Transcript File - Mrs. Hess Honor`s US History and Regular

 Essential
Question:
– What factors led to the outbreak
of the Civil War & contributed to
Confederate successes from
1861 to 1863?
Section 2

Identify Northern and Southern successes and
failures in the early years of the war.
 Explain how the North’s naval blockade hurt the
South.
Fighting the Civil War
From 1861-1863, the South consistently
beat the North due to poor Union leadership
& the Southern defensive strategy
The
Civil
War
1st battle was Bull Run (Manassas, VA) on
The
U.S.
&
CSA
forces
fought
to
a
July
21,
1861;
“On
to
Richmond”
campaign
draw
at
Antietam
in
Sept
1862—the
was
repulsed
by
“Stonewall”
Jackson
single bloodiest day of the Civil War
First Battle of Bull Run


The first major battle of the Civil War was
called the First Battle of Bull Run. It was fought
in northern Virginia near a river called Bull Run.
The Confederates were victorious.
– Union troops attacked Confederate forces
led by General P.G.T. Beauregard.
– Rebels rallied under General Thomas
“Stonewall” Jackson’s reinforcement troops
and counterattacked the Yankees.
– Union army retreated back to Washington,
D.C., first in an orderly fashion and then in a
panic.
First Battle of Bull Run

The Confederate victory
shocked the North.
– Northerners realized
that the war could be a
long, hard, and costly
one.
– Abraham Lincoln
signed two bills
• One requesting a total of one
million army volunteers to serve
for three years.
• He also appointed General B.
McClellan to head the Union army
of the East called the Army of the
Potomac.
Fighting
“Total
War”
Women took
gov’t jobs
as bookkeepers,
clerks & secretaries;
Cone-shaped
bullets &A number of womenst

The
Civil
War
was
the
world’s
1
also
served
as
spies
(Rose
Greenhow,
CSA)
grooved barrel rifles
Massive
frontal
assaults
and
massed
“total
war”
in
which
the
entire
Repeatingwith
rifles
formations
as &
many as 100,000 soldiers
economy
was devoted to winning:
the
Gatling gun
–North
& South
Shrapnel,
booby
traps, drafted soldiers
& land mines
–North & South employed female
workers to meet supply demands
Women’s
most
prominentold
roletactics,
were as nurses
–New
weapons,
&
on the battlefield: distributing medical
sheer
numbers
of
troops
in
supplies, organizing hospitals, & offering
battletoled
to massive
comfort
wounded
or dyingcasualties
soldiers
http://www.civilwar.org/education/in
4/artillery.html
NOTEBOOK ASSIGNMENT #5

CREATE A DIARY ENTRY FROM A
SOLDIER AT BULL RUN.
– YOU WILL NEED TO PICK A SIDE
NORTH OR SOUTH
• WRITE ABOUT YOUR EXPERIENCE THERE
– NEEDS TO HAVE SOLDIER NAME,WHICH
SIDE YOU’RE FIGHTING FOR, LOCATION,
WHAT HAPPENED DURING FIGHTING, HOW
YOU SURVIVED, WHO DIDN’T SURVIVE,
ETC…
• HONORS 3 PARAGRAPHS 5-7 sentences each
• REGULAR 1 PARAGRAPH 5-7 sentences each
Battle of the Ironclads (1862):
CSS Virginia vs. USS Monitor
Confederate ironclad CSS Virginia was built
using the remains of the USS Merrimack
USS Monitor was a revolutionary design:
rotating turret & low profile
War at Sea


Lincoln ordered a blockade of Southern ports to prevent the South from exporting its
cotton and importing necessary supplies such as guns, ammunition, and food.
– Result-did not close off all Southern trade, but it did reduce trade by two-thirds.
– Over time the North also built more ships to better enforce the blockade.
A new era in naval warfare began when the North’s Monitor and the South’s
Merrimack, renamed Virginia, exchanged fire in March 1862.
– Both ships were wooden ships covered with thick iron plates, making them sturdy
and hard to sink.
– The Union was the victor because the Merrimack never again threatened
Northern ships.
http://www.civilwar.org/education/in
4/naval-tech.html
War in the West

