Transcript Civil War Battles

Civil War
HUSH
Civil War Basics
 1861-1865
 Confederate
States of
America v.
United States of
America
 SC was the 1st
state to succeed
Importance of the Election of 1860
Showed the sectional division of
the US
 SC feared the south had lost its
influence and seceded Dec 20, 1860
 MS, AL, GA, LA, TX followed
over the next month
 Lincoln refused to recognize the
secession of the states
 Confederate States of American
(CSA) created in Montgomery, AL
Feb, 4, 1861
 Government was a combination
of US Constitution and Articles
of Confederation, each state is
absolutely sovereign
 Jefferson Davis is chosen
President and Alexander
Stephens chosen Vice President
“I hope to have God on my side but I have to have Kentucky”
-- Abraham Lincoln
4
Why were border states important?
So who had the advantage?
Advantages
North
South
Population
21.5 Million
9 Million
Railroad
21,700 Miles
9,000 Miles
Factories
110,100
20,600
Number of Soldiers 2,100,000
1,064,000
Military Leaders
5/8 Union Generals graduated
from West Point
6/6 Confederate Generals
graduated from West Point
Location of Battles
Visitor
Home Field Advantage
The CSA only needed to defend their land.
The US was on the offensive!
Union
Leaders
Name
West Point
Class Rank
Military
Experience
Graduate
Nathaniel P. Banks
No
N/A
None
Don Carlos Buell
Yes
32
MexicanWar
Ambrose B.
Burnside
Yes
18
Mexican War
Benjamin f. Butler
No
N/A
None
Samuel R. Curtis
Yes
27
Mexican War
John C. Fremont
No
N/A
None
Ulysses S. Grant
Yes
21
Mexican War
George B.
McClellan
Yes
2
Mexican War
Irvin McDowell
Yes
23
Mexican War
John Pope
Yes
17
Mexican War
Confederate Leaders
Name
West Point
Graduate
Class Rank
Military Experience
P.G.T. Beauregard
Yes
2
Mexican War
Braxton Bragg
Yes
5
Second Seminole War,
Mexican War
Thomas J. Jackson
Yes
17
MexicanWar
Albert S. Johnston
Yes
8
Black Hawk War,
Texas War for
Independence,
Mexican War
Robert E. Lee
Yes
2
Mexican War
John B. Magruder
Yes
15
Second SeminoleWar,
Mexican War
Earl C. Pemberton
Yes
27
Mexican War
Leonidas K. Polk
Yes
8
None
Fort Sumter
Fort Sumter
 April 12-14, 1861
 1st battle of the Civil War
 Union takes over Federal
fort in Confederate
territory. Confederates
were determined to take
back fort. Fort Sumter
surrendered 34 hours
later.
AR,
Union  Following battle VA,
Confederacy
NC, TN seceded Won
Lost
 http://video.pbs.org/video/1832507650/
1 causality
0 causality
Maj. Robert Anderson
Brig. Gen. P.G.T. Beauregard
FIRST BATTLE IN
THE CIVIL WAR
LINCOLN
RESPONDS WITH
FORCE
Anaconda Plan
Anaconda Plan
 3 part plan to attempt to
choke the CSA to death
Naval blockage of Southern
ports
2. Capture the Mississippi and
split the Confederacy in
half
3. Capture the Confederate
capital of Richmond, VA
1.
Antietam
Battle of Antietam, MD (Sharpsburg)
 September 16-18, 1862
 Deadliest 1 day battle in American
history, with over 26,000
casualties.
 Neither side won a victory, but
Lee retreats
 The significance of the Battle of
Antietam was that Lee’s failure to
win it encouraged Lincoln to
issue the Emancipation
Proclamation.
Emancipation
Proclamation
Union
Confederacy
Victory
Retreat
Maj. Gen. George B.
McClellan
Gen. Robert E. Lee
12,400 casualties
10,300 casualties
Battle of Antietam
September 1862
Did you know? During the Battle
of Antietam 12,401 Union men
were killed, missing or wounded;
double the casualties of D-Day, 82
years later. With a total of 23,000
casualties on both sides, it was the
bloodiest single day of the Civil War.
Abraham
Lincoln at
Antietam
Emancipation Proclamation
Emancipation Proclamation Document
Questions:
1. How did the emotional
effect of the proclamation
differ from its actual effects?
2. How did the emancipation
proclamation benefit the
Slaves free in the areasunion war effort?
of rebellion!
3. Who was freed by the
proclamation?
4. Who was not freed by the
proclamation?
5. What does the proclamation
promise to those freed?
Vicksburg
Battle of Vicksburg
 May-July 1863––Grant laid siege to
Vicksburg, MS, b/c the army that
controlled its high ground over a bend in
the Mississippi River would control
traffic on the whole river.
 Starved the people into surrender
Anaconda
After a 7-week siege, Grant achieved Plan!
one of the Union’s major strategic goals:
(siege)

