Transcript Use the information below to answer the

WHAT WE LEARNED IN 8TH
GRADE US HISTORY
Review and Preview of this year
READ THE PASSAGE AND ANSWER THE
QUESTION THAT FOLLOWS.
Benjamin Franklin appeared before the Parliament of Great
Britain in 1766 to explain reasons why American colonists
opposed the Stamp Act. [Member of Parliament]: Do the
Americans pay any considerable taxes among themselves?
[Franklin]: Certainly many, and very heavy taxes . . . .
[Member of Parliament]: For what purposes are those taxes
laid? [Franklin]: For the support of the civil and military
establishment of the country, and to discharge the heavy
debt contracted in the last war [the Seven Years’ War] . . . .
[Member of Parliament]: Was it an opinion in America before
1763 that the Parliament had no right to lay taxes and duties
there? [Franklin]: I have never heard any objection to the
right of laying duties to regulate commerce; but a right to lay
internal taxes was never supposed to be in Parliament, as we
are not represented there . . . .
ACCORDING TO BENJAMIN FRANKLIN, TAXES
WERE ONLY LEGITIMATE UNDER WHAT
CONDITION?
A. if Parliament set them at a lower rate
 B. if they were needed to pay off war debts
 C. if the king issued a decree requiring them
 D. if taxpayers’ representatives agreed to them


D. if taxpayers’ representatives agreed to
them
USE THE PASSAGE TO ANSWER THE
QUESTION.
In the first draft of the Declaration of Independence, Thomas
Jefferson criticized the King for allowing the slave trade to
continue. He wrote: He has waged cruel war against human
nature itself, violating its most sacred rights of life and
liberty in the persons of a distant people who never offended
him, captivating and carrying them into slavery in another
hemisphere, or to incur miserable death in their
transportation thither. The Continental Congress eliminated
the statement before signing the Declaration.
WHICH REASON BEST EXPLAINS THE
CONGRESS’S DECISION TO ELIMINATE THE
STATEMENT?
A. The Congress knew that some colonies profited
in the slave trade.
 B. The Congress worried that the passage would
inflame tensions with American Indians.
 C. The Congress knew that Jefferson owned
slaves and found the passage contradictory.
 D. The Congress thought that the passage would
make it hard to win support from France.


A. The Congress knew that some colonies profited
in the slave trade.
WHICH GOAL DID GEORGE WASHINGTON
HAVE FOR THE NEW NATION?
During the Revolutionary War, George Washington was a
great military leader. He was also a great political leader.
His actions as the head of the army supported his long-term
goals for the new nation. He understood that military leaders
must always listen to Congress, even if the leaders disagreed
with Congress. Washington also understood that the army
needed to show respect to the citizens it was serving. Some
armies force the citizens to give them food. Washington
commanded his men to ask for food. He knew that the army
might be able to get more supplies by force, but then the
people would not trust him or his soldiers.
A.
B.
C.
D.
Military leaders would disagree with Congress.
The United States would be ruled by its citizens.
The United States would recognize his leadership.
The military would have the right to take supplies by force.

B. The United States would be ruled by its
citizens.
USE THE EXCERPT TO ANSWER THE
QUESTION THAT FOLLOWS.
Our Debts being unfunded and unprovided for, the Interest
cannot be paid . . .. The United States have call’d for eight
Million of Dollars early in November last, of which the first
quarterly Payment was to have been made on the first Day of
April. But I cannot find a single State has laid the Taxes . . . .
[L]et the several States be ever so negligent, the
Confederation has given no Power to compel [force]. While it
confers on Congress the Privilege of asking everything, it
has secured to each State the Prerogative of granting
nothing. —Robert Morris, Secretary of the Treasury, to John
Hanson, president of the Continental Congress, February 11,
1782
THE AUTHOR OF THIS EXCERPT IS EXPRESSING
CONCERN ABOUT WHAT WEAKNESS IN THE
ARTICLES OF CONFEDERATION?
A. The national government had no army.
 B. The national government had no power to tax.
 C. The national government had no system of courts.
 D. The national government had no executive branch.


