Transcript 20 The Causes Of The Civil War

Do Now: What are the positives and
negatives of Manifest Destiny?
The Causes
Of The Civil
War
1820-1860
The Question
Should slavery be
allowed in the
“new territories”?
1- Maine becomes a free state
2- Missouri becomes a slave state
3- Slavery will be outlawed in any new state
north of Missouri’s southern border
Why was it important to maintain a balance
between free and slave states in Congress?
Equality ensured that no one side would have
the power to pass a law regarding slavery
that the other side disliked.
Eli Whitney and the Cotton Gin
The Cotton Gin made it possible to
clean 50 times more cotton per day
Southern Cotton Production
in 1820
Southern Cotton Production in
1860
Southern Population
Slave-Owning Population (1850)
Only about
350,000
families
owned slaves
out of a
white
population of
6 Million
Characteristics of the South
1.Primarily agricultural.
2.Slavery and Cotton
essential to the economy
3.Little industrialization.
4.Inadequate transportation
system.
Tariff Of Abominations (1828)
• Favors the Industrialized North
• Hated by South
• South Carolina argues for
Nullification
States Rights vs.
Strong Central Government
Strict interpretation of Constitution that powers
not delegated (given) to Federal Government
belong to states
All was quiet until….
• The Mexican
War
(1846-1848)
…when slavery
became an
issue again
The U.S. won the
Mexican Cession and had
to decide whether or not
to allow slavery
1- California becomes a free state
2- popular sovereignty would be used to decide if
slavery would be allowed in New Mexico
3- Stronger Fugitive Slave law
…and now some more
vocabulary
Popular Sovereigntythe people in a territory
decide whether or not to
allow slavery
Fugitive Slave LawLaw requiring all citizens,
both northern & southern,
to help catch and return
runaway slaves.
Hmmm,
Slavery?
No slavery?
Uncle Tom’s Cabin
(published 1852)
By Harriet
Beecher Stowe,
(a northerner)
One of the most influential books ever
written, this novel, which dramatized the
cruelties of slavery, sold 300,000 copies
the first year
An Anti-Slavery
Bestseller!
Northerners
Helped change the way
northerners felt about
slavery.
Northerners
now saw
slavery as a
MORAL ISSUE
which they
could no longer
ignore
Southerners
Outraged by the book!
Southerners claimed the
book, which was also
made into a play, did
not give a true picture
of slave life
One of the
most important
books in
American history!
Three Views of Slavery
• Abolitionist-
Wanted to
totally end slavery in the
United States
• Moderate-
Wanted to
stop the spread of slavery
in the United States
• Pro-Slavery-
Did not
feel that slavery was wrong
The KansasNebraska Act (1854)
Proposed by
Illinois Senator
Stephen
Douglas
1- Louisiana Purchase divided in to 2 territories
Kansas and Nebraska
2- popular sovereignty would be used to decide if
slavery would be allowed in these territories
• Wilmot Proviso - The
passage of the Wilmot
Proviso, which prevented
the introduction of slavery
into lands acquired after the
Mexican-American War,
further polarized northern
and southern politicians on
the issue of slavery.
• Ostend Manifesto - In a
bungled attempt to annex
Cuba from Spain, Northern
abolitionists became
suspicious of a conspiracy
to extend the reach of
slavery, which further
soured relations between
the North and South.
What Happens When
People Are Asked to
Decide Whether or Not To
Allow Slavery?
“Bleeding Kansas”
 Popular sovereignty
caused a small scale
civil war in Kansas
 Battles broke out
between pro-slavery
settlers and antislavery settlers
 200 died in 4 months
Both Nebraska and Kansas
eventually became free states
The Republican Party
(1856)
The Republican Party was created
in 1856 by Northerners who were
committed to stopping the spread
of slavery
This was the first
time sectional political
parties developed over
the issue of slavery
Abraham Lincoln
A member of the
House of
Representatives
from Illinois,
Lincoln joined the
Republican Party
to stop the
Lincoln believed slavery was
spread of slavery morally wrong, but he was
not an abolitionist
The Dred Scott Decision
(1857)
If a slave is
brought to a free
state does that
make him
automatically
free?
Scott v. Sanford
The Supreme
Court decided
that:
Southerners were
overjoyed with
the decision
 Slaves were not citizens,
so they could not bring
sue
 Slaves were property
 5th Amendment protects
property, and because
slaves were property,
Congress could not ban
slavery in the territories
The Lincoln-Douglas
Debates (1858)
For the position of Illinois senator
Abraham Lincoln
1. opposed to slavery
in the territories.
2. no desire to
interfere with
slavery where it
already existed
Stephen Douglas
1. popular sovereignty
John Brown’s Raid
(1859)
Abolitionist who tried to raid
the federal arsenal at
Harper’s Ferry,Virginia.
His plan was to arm
the slaves and start a slave
uprising.
Brown was
captured and
put on trial.
He was
convicted of
murder and
treason, and
then hung.
Hero or Villain?
The North
Brown became a hero
in the north. Many
considered him a
martyr because he
was willing to give
his life for his
beliefs
The South
Southerners were
outraged by Brown’s
actions. Many
became convinced
that the North
wanted to destroy
slavery
Northerner’s sang, “John Brown’s body lies a mold’ring in
The grave, but his soul goes marching on….”
The Election of 1860
There were four candidates for president
o Stephen Douglas- Northern Democrats
Believed in popular sovereignty
o John Breckinridge- Southern Democrats
Pro-slavery
o John Bell- Constitutional Union Party
Wanted to keep the Union together
o Abraham Lincoln- Republican
Wanted to stop the spread of slavery
Sectionalism: Loyalty to a region or
state as opposed to the whole nation
Sectionalism: Loyalty to a region or
state as opposed to the whole nation
…And The Winner Was
With less
than
40% of the
vote
Abraham
Lincoln!
Secession!
To many Southerners, Lincoln’s election
meant that the South no longer had a
voice in government. They believed that
the President and Congress were now set
against their interests – especially slavery
Secede- to withdraw from the
country
The first state to secede was
South Carolina on December 20, 1860
Jefferson DavisPresident of the
Confederate
States of America
Secession- the act of withdrawing
from an organization, union, or
political entity.
The Confederacy
11
Southern
States
seceded
The Union Is Broken
The Confederate
States of
America were
formed in 1861.
Jefferson
Davis was elected
President and
Richmond, Virginia
became the capital
of The
Confederacy
The American Civil War
The Recipe for War
Failure of
Compromise
Kansas-Nebraska
Act
Sectionalism &
Tariff Issues
Dred Scott
Decision
Uncle Tom’s
Cabin
Election of
Abraham Lincoln
John Brown’s
Raid
Civil War, 1861
 Lincoln would do anything to save the
Union
 Lincoln believed that secession was
unconstitutional
 Lincoln faced a terrible dilemma when
The Confederacy began seizing federal
forts in the South………….
Fort Sumter, 1861
Fort Sumter guarded Charleston,
South Carolina. On April 11, 1861,
The Confederacy demanded that
The United States troops leave
the fort
When Major Robert Anderson
refused to surrender the Fort,
Confederate guns opened fire.
on April 13, 1861, Anderson
surrendered the fort…marking
the start of the Civil War
A House Divided…
Lincoln believed that the nation could not survive if it
remained divided by slavery. On June 16, 1858, he stated:
“A house divided against itself cannot stand. I
believe this government cannot endure permanently
half slave and half free. I do not expect the Union
to be dissolved – I do not expect the house to fall –
but I do expect it will cease to be divided. It will
become all one thing or all the other.”
What was Lincoln’s
house????