Transcript reconstruction ppt 2014

Before 1877…
American Civil War from 1861-1865
 The North wanted to preserve The Union
 The South wanted to become a separate nation
 The major issues; States’ Rights and Slavery
 The South was defeated;
 1865-1877 Reconstruction Period--US govt
wanted to re-unite the US; also to re-admit and
re-build South; battles had occurred in South
 Southern way of life and economy was
destroyed;
 Also how to incorporate newly freed AfAm into
American society

American Civil War
Abraham Lincoln-POTUS 1861-1864 and
re-elected Nov.1864 and assassinated
April 14, 1865
 Jefferson Davis-CSA Confederate States
of America-President;
capital Richmond, VA
 11 Southern states
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Post ACW 1865
The southern states suffered total
destruction because the ACW had been
fought in the South
 Entire cities, farms, and businesses were
destroyed. The South’s economy had to
completely re-built.
 It would take 50 years to re-build the
South

Reconstruction 1865-1877
By 1877 all the southern states had been
re-admitted to The Union
 US govt began Reconstruction and major
effort was how to secure the CPR of
AfAm and
 How to re-unite the Union
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Civil War Amendments
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13-1865; Slavery (Involuntary Servitude)
prohibited
14-1868 US Citizenship extended to Af-Am; and
Equal Protection Clause-; govt cannot
discriminate against a group of people;
Due Process Clause of 14th Amd—All persons
are entitled to same rights and freedoms;
15-1870; Af-Am Right to Suffrage/vote
Impact of 13-14-15 Amds
13-14-15 Amds established Civil and
Political Rights for African-Americans.
The Civil War Amds are also known as;
Black Amds or Civil War Amds
African-Americans experienced 12 years
(1865-1877) of equality before losing their
Civil and Political Rights.

Black Leaders
Dr. W.E.B. DuBois--AfAm should be given
their CPR immediately; that was the law
 Dr. Booker T. Washington--AfAm should
work, live a good life and whites would
accept them into American society; get an
education and prove themselves—BTW
created Tuskegee Institute
 Dr. George Washington Carver-taught at
Tuskegee Institute 1890s
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W.E.B. DuBois

1865-1877 Reconstruction
AfAm were appointed and elected to office
in the southern states
 After the ACW two groups of whites
Scalawags and Carpetbaggers are in
control of the southern states
 Carpetbaggers
 Scalawags
 Both groups work to re-build and reconstruct the South

The Freedmen’s Bureau
Freedmen’s Bureau; US govt agency
(1867) to help poor AfAm in the South
after the ACW.
 The Freedmen’s Bureau established
black schools in the South.

The Black Codes 1865-1877
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The Black Codes were laws passed by
Southern states that limited the CPR of
African Americans. Tried to re-establish the
old Slave Codes
Black Codes prevented African Americans
from owning guns, holding public meetings,
or renting property in cities.
Black Codes were banned by 1870
Ku Klux Klan
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1866 white southerners created Ku Klux Klan.
KKK--secret society opposed to African
Americans’ CPR;
KKK used violence and intimidation to frighten
blacks to keep them from voting
Klan members wore white robes/hoods to hide
their identities.
Unfortunately the KKK murdered many Af-Am.
KKK existed until 1970s; present day groups

Hiram Revels and Blanche K. Bruce
HR was the first AfAm US Senator
 BKB was the second AfAm US Senator

Hiram Revels

1876 Presidential Election
Disputed election returns from 4 states
 A President could not be confirmed
because of the dispute
 Committee of 15 appointed 8R—7D;
 The Committee of 15 would decide who
would be President
 R-Rutherford B. Hayes
 D-Samuel J. Tilden
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Compromise of 1877
Committee of 15 selected Hayes
 Hayes then removed the Union troops
from the Southern states
 Then a group of white southernerns regained control of the southern states’ govt
which had been under the control of AfAm
and people who supported Reconstruction
 AfAm lost their CPR in 1877
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Black Disenfranchisement
 End of Reconstruction 1876-1877
 Jim Crow laws created 1877
 Blacks had to stay in separate hotels, sit
in separate parts of theaters, ride in
separate rail cars, and have separate
schools, libraries, and parks. This is
known as Segregation.
 Segregation - the legal separation of
Blacks and Whites in public places
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Methods used to deny AfAm their CPR
 Laws passed in South 1870s
 A poll tax was one method used by
southern states to prevent Af-Am from
voting.
 Another law stated an Af-Am could vote
only if their Grandfather had voted. These
laws were called the Grandfather Clause.
 Literacy Tests; required AfAm to know
how to read and write to vote
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Sharecropping the South
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How did the Poll Tax-Grandfather Clause
and the Literacy Test limit AfAm rights?
2$ to vote in MS
 Most AfAms’ Grandfathers could not vote
20-30-40 years earlier
 Slave Codes stated it was against the law
to teach a slave how to read and write; no
schools; very very few Free Person of
Color- The Barber of Natchez
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Plessy v Ferguson (1896)
 SCOTUS ruled segregation was legal in
Plessy v Ferguson.
 Court decision stated segregation was fair
as long as “separate-but-equal” facilities
were provided for African Americans.
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AfAm facilities were always separate and
unequal; Denial of CPR
Segregation was know the law of the land
AfAm were denied their CPR and it would
be 70 years (1964) before segregation
was ruled illegal
The Great Plains/Frontier/West
Prior to 1865
 Only a few traveled-fur traders and
Mountain Men
 Very few settlers moved to the West
 Cross Rocky Mountains and NAI attacked
 Dangerous and no towns/settlements
 1848-1849 Gold Rush-population increase
 No Railroads-difficult to travel
 Unknown region
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Settlers Move Westward 1865-1900
Native American Culture How was it different?
religion/traditions/food/worshipped nature
Buffalo herds and NAI cultureFactors for Migration West
Start new life after Civil War
 Own land and farm
 Adventure and economic opportunities
 Seek fame and fortune
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Homestead Act 1862
US govt gave away free land in the West
 Thousands moved
 Exodusters
 Travel
 Housing
 Conflict with NAI
 Very very difficult life on the Frontier
 Beginning of The American Dream
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Transcontinental Railroad 1869
Creation of a national economy
 Removal of the NAI
 Conflict with cattle ranchers and farmers
 Progress
 Travel across nation
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Transcontinental Railroad
Transcontinental Railroad
Union Pacific: built westward from
Omaha, NE; Irish immigrants provided labor
Central Pacific: built eastward from
Sacramento, CA; Chinese immigrants
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provided labor-most stayed in San F, CA
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completed May 1869--Met in Promontory, Utah
Wedding of the Rails—Golden Spike—cost 73$ million;
Settlements build along the tracks
What problems were associated with RR
construction
Settlers Meet Challenges of Great Plains
Immigrants, CW veterans, Exodusters, miners;
small businesses/products needed
Westward Movement; economic prosperity and
growth; National Economy created; how-why?
Technology/Inventions
Barbed Wire
 Steel materials (RR tracks)
 Levi Strauss/blue jeans
 John Deere
 Iron Plow
 Windmill
 Sod Houses
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Agriculture on the Great Plains
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New farming techniques used
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Large single-crop farms; thousands of acres
Increased supply affected prices; supply
and demand; mechanization/mass
produced crops;
 Higher RR costs and higher bank loan
rates increased farmers debt; led to
many farms going out of business
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Gilded Age 1877-1900
Characteristics
 Reconstruction and Black Life
 Western Movement
 Railroad Industry
 Immigration Urbanization
Industrialization
 Labor Unions
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Gilded Age 1877-1900
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How did each Characteristic impact and
change the USA