B. The national government had no power to tax.
USE THE EXCERPT TO ANSWER THE
QUESTION THAT FOLLOWS.
[T]he establishment of a productive system of revenue,
expressly appropriated for the discharge of the national
debt, would, we trust, give success to negociations for
making the future annual payments more adequate to the
resources of the union, than they are at present . . . . By the
union of the several states they have rescued themselves
from the tyranny of a powerful nation, and established
constitutions on the free consent of the people . . . . But these
constitutions cannot long outlive the fate of the general
union; and this union cannot exist without adequate funds to
defray the expences of the government, and to discharge
those engagements which have been entered into with the
concurrence of the citizens of all these states, for their
common benefit. —An addres[s] from the United States in
Congress assembled to the legislatures of the several states,
1786
THIS EXCERPT REFLECTS CONCERN
WITH WHAT NATIONAL ISSUE?
A. the constitutionality of establishing a national
bank
 B. the consequences of government intervention
to promote employment
 C. the costs and benefits of raising tariffs to
protect the domestic economy
 D. the difficulties of paying the national debt
under the Articles of Confederation


D. the difficulties of paying the national debt
under the Articles of Confederation
Delegates met in Philadelphia in 1787 to create a new
government. Soon after the convention began, two
competing plans for representation developed. Large states
supported a plan that created a strong national government.
Their plan would base representation by the size of
population. Small states supported a plan for a weaker
national government that would have a one-house
legislature represent all states equally. Disputes between big
states and small states nearly broke up the convention. The
delegates finally compromised on a plan that created a
powerful national government. The legislature would have
two houses. The number of representatives to the lower
house would be based on population. Each state would send
two representatives to the upper house.
WHAT DID SMALL STATES GAIN IN THE
COMPROMISE PLAN?
A. a powerful national government to protect
their interests against big states
 B. some ability in the upper house to check large
states' power in the lower house
 C. the right to elect some members to the upper
house based on their populations
 D. the right to have two representatives per state
in the upper house, rather than just one per state


B. some ability in the upper house to check large
states' power in the lower house
USE THE INFORMATION BELOW TO
ANSWER THE QUESTION.

Great Compromise
House of Representatives
Representation based
upon state population
Senate Equal representation
for each state: 2 Senators per
state
Why was this compromise important for the functioning of
the U.S. government?
A. It meant that smaller states had a greater voice than larger
states in the federal government.
B. It permitted governors of smaller states an opportunity to exert
pressure on Congress.
C. It gave smaller states more input than larger states in the
selection of presidential candidates.
D. It allowed smaller states to have as much power as larger states
in one house of Congress.

D. It allowed smaller states to have as much
power as larger states in one house of Congress.
BASED ON THE EXCERPT, WHICH STATEMENT
BEST SUPPORTS THESE IDEAS IN FEDERALIST 51?
If men were angels, no government would be necessary. If
angels were to govern men, neither external nor internal
controls on government would be necessary. . . . [T]he great
difficulty lies in this: you must first enable the government
to control the governed; and in the next place oblige it to
control itself. —James Madison, Federalist 51
A.
B.
C.
D.
Government should keep citizens from having any control over it.
Government should be designed to function with limited power.
Government should set clear limits on citizens’ rights.
Government should stay out of religious matters.

B. Government should be designed to function
with limited power.
USE THE EXCERPT TO ANSWER THE
QUESTION THAT FOLLOWS.
The great rule of conduct for us in regard to foreign nations
is in extending our commercial relations, to have with them
as little political connection as possible. So far as we have
already formed engagements, let them be fulfilled with
perfect good faith. Here let us stop. Europe has a set of
primary interests, which to us have none, or a very remote
relation. Hence she must be engaged in frequent
controversies, the causes of which are essentially foreign to
our concerns. Hence, therefore, it must be unwise in us to
implicate [entangle] ourselves by artificial ties in the
ordinary vicissitudes [fluctuations] of her politics, or the
ordinary combinations and collisions of her friendships or
enmities. —George Washington, Farewell Address, 1796
WHICH STATEMENT BEST EXPLAINS WHY
GEORGE WASHINGTON PROPOSED THIS
FOREIGN POLICY POSITION?
A. Involvement in other countries’ affairs could
draw the U.S. into wars.
 B. He wanted the U.S. to take over the European
colonies in Latin America.
 C. The U.S. was forced to choose sides in a war
between two of its military allies.
 D. He believed that the U.S. could help to
negotiate an end to the war among Europeans.


A. Involvement in other countries’ affairs could
draw the U.S. into wars.
READ THE PASSAGE AND ANSWER THE
QUESTION THAT FOLLOWS.
On December 2, 1823, President James Monroe delivered his
annual message to Congress in which he claimed as a matter
of U.S. interests that the recently independent countries in
the Americas could no longer “be considered as subjects for
future colonization by any European powers.” Monroe
described it as “impossible” that any European powers
“should extend their political system to any portion of either
continent without endangering our independence and
happiness.”
What BEST describes the justification used by President
Monroe to explain this doctrine?
A. The U.S. wanted to expand its own territory in the western
hemisphere.
B. The U.S. economy relied on developing markets throughout Latin
America.
C. The U.S. shared political values with other independent American
countries.
D. The U.S. had signed treaties to defend other American countries
from invasion.

