Transcript Reconstruction

Bell-work
The Emancipation Proclamation did all except
Became the crowning achievement of Lincoln’s presidency
Encouraged freedman to join the USCT
Encouraged freeman to seek revenge against slave owners
Encouraged the passage of the 13th Amendment
EQ: What were the plans for Reconstruction?
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Agenda:
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Reconstruction in a nutshell mini-lecture
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Power Notes
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Summary
Reconstruction
What will be done when the war is over? Lincoln knew it
would be a challenge as evidenced by his second
inauguration address
Reconstruction - The period following the Civil War
in which Congress passed laws designed to rebuild
the country and bring the Southern states back into
the Union.
The problem was the president and Congress had
different ideas about how it should be done!
President Abraham Lincoln
• Lincoln wanted the country to come back together peacefully.
• Lincoln’s plan was created in 1863, about two years before the end of the
war.
• At the time of his death(assassinated on April 15th, 1865) , the war was
just ending and he was not able to put his ideas into practice.
• His plan was called the 10% plan, he wanted to readmit the southern
states quickly so the plan was lenient.
The Ten Percent Plan
• 10% of voters in the seceded states must swear loyalty under oath
to the Union.
• The seceded states must abolish slavery.
Republicans in Congress
• Wanted to be more strict with the States that had rebelled.
• Wanted a State to re-enter through a slower admission process
and wanted them to be punished for secession and the war
Wade-Davis Bill
• The majority of white men from formerly Confederate states must
swear loyalty to the United States.
• The seceded states must abolish slavery.
• Former Confederate soldiers or volunteers cannot hold office or
vote.
President Andrew Johnson
• Wanted to be strict with the States that had rebelled, but ended up
making it relatively easy for them.
• This allowed for segregation of the races and Jim Crow laws
(grandfather clause, poll tax, literacy tests)
Johnson Plan
• The majority of white men from formerly Confederate states must
swear loyalty to the United States.
• Formerly Confederate states must ratify the 13th Amendment.
• Former Confederate officials may hold office and vote.
Radical Republicans
• Radical republicans, often abolitionists, represented a large
part of Congress.
• These Congressmen wanted to be strict with the States that
had rebelled.
• They also wanted to protect the newly freed slaves.
• So they passed the Civil Rights Act of 1866 granting
citizenship rights to A.A and all people (nullified by separate
but equal)
Reconstruction Act
• Formerly Confederate states must disband their state
governments.
• Formerly Confederate states must write new state
constitutions.
• Formerly Confederate states must ratify the 14th Amendment
• Formerly Confederate states must allow African Americans to
vote.
13th Amendment (1865)
Ratified in December, 1865.
Banned slavery and forced
labor except as punishment
for convicted criminals.
 Gave Congress the power
to enforce this article by
appropriate legislation
(laws)
14th Amendment
 Ratified in July, 1868.
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Provide a constitutional guarantee of the
rights and security of freed people.
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Says any person born in the US in a citizen
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Declares states may not pass laws that take
away citizen’s rights (cannot deprive life,
liberty, or property)
 Southern states would be punished for
denying the right to vote to black
citizens!
 Amendment became a tool for enforcing
Civil Rights and put the Radical’s in
charge of Reconstruction
15th Amendment
• Ratified in 1870
• It barred all states from
denying African American
males the right to vote, “on
account of race, color, or
previous condition of
servitude)
• Amendment lacked power
and states still required voters
to own property or pay a poll
tax
Rise of the KKK
• Anger about the success of free
slaves and AA entering the political
sphere led to the creation of secret
societies to terrorize AA
• The most widely known was the Ku
Klux Klan, who’s members wore
white robes with hoods
• Threatened AA voters, burned
crosses, and even torture, shoot, or
hang AA
• Congress responded with the KKK
Acts of 1870 or 1871 barred the use
of force against voters
Freedman’s Bureau
• Priority was to assist AA in transitioning from a
life of slavery to a life of freedom
• Primary goal is to provide emergency relief to
those AA displaced by the war
• Government agency ran by the Department of
War
• The Bureau helped solve everyday problems of
the newly freed slaves, such as clothing, food,
water, health care, communication with family
members, and jobs.
End of Reconstruction
• Southern states are forced to readmit under
military occupation
• Brought sweeping changes to the South both
positive and negative, it will be called the
“New South”