Turning Point in
Confederate troops and supplies in AK, LA, and
the South/West
TX were cut off from the Confederacy.
 He gained control of the Miss. River.
 Turning point for the Western theater
 Grant gets control over entire Union
army.
Union
Confederacy
Maj. Gen. Ulysses S. Grant
Lt. Gen. John C. Pemberton
10,142 casualties
9,901 casualties
Won
Lost
Battle of Vicksburg – July 1863
Did you know? On July 4, 1863,
after 48 days of siege, Confederate
General John C. Pemberton
surrendered the city of Vicksburg to
the Union’s General, Ulysses S. Grant.
The Fourth of July was not be
celebrated inVicksburg for another
81 years.
Gen. Albert Johnson
Gen. Ulysses S. Grant
Gettysburg
 July 1863
 Lee marched north to PA, where he was
met by Union troops at Gettysburg.
 In a 3-day battle, as many as 51,000 were killed.
 deadliest battle of the American Civil War.


On July 3, General Pickett led 15,000 Confed.
Troops across open fields - Union mowed them
Turning Point
down (= "Pickett’s Charge")
for the
North…boosts
morale 
Lee failed to show GB & FR they
should assist
the Confederacy,
Gettysburg Address
 gave up attempts to invade the Union.
 TURNING POINT OF THE CIVIL WAR
 Four months later, Lincoln delivered his
Gettysburg Address at the dedication of the
Gettysburg National Cemetery.
Union
Confederacy
Maj. Gen. George G.
Meade
Gen. Robert E. Lee
Won
Lost
23,000 casualties
28,000 casualties
Gettysburg Address
One Score = 20
Four Score = ? + 7 =
87
1863 – 87 = ?
“Four score and seven years ago our fathers
brought forth on this continent, a new nation,
conceived in Liberty, and dedicated to the
proposition that all men are created
equal…That from these honored dead we take
increased devotion to that cause for which they
gave the last full measure of devotion -- that
we here highly resolve that these dead shall not
have died in vain -- that this nation, under
God, shall have a new birth of freedom -- and
that government of the people, by the people,
for the people, shall not perish from the earth.”
- Abe Lincoln
Gettysburg Address
 Lincoln shaped popular opinion in favor
of preserving the Union.
 The occasion was the dedication of a
military cemetery at the Gettysburg
battlefield 4 months after the deadly
battle
 “Four score and seven years ago.” He
spoke for just two minutes in what is
now considered one of the greatest
speeches.
 His address helped raise the spirits of
northerners. He convinced the people
that the United States was one indivisible
nation.
Second Inaugural Address
Second Inaugural Address
“With malice toward none, with charity for
all, with firmness in the right as God gives
us to see the right, let us strive on to finish
the work we are in, to bind up the nation's
wounds, to care for him who shall have
borne the battle and for his widow and his
orphan, to do all which may achieve and
cherish a just and lasting peace among
ourselves and with all nations.”
Battle of ATL
The Battle of Atlanta The March to the Sea
 July-September 1864––Union





Gen. William T. Sherman
surrounded Atlanta, Georgia, for
six weeks before capturing the city
Union wants to shut down rail
system
Sherman burned Atlanta to the
ground, and then marched to the
Atlantic Ocean, destroying the
railways, roads, and bridges along
their path.
Sign for a Northern victory
Lincoln easily won reelection
against a candidate who wanted a
truce with the Confederacy.
 Savannah fell to the Union
on Dec. 22, 1864
Sherman’s March
“I only regarded the march from Atlanta to
Savannah as a shift of base, as the transfer
of a strong army...from the interior to a
point on the sea coast, from which it could
achieve other important results. I
considered this march as a means to an
end, and not as an essential act of war. Still,
then and now, the march was regarded as
something extraordinary...; whereas, in
fact, I simply moved from Atlanta to
Savannah, as one step in the direction of
Richmond.”
Impact on Civilians
“Gen. Sherman told Mr. Cuyler that he did not
intend to leave so much as a blade of grass in
South-West Georgia, and Dr. Janes told sister that
he (Sherman) said he would be obliged to send a
formidable raid here in order to satisfy the
clamors of his army, though he himself, the fiend
Sherman, dreaded it on account of the horrors
that would be committed.What Sherman dreads
must indeed be fearful.They say his soldiers have
sworn that they will spare neither man, woman
nor child in all South-West Georgia. It is only a
question of time, I suppose, when all this will be
done. It begins to look as if theYankees can do
whatever they please and go wherever they
wish—except to heaven; I do fervently pray the
good Lord will give us rest from them there.”
Appomattox Court House
Lee Surrenders
 Lee’s Confederate Did you know? On May 13, 1865, a
 Grant’s Union
month after Lee’s surrender at
troops
troops
Appomattox, Private John J. Williams
 Well-fed and well
of the 34th Indiana became the last
 Starving and
supplied
killed in the Civil War, in a battle
clothes were rags man
at Palmito Ranch, Texas. The final
 Surrounded the
skirmish
was
a
Confederate
victory.
 Trapped
Confederate
 Forced to surrender
soldiers
at the Appomattox
 THE WAR WAS
Courthouse on
OVER!
April 9, 1865
Over 618,000 military deaths during
Civil War.
EFFECTS OF CIVIL WAR