C. The U.S. shared political values with other
independent American countries.
USE THE TABLE BELOW TO ANSWER THE
QUESTION.
Federalists
• Strongest support in New England
• Favored a strong central
government
• Supported by bankers and big
business owners
• Led by Alexander Hamilton and
John Adams
Democratic-Republicans
• Strongest support in the South
• Favored states’ rights
• Supported by farmers and
shopkeepers
• Led by Thomas Jefferson and
James Madison
Which of the following individuals would have been MOST
supportive of the Federalist Party in 1800?
A. a large plantation owner in Virginia
B. a small grocery store owner in Georgia
C. a small farmer in rural Pennsylvania
D. a large shipping company owner in Massachusetts

D. a large shipping company owner in
Massachusetts
READ THE PASSAGE AND ANSWER THE
QUESTION THAT FOLLOWS.
Article III of the United States Constitution created the
judicial branch of the federal government. The Judiciary Act
of 1789 created a system of courts and established the
jurisdiction of the Supreme Court. In 1803, the Marbury v.
Madison decision asserted the Supreme Court’s authority to
determine whether or not acts of Congress or the president
were unconstitutional.
Which statement BEST explains the lasting impact of these
turning points in United States history?
A. They made the judicial branch the most powerful branch of
government.
B. They guaranteed the specific individual rights that all citizens
should enjoy.
C. They specified the powers that could be exercised by the federal
government.
D. They ensured the role of the judicial branch in the system of
checks and balances.

D. They ensured the role of the judicial branch in
the system of checks and balances.
USE THE INFORMATION BELOW TO
ANSWER THE QUESTION THAT FOLLOWS.
The soil and climate in this region led to the settlement of
small farms rather than large plantations. As industry grew,
one quarter of the population lived in urban areas by 1860.
Between 1800 and 1860, the percentage of the population
working in agriculture dropped from 70% to only 40%. The
large majority of immigrants settled in this region, providing
much of the labor in cities and factories. More than twothirds of the nation’s railroad tracks were located in the
region by 1860.
This paragraph describes the characteristics of what region
in the United States?
A.
B.
C.
D.
the West
the North
the South
the Midwest

B. the North
WHICH CHANGE IS DESCRIBED IN THIS
EXCERPT?
But from the establishment of the Spinning Machines in
many Counties . . . no Hand Work could be had, the
consequence of which is the whole maintenance of the family
[depends on] the father, and instead of six or seven shillings
a week, which a wife and four children could add by their
wheels, his weekly pay is all they have to depend upon . . . . —
Observations on the Loss of Woollen Spinning, 1794
A.
B.
C.
D.
the importance of luxury products
the formation of commodity exchanges
the industrialization of textile manufacturing
the formation of labor unions

C. the industrialization of textile manufacturing
USE THE EXCERPT BELOW TO ANSWER
THE QUESTION.
Slavery, it appears, is of great antiquity. It has existed in the
world, in some form or other, even from the times
immediately following, if not before the flood. —George
Freeman, The Rights and Duties of Slaveholders, 1836
(Antiquity - the ancient past, especially the period before the Middle Ages)
What impact did the views of religious leaders such as
George Freeman have on the economic development of the
United States?
A. They provided support for the protection of the plantation system
of the South.
B. They demonstrated that wage labor should be the basis of a
capitalist society.
C. They provided support for the use of child labor in factories.
D. They encouraged the development of large-scale factory
production.

A. They provided support for the protection of the
plantation system of the South.
USE THE LIST TO ANSWER THE
QUESTION THAT FOLLOWS.

United States Treaties & Agreements
• Louisiana Purchase (1803)
• Adams-Onis Treaty (1819)
• Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo (1848)
• Gadsden Purchase (1853–54)





What was a consequence of each of these
treaties and agreements?
A. The United States joined a free-trade zone.
B. The United States gained additional territory.
C. The United States ended a war with a neighbor.
D. The United States became part of a military
alliance.

B. The United States gained additional territory.
In 1793, Eli Whitney wrote a petition requesting a patent
for his new invention, the cotton gin. He wrote that “if
turned with horses or by water, two persons will clean as
much cotton in one Day, as a Hundred persons could
cleane [clean] in the same time with the ginns [gins] now
in common use.”





