Transcript Chapter 5: Alabama at War

Presentation by Tara Green
“ALABAMA: The History, Geography, Economics,
and Civics of an American State”
Chapter 5: Alabama at War
VOCABULARY
1.Sectionalism
2.Tariff
3.Secede
4.Orator
5.Unionist
6.Draft
7.Foundries
8.Garrison
9.Blockade runners
10.Inaugurated
Chapter 5: Alabama at War
VOCABULARY
SectionalismWhen one region
believes its needs and
culture are better
than another region’s
needs or culture
Chapter 5: Alabama at War
VOCABULARY
TariffA tax on
goods shipped
into the
United States
Chapter 5: Alabama at War
VOCABULARY
SecedeTo withdraw
or separate
from
Chapter 5: Alabama at War
VOCABULARY
OratorA person who
gives speeches
Chapter 5: Alabama at War
VOCABULARY
UnionistSoutherners
who supported
the North during
the Civil War
Chapter 5: Alabama at War
VOCABULARY
DraftA process of
randomly
selecting men
to fight in a
war
Chapter 5: Alabama at War
VOCABULARY
FoundriesFactories
where metals
are cast and
molded
Chapter 5: Alabama at War
VOCABULARY
GarrisonA military
post or fort
Chapter 5: Alabama at War
VOCABULARY
Blockade
RunnersMen who
broke through
blockades to
sneak
supplies into
a port
Chapter 5: Alabama at War
VOCABULARY
InauguratedFormally sworn
into office
Chapter 5: Alabama at War
Lesson 1
pages 140-145
OUTCOME:
Students will be able
to design a
Confederate flag that
depicts Alabama’s
view on sectionalism,
slavery, states’ rights,
and economic
disagreement, which
were the reasons for
Alabama’s secession.
• ALCOS #7. Identify reasons for
Alabama’s secession from the union,
including sectionalism, slavery,
states’ rights, and economic
disagreements.
– Identify Alabama’s role in the
organization in the organization of the
Confederacy.
Chapter 5: Alabama at
War
Lesson 1
pages 140-145
BEFORE ACTIVITY:
Think about a team or group that you are a
part of or have been in the past. You may have
been on a cheer squad, sports team, dance
competition group, choir, a band, church youth
group, etc.
What are some of the advantages to being a
part of a team or group?
Think, Turn, & Talk
Share with your group
Chapter 5: Alabama at
War
Lesson 1
pages 140-145
BEFORE ACTIVITY:
Think about a team or group that you are a
part of or have been in the past. You may have
been on a cheer squad, sports team, dance
competition group, choir, a band, church youth
group, etc.
What are some of the disadvantages to being a
part of a team or group?
Think, Turn, & Talk
Share with your group
Chapter 5: Alabama at
War
Lesson 1
pages 140-145
BEFORE ACTIVITY:
Think, Turn, & Talk
Think about a team or group that you are a
part of or have been in the past. You may have
been on a cheer squad, sports team, dance
competition group, choir, a band, church youth
group, etc.
If you were going to quit a team or group,
would it be a quick decision or one that would
take some thought? Why?
Share with your group.
Chapter 5: Alabama at
War
Lesson 1
pages 140-145
BEFORE ACTIVITY:
Think, Turn, & Talk
What is the importance of our country’s
name?
The UNITED States
Be ready to share your thoughts
Chapter 5:
Alabama at War
CLOSE READ:
page 141 paragraph 1
Read along while
your teacher reads
aloud
About the time Alabama
became a state in 1819, the
differences between the southern
and northern states began to
increase. The South depended upon
agriculture, while manufacturing and
commerce were important to the
North. Most of the issues between
the North and South involved
politics and slavery.
Chapter 5:
Alabama at War
CLOSE READ:
page 141 paragraph 1
Read the
paragraph again
silently, but think
about the meaning
of the underlined
words.
About the time Alabama
became a state in 1819, the
differences between the southern
and northern states began to
increase. The South depended upon
agriculture, while manufacturing and
commerce were important to the
North. Most of the issues between
the North and South involved
politics and slavery.
Chapter 5:
Alabama at War
CLOSE READ:
page 141 paragraph 1
With your group,
replace as many of
the underlined words
with as possible with
a synonym. Then
reread the paragraph
with your group
members to better
understand the text.
About the time Alabama
became a state in 1819, the
differences between the southern
and northern states began to
increase. The South depended upon
agriculture, while manufacturing and
commerce were important to the
North. Most of the issues between
the North and South involved
politics and slavery.