Preservation of the Union
Abolition of slavery
Increased power to fed. gov't – killed the issue of states rights
U.S. now an industrial nation
A stronger sense of nationalism
West the lands increasingly opened to settlement  Railroads!
South was economically and physically devastated, with the
plantation system crippled...thus Reconstruction (rebuilding
the U.S.) - but a deep hatred of the North remained...
Profiles
Leaders of the Civil War
"In your hands, my dissatisfied fellow countrymen, and
not in mine, is the momentous issue of civil war. The
government will not assail you....You have no oath
registered in Heaven to destroy the government, while I
shall have the most solemn one to preserve, protect and
defend it.“ – Inaugural Address, 1861
Little political experience (served 1
term in the House of
Representatives)
•President during the war
•Main goal as president: Preserve the
UNION
•Five days after the South
surrenders, Lincoln was
assassinated.
39
Abraham Lincoln
“A House divided against itself
cannot stand” –
-- A. Lincoln
A War President
 Draft
 Martial Law
 Suspension of Habeas Corpus
 Article One, Section 9, clause 2, which demands that "The privilege of
the writ of habeas corpus shall not be suspended, unless when in cases of
rebellion or invasion the public safety may require it."
 With Congress not in session until July 1861, Lincoln
assumed all powers not delegated in the Constitution,
including the power to suspend habeas corpus.
 Basically, habeas corpus represents the legal right that a person in a free
society has to not be whisked from his or her home without reason or
cause and to not be detained or punished by the authorities without
getting a fair hearing in court and a chance of self-defense.
Ulysses S. Grant
Ulysses S. Grant
• Leader of the Union
forces later in the war
“When the Confederate commander asked for
terms, Grant replied, "No terms except an
unconditional and immediate surrender can be
accepted." The Confederates surrendered, and
President Lincoln promoted Grant to major
general of volunteers.”
• Fought predominately in
the Western Theater, will
end the war in the Eastern
Theater
• Reputation for boldness,
resourcefulness, &
persistence
• Will become the 18th
President
“When in doubt, fight”
---U.S. Grant
William T. Sherman
William Tecumseh Sherman
 Served under Grant
 Used "total war,"
 commanded the Union armies of the
West in the decisive drive from
Chattanooga to Atlanta and the famous
"march to the sea" across Georgia.
 Sherman's troops carried the war to the
Southern home front and blazed a wide
path of destruction that delivered the
death blow to the Confederacy's will and
ability to fight.
 recognized as a great strategist, a forceful
leader, and--together with Ulysses Grant
--the ablest Union general of the war.
Jefferson Davis
Jefferson Davis
 West Point graduate
 Colonel in Mexican-
American war
 Secretary of War
 Senator from Mississippi
 President of the C.S.A.
With the formation of the Confederacy, he hoped
for a high military position, and when news
arrived of his selection as provisional President,
his wife described him as "so grieved that I feared
some evil had befallen our family." Davis,
nevertheless, accepted the position, and on
February 18, 1861 was inaugurated President.
“All we ask is to be left alone”
-- J. Davis
Robert E. Lee
Robert E. Lee
• West Point Graduate
• Father was a Revolutionary War
hero
• Mexican American War veteran
• Put down John Brown’s
Harper’s Ferry Raid
• Offered command of Union
armies – denies – Will stay with
VA
• Will try to invade the North –
believes this is the only way to
win – failure twice
“It is a good thing war is so terrible; else we
should grow too fond of it” -- R.E. Lee
Stonewall Jackson
Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson
• War hero and one of the South's most
successful generals
• graduated from West Point
• fought in the Mexican War
• reputation for fearlessness and tenacity
during the Shenandoah Valley Campaign
later that same year.
• served under General Robert E. Lee for
much of the Civil War.
• Jackson was a decisive factor in many
significant battles until his wounding by
friendly fire at the age of 39 during the
Battle of Chancellorsville