southern legislatures limit the rights of
freedmen?
• Describe the Reconstruction plan adopted by
Congress in 1867.
• Why did Republicans impeach Johnson? What
was the result?
Section 3 - The Reconstructive South
•
•
•
•
Forces in Southern Politics
White Southerners Fight Back
The Difficult Task of Rebuilding
A Cycle of Poverty
Forces in Southern Politics
• White southern Republicans were called
scalawags, a word used for small scruffy
horses, by southerners.
• Northerners who moved South after the Civil
War were called carpetbaggers by
southerners.
• Blanche K. Bruce was the first African
American to serve a full term in the Senate.
Hiram Revels served for Mississippi also.
White Southerners Fight Back
• These white southerners were known as
Conservatives.
• These white southern Conservatives were only
willing to let African Americans vote and hold
offices as long as real power remained in the
hands of the whites.
• Secret societies were formed by white
southerners. The Ku Kluz Klan, KKK, worked to
keep freedmen and white Republicans out of
office. They used violence
The Difficult Task of Rebuilding
• Reconstructive governments tried to rebuild
the South.
1) They built public schools for both black and
white children.
2) Many states gave women the right to own
property.
3) They rebuilt railroads, telegraph lines,
bridges, and roads.
• Corruption was widespread.
A Cycle of Poverty
• Sharecroppers farmed the planters’ land,
using seed, fertilizer, and tools that the
planters provided. In return they gave the
landowners a share of the crop at harvest.
• Farmers, landowners/planters, received
supplies on credit from the store owner. At
harvest the farmers had to repay the store
owner. Debts were often unpaid. Land lost.
Section 3 Review
• Identify: Blanche K. Bruce, Hiram Revels,
Conservatives, KKK
• Define: scalawag, carpetbagger, sharecropper
• What role did African Americans play in
Reconstructive governments?
• What were the two accomplishments of
Reconstructive governments? What were two
problems?
• Why did African Americans and poor whites
become sharecroppers?
Section 4 End of an Era
• Radicals in Decline
• The End of Reconstruction
• Separate but Not Equal
Radicals in Decline
• Republicans (Radicals) were also hurt by
widespread corruption in the government of
President Grant.
• Congress pardoned former confederate
officials.
• Southern whites terrorized African Americans
who tried to vote.
The End of Reconstruction
• In 1876 Reconstruction came to an end.
• The Democratic candidate Samuel Tilden
fought corruption.
• The Republican candidate Rutherford B. Hayes
privately voted to end Reconstruction.
• Hayes removed all remaining federal troops
from South Carolina, Florida, and Louisiana.
Separate but Not Equal - Part 1
• Poll taxes required voters to pay a fee each
time they voted.
• Literacy tests required voters to read and
explain a difficult part of the Constitution.
• To allow more whites to vote, states passed
grandfather clauses. If a voter’s grandfather
had been eligible to vote, the voter did not
have to pass a literacy test.
Separate but Not Equal – Part 2
• Segregation became the law in the south.
• Jim Crow Laws separated blacks and whites in
schools, restaurants, theaters, trains, streetcars,
playgrounds, hospitals, and cemeteries.
• Plessy v. Ferguson ruled that segregation was
legal as long as facilities for blacks and whites
were equal.
• The Fourteenth Amendment became the basis
for the civil rights movement 100 years later.
Section 4 Review
• Identify: Samuel Tilden, Rutherford Hayes, Jim
Crow Laws, Plessy v. Ferguson
• Define: poll tax, literacy test, grandfather
clause, segregation
• Why did Republicans lose support in the
North?
• How did Hayes gain southern Support in the
election of 1876?