•
Alabama at War :
Conflict between the North and South
Chapter 5 Lesson 1
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About the time Alabama became a state (1819), the
differences between the northern and southern states
increased.
Most of the issues between the North and South involved
politics and slavery. The South depended on agriculture
(farming). Manufacturing (making) and commerce (buying and
selling) were important to the North. These differences were
called sectionalism.
After the American Revolution ended in 1783, northern states
had abolished (ended) slavery.
North- commerce and manufacturing was based on wages
(money paid). Free workers received money for their labor,
even though they were paid very little..
South- commercial agriculture relied on slavery. Planters
believed that only slavery could provide enough labor to make
agriculture a money making business. They did not believe a
wage system would work.
Those who opposed (didn’t agree with) slavery were called
abolitionists. Ministers were very active in opposing slavery.
Alabama at War :
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Conflict between the North and South
Chapter 5 Lesson 1
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When goods were shipped into the United States from Europe,
a tariff (tax) had to be paid. The North and South also
disagreed on this issue:
▪South-opposed (didn’t agree with) the tariff because
they feared it would raise the cost of imported goods.
They also feared that the North would begin to tax
their exported goods, especially cotton.
The North and South also disagreed on the issue of states’
rights:
▪South-believed that the Constitution gave each state
the right to decide issues for itself. Southern states
couldn’t decide if they wanted slavery or not.
▪North-believed that all U.S. citizens should all obey
the same federal laws.
The North and South became more and more divided.
Southern states began to think about seceding, or leaving the
Union and forming their own nation.
Abraham Lincoln was elected President of the United States in
1860. He opposed slavery. After his election, South Carolina
voted to leave the Union (secede). Alabama seceded on
January 11, 1861.
THE CONFEDERATE GOVERNMENT
Alabama at War :
Conflict between the North and
South
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Chapter 5 Lesson 1
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On February 4, 1861, delegates from southern states met in
Montgomery to organize a new nation. Alabama’s capital,
Montgomery, became the 1st capital of the Confederate States
of America.
11 states were eventually part of the Confederacy
The delegates wrote a constitution and elected Mississippi
senator, Jefferson Davis, as president.
Davis was inaugurated on the steps of the Alabama capitol.
Today there is a large bronze star where he stood to be sworn
in as president of the Confederacy.
Today the house where Davis and his wife Varina lived is
located across from the capitol. It was moved from its original
location near the Alabama River.
Montgomery: Capital of the Confederacy
Alabama at War :
Conflict between the North and
South
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Chapter 5 Lesson 1
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The Confederate states decided to meet in Montgomery
because it was a central location. It was also a center of strong
support for the South and the Confederacy. Montgomery’s
population doubled after the Confederate government came to
town.
The new Confederate government wanted to fly a flag over the
Alabama capitol before Lincoln became president, so they
created a committee to select a new flag.
They selected a design known as “the Stars and Bars”. It was
made of wool and sewn in Montgomery.. It had only 7 stars
because at that time there were only 7 states in the CSA
(Confederate States of America). This was not the same flag as
the famous Confederate battle flag we know of today.
When Virginia seceded, some people wanted the capital
moved there because it was near Washington D.C. and had
good railroads. It was also the home of the nation’s founding
father, George Washington.
Secretly, the Confederate congress met and voted to make
Richmond, Virginia, the capital, and voted to meet there on
July 21, 1861.
Alabama at War :
Conflict between the North and
South
Chapter 5 Lesson 1
Lesson Review Questions
(page 145)
1. Why did most southerners believe that slavery
was necessary?
2. Why did southern states oppose a tariff?
3. Why did northern states disagree with the idea
of states’ rights?
4. Where was Abraham Lincoln born?
5. Who was the 1st president of the Confederacy?
6. What was the 1st capital of the Confederacy?
Alabama at War :
Conflict between the North and
South
Chapter 5 Lesson 1
ANSWERS
(pages 141-145)
1. Most southerners believed that slavery was
necessary because planters felt that only slavery
could provide enough labor to make agriculture
profitable.
2. Southern states opposed a tariff because they
feared it would raise the cost of imported goods
and worried that the North would begin to tax
their exported products, especially cotton.
3. Northern states disagreed with the idea of
states’ rights because they believed that all U.S.
citizens had to obey federal laws.
4. Abraham Lincoln was born in Kentucky, which
was a slave state.
