Transcript Morey virtual museum

Chapter 10
The Coming of the Civil War (1846-1861)
By Morey Hershgordon
Was the Civil War avoidable?
• Yes if the United States of America…
– Elected better leaders
– Established a stronger national government
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The most influential book during the time period.
Written by Harriet Beecher Stowe in 1852.
Millions of copies were sold to the US and elsewhere.
The books overall meaning is about how slavery was
very dangerous. The main character gets killed by his
owner.
• Affect- showed may people that slavery was terrible
and judging people by their skin color was very harsh.
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NORTH vs. SOUTH
• North1.
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5.
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7.
Anti-slavery
Trains
Railroads/mileage- 21,700 miles (now they could transport and
receive goods)
they had most agriculture (corn, wheat, oats tobacco)
Finance
Livestock (horses, cows, sheep)
Manufacturing (telegraph)
• South1.
2.
3.
Pro-slavery
If you were rich you would own slaves to work on your plantation
Not much financial or livestock capabilities
Annexation of Texas
• Texas wants to be annexed by the US after
declaring independence over Mexico.
• Northerners/Whigs opposed it because they felt
it would add to a slave power state.
• Many people thought that this could possibly
become a war with Mexico.
• 1845; 28th state of the union
Mexican-American War
• Come follow the integral events before,
during, and after the war.
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DKe2SFwS
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versus
Wilmont Proviso
• An agreement that would have closed California and
New Mexico to slavery as a requirement for their
annexation
• An effect after the war where an agreement was
trying to be reached
• PA Democrat David Wilmont in 1846 made this
agreement
Missouri Compromise (1820): Cause and Effects
Cause
•Louisiana Purchase.
•Admitting Missouri as a state
(proslavery or antislavery).
•Wanted to have an equal number of
slave and free states in the Union.
Effects
•Slavery would be permitted in
Missouri.
•Maine was created from northern
Massachusetts as a separate, nonslave state.
•Kept an equal number of free and
slave states in the Senate.
•Lands North of 36 degree 30’ N
latitude would be free states.
•Did not settle the problem of
whether slavery was allowed in
unorganized territories in the West.
Compromise of 1850
• After California's population grew drastically in 1850,
they wanted to be a apart of the Union as a free
state.
HENRY CLAY
John C. Calhoun
Daniel Webster
Henry Clay’s Compromise (1850)
5 laws that supported both NORTH and SOUTH.
1. Congress would not have California be a free
state.
2. Residents of Utah and New Mexico would decide
if slavery was legal.
3. Congress would put an end to selling slaves
except in Washington D.C.
4. Texas gave up its claim to New Mexico for $10
million.
5. Fugitive Slave Act- ordered all people of the US
to help return escaped slaves to their owners.
John C. Calhoun’s Compromise (1850)
• March 4, 1850- Senate gets together to hear
his opinion. (a southern view because he is
from South Carolina)
• “I have believed from the first…the subject of
slavery…would end in disunion…” (Prentice
Hall 357)
• Cause- North now had control of government
and the South could not protect itself
Daniel Webster’s Compromise (1850)
• 3 days after Calhoun’s speech, Webster says, “
… as an American…I speak for the
preservation of the Union.”
• Supported Clay’s response
• Slavery was not practical in NM
• Northern abolitionists were very disgusted
and accused him of putting financial matters
first
Decline of Whigs-why?
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There was a huge change in political parties.
Rise of the know-nothings
Slavery issue badly hurt the Whigs
Never won another Presidential election at the end
of the 1850’s
• Old issues like dividing political parties in 1830’s were
resolved
• It was a new generation of leaders in the 1850’s
• Any supporters in the 1830’s were dead or dying and
really had no say.
Rise of the Know-Nothings
• Nativism- movement to ensure that native born
Americans got better treatment than immigrants. (3
million Europeans came to America between 1846-1854)
• 1854- Nativists formed a party called the “American
Party” (this worked against Irish Catholic candidates)
• They succeeded in local elections in Northern States
• -an act in 1854 that allowed citizens of both
territories to decide if slavery was legal there
• Senator Stephen Douglas (Illinois) came up with
this agreement in January 1854
1.
2.
He wanted Kansas/Nebraska to become states as quickly as
possible so that Chicago could benefit from the expanding
West.
He wanted to become President
-Needed support from southern Democrats.
• The act was passed after 9 months of debates.
Popular Sovereignty
• Letting people in a territory decide whether or
not to allow slavery rather than letting the
Congress decide
Creation of the Republican Party
• Summer 1854- people in the North had
meetings about the Kansas-Nebraska Act, and
made a new party
• Republicans- got support from antislavery
Free Soilers, Whigs, and Democrats.
• Made up of farmers, professionals, business
owners
Bleeding Kansas/free soilers
• Free soilers- 1,200 New Englanders who were sent to
Kansas to fight against slavery
• 1855- Kansas has 2 capitals
1.