The main goal of the North was to gain control of the Mississippi
and Tennessee Rivers in the west to make it hard for the South
to transport goods. The North had early victories in 1862 under
the command of Ulysses S. Grant.
– Grant captured Fort Henry on the Tennessee River in
February 1862.
– Grant also captured Fort Donelson on the Cumberland River
ten days later.
– The control of the lower Tennessee River allowed Union
troops to march into Tennessee, Mississippi, and Alabama.
– The Union victories also drove the Confederacy out of
Kentucky, a state that the South had hoped they would be
able to persuade to secede.
http://www.civilwar.org/education/
in4/war-in-the-west.html
General William Tecumseh Sherman was once asked which was his worst
experience in battle during the Civil War. Without hesitation, he replied
“Shiloh!”
 Another major battle in the West, the Battle of
War in the West
Shiloh, saw the Union win a narrow victory. A very
bloody two-day battle with 20,000 casualties on both
sides ended with Union forces gaining control of
Corinth, Mississippi, on May 30, 1862, and Memphis,
Tennessee, on June 6.
– The fighting began on April 6 when
Confederate forces led a surprise attack on
Union troops. The Confederacy drove Grant and
his troops back to the Tennessee River.
– The second day the Union forces
defeated the Confederacy with the help
of 25,000 troops from Nashville and shelling
from gunboats on the river. The
Confederacy withdrew to Corinth.
War in the West

The North won another important victory on April 25,
1862, with the capture of New Orleans, Louisiana,
under the command of David Farragut’s naval forces.
The capture meant that the Confederacy could no longer
use the Mississippi River to carry its crops to sea.
Battle
Shiloh-
War in the East


The war in the East was not as successful for the Union.
– The Union’s goal of capturing the Confederate capital of
Richmond, Virginia, was never met.
– The Southern strategy of making the North tired of fighting
seemed to be working.
Stonewall Jackson’s troops met Lee’s army and were attacked by
Pope’s troops on August 29 at Bull Run.
– The Second Battle of Bull Run was won by the Confederacy.
– http://www.civilwar.org/education/in4/the-war-in-the-east.html
Antietam

Another major battle, the Battle of Antietam occurred on
September 17.
– Both armies suffered severe losses, but neither was
destroyed.
– General Lee withdrew to Virginia, so the Union claimed victory.
Additionally Lincoln used the battle to change Northern war aims
and take action against slavery.
• Lee’s army marched into MD in September
1862, and McClellan with his 80,000 troops
moved slowly after them.
– A McClellan soldier found a copy of Lee’s orders
» McClellan knew Lee’s plans, but because he was so
cautious and acted so slowly
» Lee was able to gather his forces along the Antietam Creek.
Antietam Bloodiest single day of War


On September 17 the bloodiest day of the war saw
close to 6,000 soldiers dead or dying and another
The Union forces did not capture Richmond, the Confederate capital. General McLellan
17,000
seriously
wounded.
moved
so slowly
and cautiously
that he gave Lee, a successful commander of the Confederate
forces, time to group and attack. Northern troops lost confidence when they saw few victories.
The next
day
Lee
withdrew.
McClellan
refused
Although
the Union
claimed
victory
at the Second When
Battle of Bull
Run and did gain
back some
confidence,
great loss of life order
was difficult
overcome. Lee, Lincoln replaced
to obeytheLincoln’s
totopursue
McClellan with General Ambrose Burnside as
commander of the Army of the Potomac.
Why
was the Union
defeated in the East?
http://www.civilwar.org/education/in
4/union-leaders.html
http://www.maniacworld.com/civilwar-in-four-minutes.html
Notebook
Assignment
#9
Notebook Assignment #6 continued
 http://www.civilwar.org/education/i
n4/battlefield-death.html
Casualties of the Civil War
Mobilizing the Home Fronts
The draft was unpopular among Southern
 Both&the
North antiwar
& South
faced
governors
Northern,
“Copperheads”
problems supporting the war:
–Both sides began running out of
troops; in 1862, the North &
South began conscription (draft)
–Funding the war was difficult;
both sides printed paper money
(greenbacks) to accommodate
spending needs; led to runaway
inflation (9,000% in the South)
NOTEBOOK ASSIGNMENT #7
Composing songs has always been important to groups with a common
goal. Now write your own song/rap to inspire and unify either the North
or the South. Must be 2 verses 1 chorus
#10 Poem Analysis about life
during war
 Pick
2 poems read in your groups
and answer the questions for each
poem.