How did this invention affect United States society?
A. Fewer immigrants arrived as demand for labor decreased.
B. The number of slaves grew as cotton production
increased.
C. Farms in the South became smaller as fewer workers
were needed.
D. The population in the South decreased as workers
migrated to the North.

B. The number of slaves grew as cotton
production increased.
USE THE INFORMATION IN THE TABLE TO
ANSWER THE QUESTION THAT FOLLOWS
Reformer
Achievements
Thomas Gallaudet (1787–1851)
Pioneered the education of deaf
students in the United States
Horace Mann (1796–1859)
Campaigned for publicly funded
education and professional
training for teachers
Catharine Beecher (1800–1878)
Advocated for women’s education
and the role of women as
teachers
Samuel Howe (1801–1876)
Developed methods used for the
education of blind students
across the United States
Charlotte Forten (1837–1914)
Traveled to the South to educate
former slaves
THE REFORMERS ON THIS LIST WOULD MOST
LIKELY AGREE WITH WHICH STATEMENT?
A. It is more valuable to have an education than
political rights.
 B. Traditional approaches are the most effective
basis for education.
 C. Education is intended to preserve the power of
the wealthiest citizens.
 D. An education can improve people’s social and
economic opportunities.


D. An education can improve people’s social and
economic opportunities.
USE THE LIST OF EVENTS TO ANSWER
THE QUESTION THAT FOLLOWS.
1831 – William Lloyd Garrison began publishing The
Liberator
1845 – Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass
published
1852 – Uncle Tom’s Cabin published by Harriet Beecher
Stowe
1859 – John Brown arrested after leading a raid at
Harper’s Ferry, Virginia
This list identifies events that were
important in the movement for what goal?
 A. to annex Texas
 B. to organize labor
 C. to abolish slavery
 D. to limit immigration


C. to abolish slavery
READ THE PASSAGE AND ANSWER THE
QUESTION THAT FOLLOWS
In July 1848, hundreds of reformers gathered in Seneca
Falls, NY, in order to organize and act in support of women’s
rights. Participants included Elizabeth Cady Stanton,
Lucretia Mott, and Frederick Douglass. They signed a
Declaration of Sentiments that stated in part, “We hold these
truths to be self-evident, that all men and women are created
equal . . . .”
The Seneca Falls Convention’s Declaration of Sentiments
illustrates the lasting impact of which of the following?
A.
B.
C.
D.
the values expressed in the Declaration of Independence
the principle of judicial review upheld in Marbury v. Madison
the system of checks and balances included in the Constitution
the resistance to federal power evidenced in the Nullification Cri

A. the values expressed in the Declaration of
Independence
USE THE INFORMATION TO ANSWER THE
QUESTION THAT FOLLOWS
In 1851, the state of Maine passed laws that prohibited the
sale of all alcohol except what was used for medicinal,
mechanical, or manufacturing purposes. Fourteen other
states passed their own “Maine Laws” during the 1850s.
The passage of “Maine Laws” was due
to the influence of what movement?
A. suffrage
B. nativism
C. temperance
D. abolitionism

temperance
During the mid-1700s, several religious leaders rose to
prominence throughout the American colonies. Preachers
like George Whitefield (1714–1770), Jonathan Edwards (1703–
1758), and Gilbert Tennent (1703–1764) delivered dramatic
and emotional sermons at revivals that attracted large
crowds. Sometimes these audiences brought together a social
mixture of men and women, whites and African Americans.
The revivalist preachers often challenged the authority of
ministers who did not demonstrate sufficient piety and
passion, which caused tensions within denominations that
sometimes led new religious groups to arise.
What was a consequence of the religious movement
described in this passage?
A. Religious diversity increased in American society.
B. Enlightenment ideas became less appealing in colonial culture.
C. People began to settle western territories to practice religious
freedom.
D. Colonial authorities enforced laws to protect established religious
institutions.

A. Religious diversity increased in American
society
USE THE LIST BELOW TO ANSWER THE QUESTION.

Southern Black Codes, 1830s
• Free Blacks could not carry firearms
• Free Blacks could not purchase slaves
• Free Blacks could not testify against white citizens





What conclusion can be drawn from the
information in the list?
A. Southern states restricted the civil rights of free
blacks.
B. Free blacks often held political office in the South.
C. Southern governments encouraged the education of
free blacks.
D. Free blacks received the same legal recognition as
non-slaveholding white citizens.