2.
Topeka- antislavery
Lecompton- proslavery
• “Bleeding Kansas”- term that described the territory
where the fights broke out. (John Brown and his sons
had raided many proslavery settlers)
Bleeding Sumner
• Charles Sumner1.
2.
3.
4.
Senator from Massachusetts
gave a speech on May 20th titled “The Crime against Kansas”
he talked “trash” about Andrew Butler
attacked Southerners for demanding slavery in territories
• Andrew Butler- Senator from South Carolina
• Preston Brooks1.
2.
3.
Andrew Butler’s nephew
Member of the House of Representatives
Beats Sumner with his cane, and Sumner never recovers from
the beating.
Election of 1856
1. James Buchanan- Pennsylvania Democrat
2. John C. Fremont- Republican
3. Millard Fillmore- American Party (former President)
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Buchanan wins by winning all of the Southern
states votes and a few from the North.
Dred Scott Decision
• One of the most controversial decisions in US history
• Dred Scott- enslaved man living in Missouri; filed a
suit against his owner.
• Cause- he and his wife lived in US in a place where
slavery was not allowed and thought they were now
free.
• Court- said ALL slaves were not citizens and could not
sue.
Effects of the Dred Scott Decision
1. Slaves could not sue in court and were not
citizens
2. Enslaved people could not win freedom by
living in a free state/territory.
3. Missouri Compromise- ruled unconstitutional
Lecompton Constitution
• Fall 1857- small proslavery group in Kansas
make a convention to get a letter written to
the Constitution about keeping the laws of
statehood.
• President Buchanan allowed the Lecompton
Constitution to pass.
Lincoln-Douglass Debates
• Abe Lincoln and Stephen Douglass were vying
in 1858 for a US Senate spot from Illinois.
• There were a total of 7 debates that took
place all throughout Illinois.
• The main topic discussed was about slavery in
territories and what should happen.
• Eventually Douglass won the election, and
Lincoln wrote in a letter “he was glad to have
taken part in the campaign”.
Lincoln-Douglass Debate
John Brown’s Raid
• October 16, 1859- John Brown attacked the federal
arsenal at Harpers Ferry, Virginia with 21 others (16
whites, 5 blacks)
• tried to seize weapons and give to slaves so that they
could defend themselves when they would revolt
• Arsenal- a place where weapons are stored and
made
• Colonel Robert Lee surrounded Brown’s men and
killed half the men (2 of Brown’s sons)
John Brown (cont’d)
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Convicted of treason
Sentenced to be hanged
He accepted his death sentence
Southerners called him a “tool of Republican
abolitionists.
The Northerners led solemn prayers on the day that he
was hung.
This even more made tensions worse between NORTH
v. SOUTH
Election of 1860 (Democrats)
• April 1860-Democratic Party had a meeting for
10 days about who they were going to elect to
run on behalf of the Democrats
• The northern state and southern states both
had different views, so they split.
• N. Democratic nominee- Stephen Douglass
• S. Democratic nominee- John C. Breckinridge
Election of 1860 (Republicans)
• Between William Seward (New York) and Abe
Lincoln (Illinois)
• Delegates were worried that Seward was too
antislavery to get Southern votes
• Choose Abraham Lincoln
Election of 1860
1. Abraham Lincoln (R. Illinois)- 180 electoral votes
2. John C. Breckinridge (D. Kentucky)- 72 electoral
votes
3. John Bell- (Constitutional Union Tennessee)- 39
electoral votes
4. Stephen Douglass (D. Illinois)- 12 electoral votes
Lower South
• Texas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama, Florida,
Georgia and South Carolina (they secede, beginning on
Dec. 20, 1860 over the next couple weeks)
• Confederate States of America- an association of
the 7 seceding Southern states, formed in 1861.
• Secessionists- people who wanted the South to
secede
• Southerners thought it was terrible that a
President could be elected without any southern
electoral votes.
Last Minute Compromises
• There were 3 “last minute compromises” that
were attempted but could not be reached.
1. Slave south line 36 30’ in North
2. All Southern states would go to peace
3. Enforce US laws and commit to stopping the
expansion of slavery.
Fort Sumter
• Many southerners were still outraged outside and
around Charleston, South Carolina.
• Fort Sumter- a federal fort on an island in
Charleston’s harbor.
• After Lincoln was inaugurated, he made a speech
that promised the SOUTH there would be no war
• April 6, 1861- Lincoln tells Gov. of South Carolina he
is sending a ship with food (no soldiers or supplies)
• April 12, 1861- South opened fire on Fort Sumter
beginning the Civil War.
Upper South
• Virginia, North Carolina, Tennessee, Arkansas
• They secede and join Lower South in the
Confederacy.
• You have just been through one of the
toughest and deadliest times in American
History.
• Hopefully you now are thrilled to learn about
the CIVIL WAR!!!