Transcript Presentation 12 -- With Malice Toward None With Charity

HIST 151
“With Malice Toward None,
With Charity for All”
Essay 11
“With Malice Toward None, With Charity for All”
I. Historical Interpretations of Reconstruction
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Problems of Reconstruction
1. Did the states really leave the Union?
2. Did they commit “state suicide” and should
they be treated as territories?
3. Freed slaves?
Two Views on Reconstruction
Abraham Lincoln
“With malice toward none, with charity for all,
with firmness in the right as God gives us to
see the right, let us strive on to finish the
work we are in, to bind up the nation's
wounds, to care for him who shall have borne
the battle and for his widow and his orphan,
to do all which may achieve and cherish a just
and lasting peace among ourselves and with
all nations.”
Second Inaugural Address
March 5, 1865
Thaddeus Stevens
“[T]hey are therefore dead as to all national and
political action, and will remain so until the
Government shall breathe into them the breath of
life anew and permit them to occupy their former
position. . . Dead men cannot raise themselves.
Dead States cannot restore their existence "as it
was." Unless the law of nations is a dead letter,
the late war between two acknowledged
belligerents severed their original compacts and
broke all the ties that bound them together. The
future condition of the conquered power
depends on the will of the conqueror.”
December 18, 1865
“With Malice Toward None, With Charity for All”
II. Effects of the Civil War
on the Freed Slaves
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Free to do what?
Religion – Baptist
churches
___________’sBureau
Racism and
discrimination
“With Malice Toward None, With Charity for All”
III. Presidential Reconstruction
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Lincoln – _____% Plan
1. When 10% of a state’s
population who had voted
in the 1860 election
pledge an oath of loyalty
to the US, that state could
hold elections to choose
congressmen and
senators
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Andrew Johnson
← Andrew Johnson
“With Malice Toward None, With Charity for All”
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_______-________Bill
1. Required 50% loyalty
oath
Thirteenth Amendment
1. Abolished slavery
Black Codes
←Radicals Mock Presidential
Reconstruction
13th Amendment
 Section
1. Neither slavery nor involuntary
servitude, except as a punishment for
crime whereof the party shall have been
duly convicted, shall exist within the United
States, or any place subject to their
jurisdiction.
 Section 2. Congress shall have power to
enforce this article by appropriate
legislation.
“With Malice Toward None, With Charity for All”
IV. The Legality of
Secession
 Texas v. White – 1869
 Chief Justice ________:
held that “secession was
constitutionally
impossible and that
Texas had never ceased
to be a state.”
Texas v. White (1869)
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Maintained that the Articles of Confederation
“created what was solemnly declared to be a
‘perpetual Union’; that the Constitution was ordained
‘to form a more perfect Union’; and he concluded
that: ‘The Constitution, in all of its provisions, looks to
an indestructible union, composed of indestructible
states.’ The fact that Texas, by her own efforts at
secession, had temporarily given up the rights and
privileges of membership in the Union did not alter
the fact that she could not sever the constitutional
ties which bound her to that Union.”
“With Malice Toward None, With Charity for All”
V. Radical Reconstruction
 Elections of 1866
1. President Johnson’s
“Swing Around the Circle”
2. __________ Republican
victory
 Civil Rights Bill of 1866
 Representative Thaddeus
______________
 Senator Charles Sumner
Veto Proof Majority
Party
Republican
Seats
173
Change
+37
% of Seats
77.2
Democrat
47
+9
21
Independent
2
+1
0.9
Conservative 2
+2
0.9
“With Malice Toward None, With Charity for All”
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Fourteenth
Amendment
14th Amendment
Fourteenth Amendment
Ratified in February 1868
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Made all persons born in the US citizens of the US
Overturned the ________ ________decision
Began the process of applying the Bill of Rights to the
individual states
Eliminated the ______ compromise concerning slaves
Provided for equality in voting rights
Limited political participation for those who had
participated in the rebellion against the US
Renounced the Confederate debt
Provided Congress with the authority to enforce the
amendment
Fourteenth Amendment
Ratified in February 1868
Section. 1. All persons born or naturalized in the
United States and subject to the jurisdiction
thereof, are citizens of the United States and of
the State wherein they reside. No State shall
make or enforce any law which shall abridge the
privileges or immunities of citizens of the United
States; nor shall any State deprive any person of
life, liberty, or property, without due process of
law; nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction
the equal protection of the laws.