A. Southern states restricted the civil rights of
free blacks.
WHAT IMPACT DID THE NORTHWEST
ORDINANCE HAVE ON THE SPREAD OF
SLAVERY THROUGH THE UNITED STATES?
A. It provided slaveholders with additional land
that could be farmed by slaves.
 B. It eliminated the sale of slaves north of the
Virginia border.
 C. It was the first action by the federal
government to prohibit the spread of slavery.
 D. It attempted to maintain a balance between
free and slave states.

C. It was the first action by the federal
government to prohibit the spread of slavery.
.
The ordinance provided that:

• No fewer than three, or more than five, states would be
formed
• Admission to the Union would be available when the
number of free inhabitants reached 60,000
• Civil Liberties be guaranteed
• Education be encouraged
• Slavery and involuntary servitude be prohibited
WHAT IS FEDERALISM
A. U.S. system of government in which power is
distributed between the state and the federal
government
 B. All the power in the government belongs to the
federal government.
 C. It is a system for setting up the national bank
 D. It attempted to maintain a balance between
the branches of government


A. U.S. system of government in which power is
distributed between the state and the federal
government
WHAT IS THE STATES RIGHTS
DOCTRINE?
A. The way the states governments are set up to
determine the total representation in the state
house of representatives.
 B. How the representatives from each state are
chosen for the federal government
 C. The belief that the power of the states should
be greater than the power of the federal
government.
 D. The belief that the power of the federal
government should be greater than the power of
the states.


C. The belief that the power of the states should
be greater than the power of the federal
government.
USE THE LIST TO ANSWER THE
QUESTION THAT FOLLOWS
• Three-Fifths Compromise (1787)
• Missouri Compromise (1820)
• Compromise of 1850
• Kansas-Nebraska Act (1854)
These legislative decisions were intended to
address which concern?
 A. the growing population of immigrants
 B. sectional divisions over slavery and the economy
 C. income inequality resulting from industrialization
 D. the balance of power among the branches of
government


B. sectional divisions over slavery and the
economy
Kansas Nebraska Act 1854
• A law that allowed voters in Kansas and
Nebraska to choose whether to allow slavery.
USE THE INFORMATION TO ANSWER THE
QUESTION THAT FOLLOWS.
In its 1857 Dred Scott v. Sandford decision, the Supreme
Court ruled that Congress could not ban slavery in U.S.
territories. Also, in upholding the Fifth Amendment rights of
slave owners, the Court recognized slaves as property. It
further ruled that African Americans were not United States
citizens.
How did this Supreme Court decision affect life in the United
States?
A. It strengthened slavery as a part of United States society.
B. It settled the debate over states’ rights and federal power.
C. It denied the government a role in making decisions about the
economy.
D. It gave states the authority to determine who was a United
States citizen.

A. It strengthened slavery as a part of United
States society.
USE THE INFORMATION IN THE TABLE TO
ANSWER THE QUESTION THAT FOLLOWS.
Rebellions and Conspiracies in America
Event
Year
Location
The Stono Rebellion
1739
South Carolina
Gabriel’s Rebellion
1800
Virginia
Denmark Vessey’s
conspiracy
1822
South Carolina
Nat Turners Revolt
1831
Virginia
What was the reason behind the attempted revolts listed in
the table?
A.
B.
C.
D.
religious discrimination
anti-immigrant attitudes
opposition to tax policies
resistance against slavery

D. resistance against slavery
USE THE EXCERPTS TO ANSWER THE
QUESTION THAT FOLLOWS.
"Our present position . . . illustrates the American idea that
government rests upon the consent of the governed, and that
it is the right of the people to alter or abolish them at will
whenever they become destructive of the ends for which
they were established." —Jefferson Davis, President of the
Confederacy, Inaugural Address, 1861
"Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth on
this continent, a new nation, conceived in Liberty, and
dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal.
Now we are engaged in a great civil war, testing whether
that nation, or any nation so conceived and so dedicated, can
long endure." — Abraham Lincoln, President of the USA,
Gettysburg Address, 1863
WHAT ISSUE WITH THE CONSTITUTION
DO THESE TWO QUOTES ILLUSTRATE?
A. The failure of the Framers to solve issues
meant the Constitution supported both sides
during the Civil War
 B. The failure of the Framers to solve issues
meant the Constitution supported the North and
not the South
 C. The failure of the Framers to solve issues
meant the Constitution supported the South and
not the South
 D. The failure of the Framers to solve issues
meant the Constitution did not support either
side during the Civil War


