Transcript Ch 17 Jarrett Russian Revolution

III. The Russian Revolution
•One of the most
important
consequences of
World War I was the
Russian Revolution
of 1917
A. The Roots of Revolution
•The Russian Tsars
(emperors) ruled as
autocrats (absolute
rulers)
•They used secret
police and strict
censorship, new ideas
were repressed.
•Most Russians were
illiterate serfs who lived
in poverty.
A. The Roots of Revolution
•Small groups of
nobles owned
thousands of serfs and
enjoyed vast wealth
•Social conditions kept
the country
economically underdeveloped.
Emancipation of the Serfs
•Crimean War, war
fought between
Russian and the
Ottoman Empire
between 1854-1856
•England and France
support Turkey and
Russia loses the war
Emancipation of the Serfs
•Tsar Alexander II
listened to reformers
and emancipated
(liberated) the serfs
(peasants) in 1861
Emancipation of the Serfs
•Tsar Alexander II
was later assassinated
which put an end to all
attempts at reform
•Freed serfs remained
landless peasants,
paying rents to their
former owners
“Autocracy, Nationality and
Orthodoxy”
•Autocracy, single
ruler “Tsar”
•Nationality, “Russian”
•Orthodoxy, “Russian
Orthodox Church”
•Russification, forcing
non-Russian people
such as Finns, and
Poles to adopt Russian
language and culture
“Autocracy, Nationality and
Orthodoxy”
•Pogroms
(officially
encouraged
persecutions
against Jews)
Prelude to the Revolution
•Russian empire
stretched from
Eastern Europe to
the Pacific Ocean
•Russia remained
backwards
•Peasants and factor
workers lived in
conditions of terrible
poverty
B. Prelude to the Revolution
•Russian empire
stretched from
Eastern Europe to
the Pacific Ocean
•Russia remained
backwards
•Peasants and factor
workers lived in
conditions of terrible
poverty
The Revolution of 1905
•Russo-Japanese
War (1904-1905)
•“Bloody Sunday”,
troops of the Tsar
trampled on unarmed
demonstrators in St.
Petersburg in 1905
•Revolutions broke out
across the country
The Revolution of 1905
•Peasants seized
lands, workers
engaged in
demonstrations and
general strikes
•Tsar Nicolas II finally
granted limited
reforms, creating an
elected legislature
known as the Duma
Nicholas II (the last
Czar)
C. The Russian Revolution of 1917
•Russia was not
prepared for war
•By 1914, Nicholas II
had brought Russia
into the war
•Poorly trained and
badly equipped
Russian soldiers
suffered disastrous
defeats
C. The Russian Revolution of 1917
•Troops were even
sent into battle without
ammunition
•Mounting defeats led
to discontent in the
army
•Russian industries
were incapable of
producing needed
weapons and supplies
C. The Russian Revolution of 1917
•On the home front,
food supplies were
dangerously low
The “February Revolution”
(March 1917)
•In 1917, worker-led
food riots broke out in
cities all across Russia
•Soldiers refused to fire
on striking workers
•Nicholas II was
powerless to govern
the nation
•TEKS History 10(D) Identify the causes of the February (March) and October
(November) revolutions of 1917 in Russia, their effects on the outcome of World War
I, and the Bolshevik establishment of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics.
The “February Revolution”
(March 1917)
•Nicholas II gave of the
throne (abdicated) and
the leaders of the Duma
declared Russia a
republic
•The provisional
government failed to win
support of the people
•TEKS History 10(D) Identify the causes of the February (March) and October
(November) revolutions of 1917 in Russia, their effects on the outcome of World War
I, and the Bolshevik establishment of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics.
The “October Revolution”
(November 1917)
•Vladimir Lenin was a
follower of Karl Marx
•Living in exile, the
Germans sent him
back to Russia, hoping
he would cause unrest
in Russia
•TEKS History 10(D) Identify the causes of the February (March) and October
(November) revolutions of 1917 in Russia, their effects on the outcome of World War
I, and the Bolshevik establishment of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics.
Lenin takes over
http://www.fbuch.com/leon.htm
The “October Revolution”
(November 1917)
•Lenin’s supporters,
known as the
Bolsheviks, promised
“Peace, Bread, and
Land” to Russian
peasants
•They seized power by
force in Nov. 1917
•TEKS History 10(D) Identify the causes of the February (March) and October
(November) revolutions of 1917 in Russia, their effects on the outcome of World War
I, and the Bolshevik establishment of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics.