5. The 1st president of the Confederacy was
Jefferson Davis.
6. The 1st capital of the Confederacy was
Montgomery Alabama.
Alabama at War :
Conflict between the North and South
Chapter 5 Lesson 1
ACTIVITY
1. Imagine that you were on the committee to design a new flag for
the Confederate States of America and discuss with your group all the
ideas and beliefs of the southern states.
2. Your group will be given a piece of paper. Fold it in half (hamburger
style) and label the left side “The Confederate Flag” and the right side
“Symbols and Explanation”.
3.Complete the left side by using all space given to design a
confederate flag. This must be original and creative. On the right side,
explain what each symbol and color means. Your explanation must be
specific and demonstrate your group’s knowledge of what
southerners actually believed during this time period.
Chapter 5: Alabama at War
Lesson 2
pages 147- 163
OUTCOME:
• ALCOS #7. Identify reasons for
Alabama’s secession from the union,
including sectionalism, slavery,
states’ rights, and economic
disagreements.
Students will be able
– Identify Alabama’s role in the
to distinguish between
organization in the organization of the
Confederacy.
the views/advantages
of the Confederate
• ALCOS #8. Explain Alabama’s role in
states and the United
the economic support of the Civil
States.
War.
– Explain the resulting economic
conditions of the Civil War, including the
collapse of economic structure,
destruction of the transportation
infrastructure, and high casualty rates.
Chapter 5: Alabama at
War
Lesson 2
pages 147-155
BEFORE ACTIVITY:
GROUP BRAINSTORM
GROUP BRAINSTORM:
On your post it, list all the
ideas/facts you remember
from yesterdays lesson.
Choose a group member
to report to the class.
Alabama at War :
Conflict between the North and South
•
Chapter 5 Lesson 2
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When the Confederacy began to form a government,
they designed a currency (form of money) and began
building an army and navy. Because there were no
factories in the south that made weapons, they had to
begin building them.
Many men went off to war. Alabamians were confident
that the war wouldn’t last long…but they were wrong!
Neither side really wanted war or to fire the 1st shot,
but when southerners demanded a surrender from the
northerners at Fort Sumter and they refused,
Confederate troops fired. On April 13, 1861, the South
fired upon the American flag and the Civil War began.
People even disagreed on what to call the war-War of
Northern Agression (South), Mr. Lincoln’s War (South),
War of the Rebellion (North), War for the Union
(North), War Between the States, the Civil War
(Historians gave this name even though there was
nothing “Civil” about it).
Alabama at War :
North’s Advantages
Conflict between the North and South
Chapter 5 Lesson 2
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double the amount of people
more industry and manufacturing
more railroads
had ships and a navy that could
blockade southern ports
could raise a large army
was well established
had banks with gold reserves
grew more food (South mainly grew
cotton and tobacco)
the South had many slave soldiers
which may revolt and fight against the
South
some Unionists (people supporting the
Union) lived in the South
Alabama at War :
Conflict between the North and South
Chapter 5 Lesson 2
South’s Advantages
• most battles were fought on southern
land, so southerners were fighting for
their homes and on familiar land
• southern boys often attended military
schools
Alabama at War :
Alabama in the War
Conflict between the North and South
Chapter 5 Lesson 2
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Alabama played a very important role in the
Confederate war effort. Alabama sent
approximately 90,000 men and boys to serve in
the Confederate armies.
Many Alabamians (including women) became
heroes:
1. Emma Sansom-showed Confederate general
Nathan Bedford Forrest where to cross Black
Creek to catch federal raiders.
2. Juliet Opie Hopkins- left her home in Mobile to
go to the Virginia front and establish hospitals to
nurse wounded men.
3. Kate Cummings-went to the Shiloh battlefield in
Mississippi as a nurse.
Alabama at War :
Conflict between the North and South
Chapter 5 Lesson 2
• Alabama regiments did win a
few battles, but many soldiers
met death on the battlefields
throughout the war.
• The greatest number of lives
were lost during the war
because of disease. Many men
were wounded, hungry, and
caught diseases such as
typhoid, dysentery, and
gangrene.
Alabama at War :
Conflict between the North and South
Chapter 5 Lesson 2
• Selma became a major munitions
center for the Confederacy. They
produced cannons, small arms, and
gunpowder.
• Mobile was important because its
port allowed supplies to be imported
with the help of blockade runners
(daring men that used fast ships to
slip around the northern ships and
bring in guns, medicines, and other
needed supplies). Eventually, the
north was able to stop the runners
and also prevent cotton from being
shipped to England.