A. The failure of the Framers to solve issues
meant the Constitution supported both sides
during the Civil War
USE THE INFORMATION BELOW TO
ANSWER THE QUESTION THAT FOLLOWS.
In February 1861, a convention in Texas adopted an
“Ordinance of Secession” that protested against the United
States government. It argued that the federal government
had acted “for the avowed purpose of acquiring sufficient
power . . . to use it as a means of destroying the institutions
of Texas.”
This “Ordinance of Secession” was adopted as a result of a
conflict between Texas and the federal government over
what issue?
A.
B.
C.
D.
laissez-faire
states’ rights
education reform
religious freedom

B. states’ rights
USE THE DISTRIBUTION OF NATIONAL
ASSETS TO ANSWER THE QUESTION.
Population
Railroad
Canals
Factories





National Assets, 1850
South
North
42%
58%
26%
74%
14%
86%
18%
82%
Which conclusion is BEST supported by the chart?
A. The South was more prosperous than it had been in
previous years.
B. The South’s economy depended on recent advances in
transportation.
C. The South’s economy depended less on technology than
the North’s did.
D. The South’s share of manufacturing would increase to
match its population.

C. The South’s economy depended less on
technology than the North’s did.
USE THE QUOTE BELOW TO ANSWER THE
QUESTION.
That on the first day of January, in the year of our Lord one
thousand eight hundred and sixty-three, all persons held as
slaves within any state or designated part of a state, the
people whereof shall then be in rebellion against the United
States, shall be then, thenceforward, and forever free . . . —
Emancipation Proclamation, 1863
What aspect of the Emancipation Proclamation caused
some to believe it was more focused on protecting the
Union rather than freeing slaves?
A. It did not go into effect until after the end of the Civil War.
B. It allowed the border states to maintain ownership of their
slaves.
C. It was promoted without any support from Republican
lawmakers.
D. It forced freed slaves to remain in the southern states.

B. It allowed the border states to maintain
ownership of their slaves.
USE THE EXCERPT TO ANSWER THE
QUESTION THAT FOLLOWS.
I hold that, in contemplation of universal law and of the
Constitution, the Union of these States is perpetual . . . . It
follows . . . that no State upon its own mere motion can
lawfully get out of the Union; that resolves and ordinances to
that effect are legally void; and that acts of violence, within
any State or States, against the authority of the United
States, are insurrectionary or revolutionary, according to
circumstances. —Abraham Lincoln, First Inaugural Address,
1861
In this excerpt, Abraham Lincoln expressed his opposition to
what argument made by many Southerners?
A. States had the right to secede from the Union.
B. The federal government had supported slave rebellions.
C. A convention should be held to rewrite the Constitution.
D. Supreme Court decisions supporting nullification should be
upheld.

A. States had the right to secede from the Union.
USE THE CHART BELOW TO ANSWER THE
FOLLOWING QUESTION
•
•
•
•
•
Broke tools
Worked slowly
Ran away
Manual labor for the Union Army
Fought in the Union Army
These actions describe the contributions of what people
during the Civil War for the Union?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Scalawags and Carpetbaggers
Copperheads
Slaves and Freedmen
Confederates and Yankees

C. Slaves and Freedmen
Freedmen - a man who has been freed from slavery
USE THE INFORMATION BELOW TO
ANSWER THE QUESTION.

_____??______
• Sewing
• Working on the farm
• Working in shops
Which title BEST summarizes the information?
A. Roles of Nurses During the Civil War
B. Roles of Women During the Civil War
C. Roles of Soldiers During the Civil War
D. Roles of Merchants During the Civil War

B. Roles of Women During the Civil War
Reconstruction Plans
President
Lincoln’s Plan
President
Johnson’s Plan
Congressional
Plan
An amnesty is offered to
anyone who takes an
Oath of Loyalty to the
USA
Each person who takes
a loyalty oath will
receive a pardon
Divide the South into 5
Military Districts with
the Military as the
government of each
Confederate Leaders
are temporarily banned
from holding public
office
No pardons for
Confederate Leaders or
people having more
than $20,000 in
property
To be readmitted each
State must rewrite their
constitution
Once 1/10 of eligible
voters have taken a
loyalty oath, a state
government can be
formed
Each state must abolish
slavery before they can
be readmitted
Each State must ratify
the 14th Amendment
Each state must repeal
their secession
ordinances before they
can be readmitted
Former Confederates
may not hold public
office or be able to vote

