Transcript Reconstruction 1865-1877

Reconstruction 1865-1877
Civil war is over time to rebuild the
south
What Should Be Done with the South
• Make the south politically loyal to the Union
• Outlaw slavery
• Punish southern leadership
Rebuild the South --Reconstruction
• Rebuild the south 5 steps
• Politically
• Economically
• Legally
• Legislatively
• Culturally
confederate-flag-reenactorsGettysburg
Confederate Battle Flag
Heritage or Historic symbol of Hate
The Klan
Senate Reaction To the Confederate
Surrender
• Radical Republicans in the Senate wanted to
harshly punish southern leadership
• Trials, jail & Execution
• Confederate Col. Henry Wirz-1865
commander of Andersonville prison in
Georgia, is hanged for the murder of soldiers
incarcerated there during the Civil War.
The Ex Slaves 1865
• Before the war---Slave
• During the War-----Contraband
• After the War-----Freedmen
Who should control Reconstruction
• The President
• OR Congress
Lincoln’s Reconstruction Plan
• Outlaw slavery
• 13th Amendment 1865 – Neither slavery nor
involuntary servitude except as a punishment
for crime…shall exist within the United States.
• 10% Swear an oath to the Union
• Except high ranking confederates
Black Codes 1865-1866
• Southern politicians are creating state laws to
control & economically--enslave the
Freedmen (ex-slaves). Examples:
• Congress uses legislation to fight the Southern
politicians’ cruel & racist Black Laws (Codes)
Civil War Amendments
• 1865-1877-The Senate is controlled by Radical republicans.
• 1865-13th- outlaw slavery• 1866--14th- Equality before the law-due process of rights.
• Fight the Black Codes.
• 1870--15th-right of citizens of the United States to vote shall
not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any
state on account of race, color, or previous condition of
servitude."
Black Codes
• Southern politicians are creating state laws to
control & re-enslave the Freedmen (ex-slaves).
Examples:
• Congress uses legislation to fight the Southern
politicians’ cruel & racist Black Laws (Codes)
What Should Be Done with the South
• Punish the South but who gets punished?
• Congress declares that any state that swears
an oath to the Union and allows free elections
can re-enter the Union.
HW-Due Thursday
•
•
•
•
•
Textbook pg# 376-382 define Sec# 1Terms & names
Radical Republicans
Andrew Johnson
15th Amendment
Reconstruction
•
•
•
Pg# 383 392 Section # 2 Terms & Names
Scalawag, Sharecropping
Tenant farming
•
Pg# 401 Terms & names –All definitions
Reconstruction 1865-1877
• How to help the Freedmen (ex-slaves) succeed
as Americans.
• Education---Freedman’s Bureau 1865-1877
• Gen O.O. Howard is appointed Director
• Black Courts-Protect the Freedmen from being
harassed & Re-enslaved
• Hw today in your textbook
• Page # 382
• AND page 392
Civil War Amendments to the
Constitution
• Radical republicans
• 13th- outlaw slavery
• 14th- Equality before the law-due process of rights
• 15th-right of citizens of the United States to vote
shall not be denied or abridged by the United
States or by any state on account of race, color, or
previous condition of servitude."
President Johnson
• Pardons 13, 000 confederates
– “the white man alone must manage the South”
– Goal of Radical republicans for the newly freed
slaves
– Land
– voting rights
– protection of the law
Radical republicans
• Are outraged about Johnson’s acceptance of
former confederates serving in Congress
• March 1867-Radical republicans have 2/3
majority in Congress = over ride presidential
vetoes
• South is divided into 5 military districts
• New state constitutions for secessionist states
• March 1867-Tenure of Office Act
Map of Reconstruction districts 1867
• http://mappinghistory.uoregon.edu/english/U
S/US25-02.html
Johnson is Impeached
• Acquitted by 1 vote
Share Cropping
• Poor blacks & whites rent the land to plant
cotton
– Buy supplies, food etc., on credit & pay back the
lender with $ earned from the harvest.
– Multi generational exploitative system
– 1865-1950s
End of Reconstruction
• From 1865-1877 Reconstruction is eroded by
court rulings, the KKK, bad economy &
corruption in president Grant govt.
• 1873--Slaughterhouse cases- SC held that
States were in charge of the civil rights of
residents & not the 14th Amendment
• 1876-14th amendment did not permit the fed
govt to punish whites who oppressed blacks
Democrats redeem the south
• Compromise of 1877—Rutherford B. Hayes vs.
Samuel Tilden- Tilden won the popular vote but
was 1 vote short the # electoral votes. Southern
democrats agreed to Hayes if Reconstruction
came to an end. Hayes “wins” South returns to
home Rule
• The Klan, segregation, fear & intimidation of
blacks
• Democrats control the south
• 1964 civil rights act
The Solid South
• The “Solid South” was a political fact,
benefiting southern-Democrats for
generations and then Southern-Republicans,
with Bible Belt and racial politics ruling the
day well into the 1960’s