Transcript american nation - St. Ursula School

AMERICAN NATION
UNIT 5
CHAPTER 15THE ROAD TO CIVIL WAR
CHAPTER 16 TORN BY WAR
CHAPTER 17 REBUILDING THE NATION
Chapter 15
The Road to Civil War
1820-1861
• After many attempts at
compromise over the issue of
slavery, the North and South
went to war.
Slavery or Freedom in the West
(1820-1861)
pages 428-431
Objectives –
1. Explain why the issue of slavery flared up in
1819
2. Identify the Missouri Compromise
3. Identify the goal of the Free Soil party
Vocabulary – sectionalism, popular sovereignty
Slavery or Freedom in the West
(1820-1861)
pages 428-431
A. The Missouri Question
1. Missouri Compromise
a. (1820) Plan proposed by Henry Clay to
keep the number of slave and free states
equal
b. Imaginary line across the southern
border of Missouri at latitude 36*30’N
Slavery or Freedom in the West
(1820-1861)
pages 428-431
B. Slavery in the Mexican Cession
1. An anti-slavery plan
a. Wilmot Provisio called for a law to ban
slavery in any lands won from Mexico
2. Americans take sides
a. Sectionalism – loyalty to a state or
section rather than a whole country
Slavery or Freedom in the West
(1820-1861)
pages 428-431
B. Slavery in the Mexican Cession (continued)
3. Moderate Views
a. Popular Sovereignty – control by the
people; allowing each territory to decide
for itself whether or not to allow slavery
Slavery or Freedom in the West
(1820-1861)
pages 428-431
B. Slavery in the Mexican Cession
(continued)
4. A new political party
a. Free Soil party – political party founded
in 1848 by antislavery Whigs and
Democrats
Slavery or Freedom in the West
(1820-1861)
pages 428-431
5. The Free Soil Challenge
a. Presidential campaign 1848
1. Free Soilers – Martin Van Buren (ban on slavery)
2. Democrats – Lewis Cass of Michigan (popular
soverignty)
3. Whigs – Zachary Taylor, hero of the Mexican War
Saving the Union
1850-1852
pages 432-435
Objectives –
1. Explain why the slavery question arose again
in 1850.
2. Describe how the North and South reached a
compromise.
3. Describe how the issue of fugitive slaves
divided the North and South.
Saving the Union
1850-1852
pages 432-435
A. Seeking a Compromise
1. Clay pleads for compromise
2. Calhoun replies
3. Webster calls for unity
Saving the Union
1850-1852
pages 432-435
B. A Compromise at Last
1. Compromise of 1850
a. Agreement over slavery that admitted
California to the Union as a free state,
allowed popular sovereignty in New Mexico
and Utah, banned slave trade in Washington,
D.C., and passed a strict fugitive slave law
Saving the Union
1850-1852
pages 432-435
B. A Compromise at Last (continued)
2. Fugitive Slave Law of 1850 – law that
required all citizens to help catch runaway
slaves
C. An Antislavery Bestseller
1. Uncle Tom’s Cabin by Harriet Beecher Stowe
Bloodshed in Kansas
1850-1857
pages 436-440
Objectives –
1. Identify the events that made the issue of
slavery emerge again in 1854.
2. Explain why proslavery and antislavery forces
moved into Kansas.
3. Describe how the Dred Scott decision divided
the nation.
Bloodshed in Kansas
1850-1857
pages 436-440
A. Kansas–Nebraska Act
1. Kansas-Nebraska Act – law that divided
Nebraska into two territories and provided
for the question of slavery in territories to be
decided by popular sovereignty
2. Undoing the Missouri Compromise
3. Northern outrage
Bloodshed in Kansas
1850-1857
pages 436-440
B. Kansas Explodes
1. Rushing to Kansas
a. Border Ruffians – proslavery bands from
Missouri who battled anti-slavery forces in
Kansas
b. Divided Kansas
c. The first shots
1. Bleeding Kansas – name given to Kansas
territory due to violence over slavery
Bloodshed in Kansas
1850-1857
pages 436-440
C. Bloodshed in the Senate
1. Sumner, an abolitionist senator, singled out
Butler, a southern senator, in a speech.