Based on the table above, what would be the best
way to describe the different plans for bringing the
former Confederate states back into the Union?
A. Lincoln: Punish the South
Johnson: General
forgiveness for the
South
Congressional: Southern
States must fix a few issues
before readmission
B. Lincoln: General Forgiveness for
the South
Johnson: General Forgiveness for
the South
Congressional: Punish the South
C. Lincoln: Punish the South
Johnson: Punish the South
Congressional: General forgiveness for the
South
D. Lincoln: General forgiveness for the South
Johnson: Southern States must fix a few issues
before readmission
Congressional: Punish the South
D. Lincoln: General forgiveness for the South
Johnson: Southern States must fix a few issues
before readmission
Congressional: Punish the South
USE THE INFORMATION TO ANSWER THE
QUESTION THAT FOLLOWS.
Created in 1865, the Freedmen’s Bureau aided African
Americans by providing food and medical care, helping with
resettlement, ensuring justice with contracts and in courts,
managing abandoned and confiscated property, regulating
labor, and establishing schools. The Freedmen’s Bureau
stopped its work in 1872
What BEST explains the reason why the Freedmen’s Bureau
was established?
A. to organize African Americans into a national political party
B. to encourage African Americans from the South to get jobs in the
North
C. to segregate African Americans through separate but equal
opportunities
D. to help African Americans in the South in making the change
from slavery

D. to help African Americans in the South in
making the change from slavery
USE THE INFORMATION IN THE TABLE TO
ANSWER THE QUESTION THAT FOLLOWS.
Practices
What They Did
Grandfather clauses
Exempted pre-1867 voters from
stricter restrictions that
regulated voting
Literacy test
Administered at the discretion of
an official as a qualification for
voter registration
Poll tax
Required the payment of a fee as
a qualification to register as a
voter
THE PRACTICES LISTED ABOVE WERE
METHODS COMMONLY USED IN THE
UNITED STATES FROM THE 1860S UNTIL
THE 1960S FOR WHAT PURPOSE?
A. to help immigrants make the transition to
citizenship
 B. to keep former Confederate leaders out of
public office
 C. to encourage citizens to participate in the
political process
 D. to prevent African American citizens from
exercising rights


D. to prevent African American citizens from
exercising rights
USE THE EXCERPTS BELOW TO ANSWER
THE QUESTION.
13th Amendment Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude .
. . shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to
their jurisdiction. 14th Amendment All persons born or
naturalized in the United States . . . are citizens of the United
States and of the State wherein they reside. 15th Amendment
The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be
denied or abridged . . . on account of race, color, or previous
condition of servitude—. —U.S. Constitution
Which goal were these amendments meant to reinforce?
A.
B.
C.
D.
equality of social classes
expansion of states’ rights
promotion of public education
expansion of democracy

D. expansion of democracy
READ THE FOLLOWING PASSAGE TO
ANSWER THE QUESTION BELOW:
"All in all, 1877, confirmed the growing conservatism of the
Republican party and portended a new role for the national
state in the post-Reconstruction years. . . . To be sure, neither
the humanitarian impulse that had helped create the
Republican party nor the commitment to equal citizenship
that evolved during the war and Reconstruction, entirely
disappeared. Southern issues, however, played a steadily
diminishing part in Northern Republican politics and
support for the idea of federal intervention to enforce the
Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments continued to wane." –
Eric Foner, Reconstruction: America's Unfinished Revolution,
1863-1877 (New York: Harper & Row, c1988), pp. 586-87.
QUESTION:
The quote above explains the reasoning of
which action by the Republican Party?
 A. The stationing of troops in the South and the
end of Reconstruction
 B. The removal of troops from the South and the
end of Reconstruction
 C. The increased efforts by Congress to fight for
African American rights
 D. Increasing federal intervention in the South


B. The removal of troops from the South and the
end of Reconstruction
USE THE LIST BELOW TO ANSWER THE
QUESTION.
• Irish Catholic schools
• Little Germany
• Little Italy
• Mutual Aid Societies
The information above is representative of what aspect of
19th century life in the United States?
A.
B.
C.
D.
the migration of Americans westward
attempts by the U.S. government to restrict immigration
large-scale immigration from Western Europe
the outbreak of the Second Great Awakening

C. large-scale immigration from Western Europe
USE THE INFORMATION BELOW TO
ANSWER THE QUESTION THAT FOLLOWS.
The Homestead Act of 1862 encouraged pioneers to move to
the prairie to develop new farms. Some of the land was
difficult to farm because the region was dry and the soil was
too hard for wooden plows. Also, wind and snow made the
winters harsh. However, settlers turned the region into
productive farmland through perseverance and the use of
devices like the steel plow and the windmill, which was used
to pump water up from deep underground. As railroads
expanded, farmers could more easily transport large
amounts of grain and other crops to national and
international markets.
This paragraph describes the development of what region in
the United States?
A. the Gulf Coast
C. the Oregon Territory
B. the Great Plains
D. the Rocky Mountains