Alabama at War :
Conflict between the North and South
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Chapter 5 Lesson 2
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During war, life was very hard for everyone.
Things that were imported from other placed
were greatly missed (sewing needles, salt, coffee,
sugar, shoes, and cloth).
Women had to learn to make hats from leaves,
reuse old clothing, spin and weave clothing, dye
fabrics with plants, make black shoe polish, knit
socks and sweaters, and knit blankets for
soldiers. Eventually, the Confederate could no
longer give uniforms to its soldiers.
When men left to fight in the war, women and
children were left alone. Planters who owned a
large amount of land did not have to leave their
plantation to fight in the war so that the slaves
wouldn’t rebel and leave the plantation.
A rich man could pay a man to go and serve in
the army in his place.
Alabama at War :
Conflict between the North and South
Chapter 5 Lesson 2
• In 1862, the Confederate government began
to force men into the army (a draft). By
1863, the war was not as popular as it had
been in 1861. Food supplies were running
out and life was difficult.
• President Lincoln issued the Emancipation
Proclamation on January 1, 1863. This freed
all slaves. This may have weakened the
South’s war effort.
• Blacks fought in the Civil War on both sides.
Free blacks and runaway slaves joined the
Union army and navy. In the South, some
slaves went to fight as servants for their
masters. Some former slaves gave aid to
northern troops when they invaded
Alabama.
Alabama at War :
Conflict between the North and
South
Chapter 5 Lesson 2
Lesson Review Questions
(page 163)
1. Who fired the 1st shot in the Civil War?
2. What advantages did the North have when the
Civil War began?
3. What were some of the items southerners had to
do without during the Civil War?
4. How did the war affect the lives of southern
women and children?
Alabama at War :
Conflict between the North and
South
Chapter 5 Lesson 2
1.
2.
3.
4.
ANSWERS
The South fired the 1st shot in the Civil War on
Fort Sumter.
Some of the North’s advantages when the Civil
War began were more soldiers, more
manufacturing and industry, more railroads, an
army and navy, more gold reserves, and more
food supplies.
Some of the items southerners had to do
without during the Civil War were coffee, sugar,
salt, sewing needles, new shoes, and cloth.
The war affected the lives of southern women
and children by leaving them alone on
plantations and farms in Alabama.
Alabama at War :
Conflict between the North and South
Chapter 5 Lesson 2a
AFTER ACTIVITY
On your own, use your presentation notes,
glossary, and textbook to complete Chapter
5 Activity 1 & 3
Alabama at War :
Conflict between the North and South
Chapter 5 Lesson 2
FROM THE HOMEFRONT
• Women who had slaves to work on their
farms had food to eat, but many other
women and children had a difficult time
raising enough food.
• The men in the army were constantly
worrying about their families back home.
They wrote letters telling their wives to
depend on their trusted slaves, raise all the
food they could, and not to spend any
money.
• If there were no slaves at home, many men
would send their wives and children to live
with parents or other family members.
Alabama at War :
Conflict between the North and South
Chapter 5 Lesson 2
• As the war continued into its 3rd year, many
people were starving in Alabama. Store
supplies were sold out, gold coins and
federal money had disappeared,
confederate money wasn’t worth very
much, so people had to barter (trade) to get
what they needed.
• Alabama countryside was unsafe.
Confederate deserters rode the roads in
gangs, Confederate troops would demand
supplies, Federal troops invaded on a few
occasions, and Union raiders would cut
railroad lines, destroy iron furnaces, and
disrupt society.
Alabama at War :
Conflict between the North and South
Chapter 5 Lesson 2
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The Battle of Mobile Bay
August 1864, Admiral David G. Farragut(U.S.
navy) guided his flagship, the Hartford, and 18
other ships between the guns of Fort Gaines
and Fort Morgan and into Mobile Bay.
Inside Mobile Bay, his men met the
Confederate forces led by Admiral Franklin
Buchannan in command of the Tennessee.
The Hartford(Union ship) was wooden and the
Tennessee (Confederate ship) was an ironclad
ship that was designed to withstand cannon
fire. The Confederate (South) forces were
outnumbered but fought until the Tennessee’s
smokestack and steering gear were destroyed.
The North now controlled Mobile Bay, but
they didn’t have enough troops to capture the
city of Mobile until the following Spring.