“With Malice Toward None, With Charity for All”
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Fifteenth Amendment
15th Amendment
Ratified in 1870
 Section
1. The right of citizens of the
United States to vote shall not be denied
or abridged by the United States or by any
State on account of ________, ________,
or previous condition of servitude.
 Section 2. The Congress shall have
power to enforce this article by appropriate
legislation.
“With Malice Toward None, With Charity for All”
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Reconstruction Act of 1867
1. Military Occupation of the
South
2. Ex Parte __________
 Upheld the suspension of
habeas corpus but not in
areas (states) that upheld
the authority of the
Constitution and whose
civilian courts were in
operation
“With Malice Toward None, With Charity for All”
3. Scalawags
4. ____________
5. Ku Klux Klan
“With Malice Toward None, With Charity for All”
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Tenure of ________ Act
1. Impeachment of
Andrew Johnson
2. Trial and Acquittal in
the ___________
3. Reasons for
Impeachment
 Failure to abide by
congressional law
 Impeachment as a
political act
“With Malice Toward None, With Charity for All”
4. Reasons for Acquittal
 Disruption of coequal branches of
government
 Impeachment over
________
differences?
“With Malice Toward None, With Charity for All”
VI. Elections of 1868
 ← Republicans – Ulysses S.
______________
1. Civil War hero
2. No political experience
 ← Democrats – Horatio
______________
1. Governor of New York
2. Leading northern
opponent of Lincoln over
civil liberty violations and
emancipation
“With Malice Toward None, With Charity for All”
VII. Grant’s
Administrations
 Force Acts
 Legacy of __________
1. Gold Conspiracy
 ↑ Jay Gould
 ↓Jubilee Jim Fisk
2. Tweed Ring
3. Credit __________
4. Whiskey Ring
“With Malice Toward None, With Charity for All”
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__________ Republican
Movement
1. ← Horace ___________
 Long-time editor of the New
York Tribune
 Broke with the regular
Republican party over
corruption and scandal in
the Grant administration
(Grantism)
 “era of good stealing”
2. Election of 1872
“With Malice Toward None, With Charity for All”
III. Election of 1876, Compromise of 1877, & the
End of Reconstruction
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Slaughterhouse Cases (1873)
 Louisiana state law granting a monopoly to a
politically connected meatpacking corporation
 Court ruled in the states favor: “due process” and
“privileges and immunities” clauses of the 14th
Amendment applied only to _____________
citizenship, not _________ citizenship
 “equal protection” clause applied only to blacks
 Undermined the clear intent and plain language of
the 14th Amendment
 Delayed civil rights for blacks for 100 years
“With Malice Toward None, With Charity for All”
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Election of 1876
 ← Republicans – Rutherford
B. _____________
1. Civil War hero
2. Governor of Ohio
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← Democrats – Samuel J.
______________
1. Governor of New York
2. Prosecutor of Boss Tweed
“With Malice Toward None, With Charity for All”
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Compromise of 1877
1. Disputed electoral returns
from Louisiana, Florida, and
South Carolina
2. Electoral Count Act of 1877
 _____ member commission
 Equally divided with Justice
David Davis, a political
independent, serving as the
15th member
 Davis elected to the US
Senate from Illinois
← Joseph P. Bradley
“With Malice Toward None, With Charity for All”
3. Compromise and the
end of Reconstruction
 Hayes awarded the
presidency
 Removal of troops
from the __________
 Democratic patronage
 Southern
transcontinental
railroad
“With Malice Toward None, With Charity for All”
IX. End of
Reconstruction
 Legacy of
Reconstruction
1. Great hope and
promise
2. Moderate
achievements
3. Lost
opportunities
“With Malice Toward None, With Charity for All”
Civil War, Reconstruction, & American
Exceptionalism
 The Best
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Mayflower Compact
Winthrop’s “A Model of Christian Charity”
Declaration of Independence
Federal Constitution
Religious Revivals
Social Reform
“With Malice Toward None, With Charity for All”
 The
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Worst
Treatment of the Indians
Government corruption
Slavery
 Abraham
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Lincoln
“last best hope on earth”
“dedicated with the proposition that all men
are created equal”
Spiritual principles of the Declaration
Black Americans entitled to the fruits of their
labor
“With Malice Toward None, With Charity for All”
 Reconstruction
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Idealistic, confident, optimism
Revenge, political opportunism
Southern reaction
Northern apathy
 Pillars
of American exceptionalism provide
the guidelines to strive for American
exceptionalism