Transcript the border states

European countries would be pleased to see the US break apart
When the South left, they took control of everything they could
Lincoln was careful not to offend the border slave states
Lower South saw it as a war message
1. National debt?
2. What about territories?
3. Fugitive slaves?
Only two forts the Union still controlled:
1. Ft. Pickens--Pensacola, Florida
2. Ft. Sumter--Charleston, South Carolina
Abe Lincoln sent supplies to Ft. Sumter
The South fired
War started on April 12th, 1861
Ft. Sumter had to surrender to Confederates
Lincoln calls for 75,000 militiamen (volunteers)
and so many came they had to turn some away
South saw the call for volunteers as Lincoln waging war of aggression on the
Confederacy
Four states will secede and leave the Union
First capital of the Confederacy
Second capital of the Confederacy
The Border
States
included:
Missouri
Delaware
Maryland
West Virginia
Kentucky
Border States were slave states, but did not secede
with the South
Had a white population more than the Confederacy
Lincoln knew he had to have the Border States to win
The mountain area of Virginia didn’t want to be part
of the South, so with the help of Lincoln, they
seceded from Virginia and created West Virginia
Composed of Ohio, Indiana, and Illinois
Supported slavery , but fought for the North b/c the war was to preserve the Union
Early on Lincoln kept saying he was fighting the war to preserve the Union
Families were split apart
Example: John Crittenden of KY had two sons, one fought for the Union and the other
fought for the Confederacy
1.Fighting a defensive war
2.Didn’t have to win
3.Fighting for a way of life and selfdetermination
4.Had the best leaders
5.Southerners know how to fight
6.Indians tended to be for the South
7.Slaves were an advantage and
disadvantage
1. 3/4THS OF THE NATIONS WEALTH
2. 3/4THS OF THE NATION’S RAILROADS
3. HAD THE NAVY
4. HAD THE POPULATION
5. HAD IMMIGRANTS
6. 90% OF ARMY WAS VOLUNTEERS
7. 10% OF ARMY WILL BE BLACK
8. BEST POLITICAL LEADERS
South counted on foreign aid from England or France, but
didn’t get it
Leaders in Europe wanted South to win, but working people
wanted North to win
North stocked up on cotton and Europe started buying from
other places
King Cotton was replaced by King Wheat and King Corn b/c of
Cyrus McCormick and John Deere
Union ship stopped British ship Trent and removed 2 Confederate
diplomats
Lincoln released the diplomats saying “One war at a time”
Most famous ship the South had
Had sunk 64 Union ships
Built in England
England became the “unofficial” naval base of the
Confederacy
Two huge ships built by the British for the Confederacy
Charles Francis Adams, grandson of John Adams, found out about
this and told them if they sold them and sent them to the
Confederacy it would be war
While the North and South fight the war, France takes
over Mexico
Napoleon III sets up Maximillian on the throne of Mexico
After the war was over, we tell France to get out of
Mexico and they did
Maximillian was killed by a Mexican firing squad
1. Increased the size of the army
without Congressional approval
2. Gave $2 million from Treasury to
three private citizens to fight the
war
3. Suspended the Writ of Habeas
Corpus
4. “Supervised” voting in the Border
States
Northern Army called “Yankees”
Southern Army called “Johnny Rebs”
1. Volunteers--90%
2. Conscription or draft
1. Volunteers
2. Conscription or draft
“Robbed cradle and grave”
1. Pay out $300
2. Find replacement--in
the North they had
bounties--paid to
serve $1,000
1. Buy your way out
2. Hire a substitute
3. Slave owners with 20
or more slaves were
exempt
1. Increased taxes--tried new tax
called income tax
2. Printed money--Union money
only worth .39 cents
3. Borrowed money
1. Raise taxes
2. Print money--worth 1.6 cents per
dollar
South was devastated by the war--North more prosperous than
ever before
Civil War started an economic state called Millionaires. Most
millionaires made their money honestly, but some cheated!
Elias Howe and Isaac Singer’s invention/perfection
of sewing machine made clothes for Union soldiers
First female doctor
Helped soldiers in the North
Most famous nurse in the North
Helped start the Red Cross
Helped nurse soldiers in the
North
Famous female nurse in
the South