B. the Great Plains
NATIVE AMERICAN LANDHOLDINGS FELL
FROM 138 MILLION ACRES IN 1887 TO 48
MILLION ACRES IN 1934.





What explains the reduction in the amount of
land owned by Native Americans during this
time?
A. The Dawes Act allowed the federal government to
sell surplus land to non–Native Americans.
B. The federal government purchased most land
owned by Native Americans through the Homestead
Act.
C. Many Native Americans gave up farming because
the Morrill Act provided free training in skilled
trades.
D. The Interstate Commerce Act encouraged
entrepreneurs to build factories on land bought from
Native Americans.
A. THE DAWES ACT ALLOWED THE FEDERAL
GOVERNMENT TO SELL SURPLUS LAND TO NON–
NATIVE AMERICANS.
Dawes Act of 1887 definition
A federal law intended to turn Native
Americans into farmers and
landowners by providing cooperating families with 160 acr
es of reservation land for farming or 320 acres for grazing.
In the eyes of supporters, this law would “civilize” the
Indians by weaning them from their nomadic life, by
treating them as individuals rather than as members of the
ir tribes, and by readying them for citizenship. Although
generally well intentioned, the law undermined Indian
culture, in part by restricting their hunting rights on
former reservation lands. Much of the best reservation
land eventually passed into the hands of whites.
WHICH STATEMENT BEST EXPLAINS THE
SUPREME COURT’S OPINION IN PLESSY V.
FERGUSON?
A. Groups seeking civil rights protections must
cooperate with the government.
 B. Segregation is legal as long as equal public
facilities are provided.
 C. Laws against segregation are justifiable
regulations of interstate commerce.
 D. The poll tax is a legal issue to be determined
by state governments.


B. Segregation is legal as long as equal public
facilities are provided.
Plessy v Ferguson
(1896) U.S. Supreme court case that established
the “separate but equal” doctrine for public
facilities.
USE THE EXCERPT TO ANSWER THE
QUESTION THAT FOLLOWS.
A long time ago this land belonged to our fathers; but when I
go up to the river I see camps of soldiers here on its bank.
These soldiers cut down my timber; they kill my buffalo; and
when I see that, my heart feels like bursting; I feel sorry
This statement was made in 1867. Which one of the following
people made this statement?
A.
B.
C.
D.
a plantation owner at the end of the Civil War
a sharecropper after Reconstruction had ended
a Native American affected by westward expansion
a California rancher during the Mexican-American War

C. a Native American affected by westward
expansion
USE THE QUOTE BELOW TO ANSWER THE
QUESTION.
My friends . . . circumstances that cannot be controlled, and
which are beyond the reach of human laws, render it
impossible that you can flourish in the midst of a civilized
community. You have but one remedy within your reach.
And that is, to remove to the West and join your countrymen,
who are already established there. And the sooner you do
this, the sooner you will commence your career of
improvement and prosperity. —Andrew Jackson
The above statement is MOST closely associated with what
action during the 19th century?
A. the outbreak of the Mexican War
B. the Cherokee Trail of Tears
C. the secession of Southern states
D. the spread of slavery across the South

B. the Cherokee Trail of Tears
THE KU KLUX KLAN WAS ORIGINALLY
ESTABLISHED FOR WHICH PURPOSE?
A. to undermine African-American voting during
Reconstruction
 B. to support immigration reform by proposing
the Chinese Exclusion Act
 C. to aid the American Railway Union by inciting
the Pullman Strike
 D. to subvert federal laws against speakeasies
during Prohibition


A. to undermine African-American voting during
Reconstruction
• Ireland suffers a large-scale famine during the 1840s • Many
Irish immigrants, as well as German and Scandinavian
immigrants, arrive in the United States between 1845 and 1860
• Many of the poorer immigrants settle in large eastern cities
Which of the following was a result of the
events listed above?
 A. Newly-arrived immigrants formed their own
political parties.
 B. Many immigrants began working side-by-side
with slaves in the South.
 C. The United States began deporting
immigrants who arrived in the country illegally.
 D. American nativists feared the loss of jobs to
immigrants willing to work for lower wages.

D. American nativists feared the loss of jobs to
immigrants willing to work for lower wages.
WHAT WAS THE PURPOSE OF ADDING THE
BILL OF RIGHTS TO THE U.S.
CONSTITUTION?
A. to increase federal authority
 B. to advance universal suffrage
 C. to protect the rights of citizens
 D. to define the rights of states

C. to protect the rights of citizens