The “October Revolution”
(November 1917)
•The Bolsheviks
became the
Communists
•Russia became the
Union of Soviet
Socialist Republic
(U.S.S.R.) or Soviet
Union
•TEKS History 10(D) Identify the causes of the February (March) and October
(November) revolutions of 1917 in Russia, their effects on the outcome of World War
I, and the Bolshevik establishment of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics.
The Revolution of 1917
D. The Soviet Union Under Lenin:
1917-1924
•The Communist
believed a world wide
communist revolution
was about to begin
•Lenin believed that a
small group of dedicated
party members must lead
the country along the
path to Communist
equality
D. The Soviet Union Under Lenin:
1917-1924
•Lenin argued that after
the revolution, a
“temporary dictatorship”
of party leaders was
needed because the
workers, brought up in
capitalist society, could
not be trusted to know
their own true interests
The Russian Civil War (1919-1921)
•Once in power the
Communist
immediately withdrew
from the war against
Germany
•Transferred millions
of acres of land to the
poorer peasants
The Russian Civil War (1919-1921)
•Workers were
organized to
control and
operate factories
and all industries
were nationalized
(taken over by the
government)
The Russian Civil War (1919-1921)
•A civil war followed
between the “Reds”
and “Whites”
•The “Reds” or
communists supported
Lenin’s program
•The “Whites” or
anticommunist wished
to return to the rule of
the Tsar
The Russian Civil War (1919-1921)
•The U.S. intervened
sending troops to help
the “Whites”
•The Red Army
enjoyed greater
support from peasants
and workers
•Lenin had the
Nicholas and his family
executed in cold blood
The Russian Civil War (1919-1921)
•After two years of
fighting, the Reds
defeated the Whites
•Russia had become
the world’s first
Communist country
Lenin’s New Economic Policy
•Russia’s economy
was in shambles
•By 1920, peasants
were no longer growing
enough food, since
they were afraid it
would be seized by the
government
•By 1921, a severe
famine hit Russia
Lenin’s New Economic Policy
•Lenin concluded that
the Communist policies
must be temporarily
put aside to avoid
disaster
•Lenin wanted to keep
the peasants satisfied
and keep the
Bolsheviks in power
Lenin’s New Economic Policy
•In 1921, Lenin introduced
the New Economic Policy
or “NEP” in which some
private ownership was
permitted in small-scale
manufacturing and
agriculture
•The government
continued to control major
industries
Lenin’s New Economic Policy
•The N.E.P. succeeded
slowly increasing
production
•Lenin died in 1924
•Many thought Leon
Trotsky, leader of the
Red Army would
succeed him
•Joseph Stalin
managed to gain control
TEKS
•TEKS History 1(F) Identify major causes of world wars and
their impact on political, economic and social systems…
•TEKS History 10 The student understands the causes and
impact of World War I.
•TEKS History 10(A) Identify the importance of imperialism,
nationalism, militarism and the alliance system in the cause of
World War I.
•TEKS History 10(B) Identify major characteristics of World
War I, including total war, trench warfare, modern military
technology and high casualty rates.
•TEKS History 10(C) Explain the political impact of Woodrow
Wilson’s Fourteen Points and the political and economic impact
of the Treaty of Versailles, including changes in boundaries and
the mandate system.
TEKS
•TEKS History 10(D) Identify the causes of the February
(March) and October (November) revolutions of 1917 in Russia,
their effects on the outcome of World War I, and the Bolshevik
establishment of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics.
•TEKS Geography 16(A) Locate places and regions of
historical significance directly related to major eras and turning
points in world history.
•TEKS Geography 16(C) Interpret maps, charts, and graphs to
explain how geography has influenced people and events in the
past.
•TEKS Government 20(D) Explain the significance of the
League of Nations.
•Citizenship 22(C) Identify examples of politically motivated
mass murders in … Armenia.
•Science, Technology, and Society 28(C) Explain the effects
of major new military technologies on World War I…
Territory
given
to Germany
8,500,000
Battlefield Deaths
http://www.ukans.edu/~kansite/ww_one/photos/bin13/imag1287.jpg
http://raven.cc.ukans.edu/~kansite/ww_one/photos/bin09/imag0840.jpg
5-13,000,000
Civilian Dead