Alabama at War :
Conflict between the North and South
Chapter 5 Lesson 2
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Wilson’s Raid
March 1865, General James H. Wilson (Union) led 3
Calvary divisions, 15,000 troops, in one last raid into
Alabama.
He crossed the Tennessee River and moved south to
Jasper, then went to Elyton(Jefferson County county
seat), sent another group to Tuscaloosa to burn the
University of Alabama and furnaces, rode south
through Montevallo, and then headed to Selma to
destroy the naval arsenal and Confederate
manufacturing there.
Confederate General Nathan Bedford Forrest was in
charge of defending Selma against Wilson and his men.
General Forrest had about 3,000 poorly armed and
untrained men to defend the city.
Wilson’s troops (Union) had new repeating rifles that
could be fired 7 times before reloading. The
Confederate troops had single shot rifles that had to be
reloaded each time they were fired.
TURN and TALK to your group members and make a prediction based
on the information you have just learned.
What do you think happened in Selma?
Alabama at War :
Conflict between the North and South
Chapter 5 Lesson 2
Wilson’s Raid
• Forrest and his men were not able to hold
off the Union forces. Selma was captured by
Wilson! As Wilson moved toward
Montgomery, he learned that Richmond
had also been captured and the leading
Confederate general, Robert E. Lee, had
surrendered to U.S. general Ulysses S.
Grant.
• The surrender was signed at Appomattox Courthouse in
Virginia on April 9, 1865.
• The war was almost over…but there was 1
battle left.
Alabama at War :
Conflict between the North and South
Chapter 5 Lesson 2
The Battle of Blakeley:
The Last Major Battle of the War
• April 9, 1865, 13,000 Union troops under
General Frederick Steele marched the
heavily fortified fort on the Tensaw River
near Mobile, Fort Blakeley. Along with
Spanish Fort, Blakeley was one of the
reasons the Union forces had not been able
to take over Mobile. Once these forts were
taken over, Union troops moved into
Mobile.
• The Mobile garrison surrendered on May5,
1865.
• The war was over, but for Alabama the next
few years would be very difficult.
Alabama at War :
Conflict between the North and South
Chapter 5 Lesson 2
ACTIVITY
1. With a group member, partner read the article in your Alabama History
Textbook on page 161. “Frances Hobbs: She Quilted Her Petticoats with
Gold and Jewels”
2. After all group members have read the article, discuss the events that
occurred in this article about Frances Hobbs. Also, divide her incredible
story into 6 events. Your group should list these events on a sheet of
notebook paper and use them to complete the next step in the activity.
3.Each student will receive a strip of paper. Fold the paper so that there
are 6 boxes. Outline these 6 boxes by drawing lines with your pencil. You
will be creating a comic strip displaying the incredible act of bravery
demonstrated by Frances Hobbs. In each box, you will draw a major event
in Frances Hobbs’ story. These events must be in sequential order and
must not include any words, except examples of onomatopoeia (sound
words). Color your illustrations.
4.On the back of each box, write at least 1 sentence telling what event is
being shown in the picture. Your comic strip should tell Frances Hobbs’
story from beginning to end.
Alabama at War :
Conflict between the North and South
Chapter 5 Lesson 2
ACTIVITY (Example)
ON BACK:
In 1865, rumors spread about a
Union raid and Frances Hobbs heard
horror tales and was determined to
save her family jewelry business.
1. With a group member, partner read the article in your Alabama History Textbook on page 161.
2. After all group members have read the article, discuss the events that occurred in this article about Frances Hobbs.
Also, divide her incredible story into 6 events. Your group should list these events on a sheet of notebook paper and
use them to complete the next step in the activity.
3.Each student will receive a strip of paper. Fold the paper so that there are 6 boxes. Outline these 6 boxes by
drawing lines with your pencil. You will be creating a comic strip displaying the incredible act of bravery
demonstrated by Frances Hobbs. In each box, you will draw a major event in Frances Hobbs’ story. These events must
be in sequential order and must not include any words, except examples of onomatopoeia (sound words). Color your
illustrations.
4.On the back of each box, write at least 1 sentence telling what event is being shown in the picture. Your
comic strip should tell Frances Hobbs’ story from beginning to end.
Alabama at War :
Conflict between the North and South
Chapter 5 Cumulative
ACTIVITY- ABC Summary
1. Think about all the events, people, and places that we discussed in
Chapter 5 .
On your ABC Summary sheet, fill in each box with an event, person, or
place that we discussed in Chapter 5 for each letter.