Butler’s nephew, Congressman Brooks,
marched into the Senate and beat Sumner
with a heavy cane!
Bloodshed in Kansas
1850-1857
pages 436-440
D. The Dred Scott Decision (1857)
1. Dred Scott led by antislavery lawyers filed a
lawsuit for his freedom
2. A sweeping decision
a. Scott could not file a lawsuit for he was
not a citizen, slaves were property
b. Congress could not outlaw slavery
c. Missouri Compromise was illegal
3. The nation reacts
Republicans Challenge Slavery
1850-1859
pages 440-444
Objectives
1. Explain why a new political party took shape in
the mid-1850’s
2. Describe how Abraham Lincoln viewed slavery.
3. Describe how the raid on Harper’s Ferry
deepened differences between the North and
South.
Republicans Challenge Slavery
1850-1859
pages 440-444
A. The Republican Party
1. A self-starter from Kentucky
a. Abraham Lincoln, born in Kentucky,
moved to Indiana, settled in Illinois
b. Self taught after one year of schooling
c. Eight years in state legislature, one term in
Congress, ran for Senate in 1858
Republicans Challenge Slavery
1850-1859
pages 440-444
A. The Republican Party (continued)
2. “Just folks.”
a. Lincoln was honest, witty, plainspoken
Republicans Challenge Slavery
1850-1859
pages 440-444
B. The Lincoln-Douglas Campaign Trail
1. Senator Stephen Douglas, ‘Little Giant’,
private railroad car with flatcar mounted
with a brass cannon to announce his arrival
2. Lincoln traveled on the same train in a
public car
3. Lincoln followed Douglass, his opponent,
answering him speech for speech
Republicans Challenge Slavery
1850-1859
pages 440-444
B. The Lincoln-Douglas Campaign Trail (cont.)
4. Douglas speaks
a. Attacks Lincoln as a hot-headed abolitionist
b. Reminds crowd of 10,000 he believes in
popular sovereignty
5. Lincoln replies
a. Slavery is evil, all are entitled to life, liberty,
and the pursuit of happiness
Republicans Challenge Slavery
1850-1859
pages 440-444
B. The Lincoln-Douglas Campaign Trail (cont.)
6. A leader emerges
a. Douglas won the Illinois Senate race
b. Lincoln won those who believed ”if
slavery is not wrong, nothing is wrong.”
c. Two years later Douglas and Lincoln meet
again seeking the office of President
Republicans Challenge Slavery
1850-1859
pages 440-444
C. John Brown’s Raid
1. Jon Brown carried his antislavery campaign
from Kansas east to Harpers Ferry, Virginia
2. Seizing an arsenal
a. Arsenal – gun warehouse
b. General Robert E. Lee captures Brown
3. Trail and death
a. Brown is hanged as a Northern hero
The South Breaks Away
1860-1861
pages 444-447
Objectives –
1. Describe how the South reacted to Lincoln’s
victory in 1860.
2. Identify the Confederate States of America.
3. Identify the events that led to the outbreak
of the Civil War.
The South Breaks Away
1860-1861
pages 444-447
A. The Election of 1860
1. Northern Democrats - Stephen Douglas
2. Southern Democrats - John Breckinridge
3. Constitutional Union – John Bell
4. Republican – Abraham Lincoln (winner)
The South Breaks Away
1860-1861
pages 444-447
B. The Union is Broken
1. Succession
a. Secede – withdraw from the Union
1. South Carolina (1860)
2. Alabama (1861) 5. Louisiana (1861)
3. Florida (1861)
6. Mississippi (1861)
4. Georgia
7. Texas (1861)
The South Breaks Away
1860-1861
pages 444-447
C. War Comes
1. Federal Troops in the South
2. Opening shots
a. Fort Sumter, South Carolina
1. Union commander Major Robert
Anderson surrenders the fort to the
Confederacy
Chapter 16
Torn by War
1861-1865
• The Civil War between the
North and South tested the
strength of the Union.
Chapter 17
Rebuilding the Nation
(1864-1877)
• During Reconstruction, the South
slowly rebuilt, African Americans
gained new rights, and the United
States became united once more.