Transcript A WAR BETWEEN BROTHERS Missouri Compromise

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Establishes
36° 30
Latitude Line
as a dividing
line for Free /
Slave States.
Maine –
enters as a
Free State.
Missouri –
Slave State
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California is admitted as a free state.
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New Mexico and Utah will become territories.
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A fugitive slave law will be enforced and runaway slaves who
make it to free states must be returned to their owners.
Slaves may no longer be bought and sold in Washington D.C.
but slavery will still be legal.
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If California can be
free – Kansas &
Nebraska can be
Slave??
On January 4, 1854,
Stephen A.
Douglas, wanting
to ensure a
northern
transcontinental
railroad route that
would benefit his
Illinois
constituents,
introduced a
bill to organize
the territory of
Nebraska in
order to bring
the area under
civil control.
But southern
senators
objected; the
region lay
north of
latitude 36°30
and so under
the terms of
the Missouri
Compromise
of 1820 would
become a free
state.
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1854 – Act passed that allows Kansas
and Nebraska to decide Slave or Free by
Popular Sovereignty. Nullifies the
Missouri Compromise of 1820.
Book – published by
Harriet Beecher Stowe in
1852. Changes the way
many look at slavery in
the North and around
the World. Many slave
owners believed Stowe
was evil for publishing
such a book. Leads to
more people advocating
for the rights of slaves.
Dred Scott was a slave.
His master took him
from the slave state of
Missouri to the free state
of Illinois. Scott lived as
a slave for four years in a
free state.
Then his
master took
him back to
Missouri.
Abolitionists
thought it was
a good case to
test slavery.
Abolitionists paid for a
lawyer so Scott could sue
his master for freedom.
The case went to the
Supreme Court. On
March 6, 1857 the court
decided Scott had no
right to freedom because
he was property, not a
person, and could be
moved anywhere.
It also said it was
unconstitutional
for Congress to
limit slavery
anywhere.
John Brown and some of his
sons lead a raid on the
government arsenal at
Harpers’ Ferry
They believe that an “army of
slaves” will rise up and join
them in a revolution
After his capture, a jury finds
Brown guilty of murder,
treason, and inciting a slave
insurrection after a week of
trial and forty-five minutes
of deliberation. He was
sentenced to hang.
He was 5’ tall, born in
Vermont, then moved
to Illinois, he was a rich
political leader, lawyer,
businessman, who
made a fortune in land
speculation and
railroads.
Abraham Lincoln
an attorney from
Springfield,
Illinois, ran against
Douglas for the
Senate seat in that
state
They held a series of 7
debates where the
candidates threw insults
in the heat and cold and
rain of frontier Illinois.
The issue between them
was slavery.
Douglas portrayed Lincoln
as a fanatical
abolitionist, a black
Republican who wanted
to put slaves on equal
footing with whites.
The Candidates
1. Abraham Lincoln (Republican)
2. Stephen Douglas (Democrat – North)
3. John Breckenridge (Democrat – South)
4. John Bell (Constitutional Union
Fort Sumter: April 12, 1861
Lincoln decides to supply
Ft. Sumter, but wants the
South to fire the first
shot.
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In March, Brigadier General P.G.T. Beauregard
of the South Carolina Militia took command of
Confederate forces in Charleston. He made
repeated demands that the Union force
surrender and took steps to ensure that no
supplies from the city were available to the
defenders, whose food was running out.
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On April 6, 1861, Lincoln notified South
Carolina Governor Francis W. Pickens that "an
attempt will be made to supply Fort Sumter
with provisions only, and that if such attempt
be not resisted, no effort to throw in men, arms,
or ammunition will be made without further
notice, [except] in case of an attack on the fort."
In response, the Confederate cabinet decided to
open fire on Fort Sumter in an attempt to force
its surrender before the relief fleet arrived.
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On news of Lincoln's election, South Carolina
(site of nullification fight in 1830s) secedes
Secede: To break away from
•South Carolina was the first state to secede from
the Union
•Their reasoning was the election of a President
“whose opinions and purposes are hostile to
slavery”
•Six other states follow in secession and they
formed the. . .
Confederate States of America
The Confederacy writes a constitution and elects
Mississippi senator Jefferson Davis as their
president
ADVANTAGES
Commitment
ADVANTAGES
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Population
 Keeping slavery meant
 22 million vs. 9 million
everything to the South
More Resources
they were fighting for
 Nations coal and iron came
survival
from Union mines.
 Strong military tradition
 Factories + Immigrants=
 Robert E. Lee
more ammunition, arms,
 “With all my devotion to the
uniforms, medical supplies,
Union, and the feeling of
and railroad cars
loyalty and duty of an
Navy
American citizen, I have not
been able to make up my
 Naval blockade prevented
mind to raise my hand
merchant vessels from
against my relatives, my
entering or leaving the south
children, my home. I have
RUINED ECONOMY
therefore resigned my
commission in the army and
Established Government
save in defense of my native
 The leadership of Abraham
state…. I hope I may never be
Lincoln
called upon to draw my
sword”
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Location
Known as the Union
Leaders:
President – Abraham Lincoln
Leading Generals – George
McClellan
Ulysses S. Grant
Known as the
Confederacy or the
Confederate States of
America.
Leaders:
President – Jefferson Davis
Leading General – Robert
E. Lee
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Lincoln avoided the
slavery issue to not lose
BORDER STATESMissouri, Kentucky,
Delaware, and Maryland
He is quoted to say “I
believe I have no lawful
right to (free the slaves),
and I have no inclination
to do so.”
His number one goal was
to protect the union
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September 22, 1862
Issued as a military decree, it freed all enslaved
people in states still in rebellion January 1, 1863
It was a war tactic, and a dramatic turning point in
the war
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SUV
kXthLz4w
Confederate Victories
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Bull Run
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Armies meet in Virginia
General “Stonewall” Jackson
gets his nick name refusing to
back down
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Series of battles
Confederate keeps Virginia
Battle of Chancellorsville
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Devastating to the Union
Stone Wall Jackson died
Lee’s army pushes into
Northern Soil
Battle of Antietam
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Seven Days
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Union Victories
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The bloodiest single day of
the Civil War
Gave Lincoln the momentum
to release the Emancipation
Proclamation
Battle at Vicksburg
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Along the Mississippi River
Grant is the Hero
Placed Vicksburg under siege
Siege- military tactic in which
an army surrounds,
bombards, and cuts off all
supplies to an enemy position
Lasted over a month
The Road to Gettysburg: 1863
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Battle lasted three days
Confederates took the first day
Union won the battle and forced the
Confederates to retreat
The confederates would never again attempt to
fight on union soil
Lincoln delivered the Gettysburg address to
honor the dead
Confirms that the
goals of the Union
are to preserve the
nation and fulfill the
Declaration of
Independence.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BvA
0J_2ZpIQ
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General Robert E. Lee surrendered to General
Grant at Appomattox Courthouse on April 9,
1865.
The terms of surrender guaranteed that the
United States would not prosecute Confederate
soldiers for treason.
Lincoln gave a speech in which he explained
his plan for restoring the Southern states in the
Union.
Surrender at Appomattox
April 9, 1865
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It left more than 600,000 Americans dead
Economy
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Began to heal years of disunity between the
North and South
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The North continued to flourish
The South was destroyed
Instead the economic, political, and social life of the
regions began to intertwine
Made Federal government strong