Transcript Reconstruction

Reconstruction: 1865 - 1874
©2012, TESCCC
Reconstruction was a period
immediately after the Civil War of
rebuilding the Southern states
gradually bringing them back into the
Union.
TWO PLANS FOR RECONSTRUCTION
LINCOLN AND JOHNSON
WANTED…
•To restore the Union as
quickly as possible
•To go easy on the South
CONGRESS WANTED…
•Stricter standards for
admitting the Southern States
back into the Union
•To protect the freedom of
African Americans in the
South
Juneteenth
A proclamation was
declared on June 19,
1865.
Union General Gordon
Granger was sent to
control Texas.
June 19,1865- Juneteenth, Emancipation Day
• 1. All slaves are now free.
• 2. All Texas laws passed since March 1,1861 must be
nullified.
• 3. Names of all Confederate soldiers must be registered
with U.S. officials.
• 4. Texas is now under charge of a military government.
Freedmen’s Bureau
• Freedmen: a person who has been freed from slavery
• Freedmen’s Bureau provided help & legal aid to freed
people
• was established in 1865 by the national government to
provide the following for formerly-enslaved people:
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©2012, TESCCC
Food
Shelter
Medicine
Opened the first schools for African Americans in Texas,
which were in operation for over 100 years
Black Codes
• Laws limiting the rights of
African Americans
• Restricted blacks from voting,
testifying against Whites in
court and from serving on a
jury
• Restricted job opportunities
for blacks – usually to
agriculture
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Radical Republican Plan
1)Limits role of former Confederate leaders
1)Protected rights of African Americans
1)Former Confederates should not hold important
government positions
5 Military
Districts
•Texas was combined with Louisiana and placed in the 5th
district and fell under command of General Philip H.
Sheridan.
• Martial Law – military policies that
started during Gov. Edwards term
• Governor Davis used military forces to
keep the peace in several counties
• Sherman and federal troops removed
American Indian tribes from West
Texas during the “Frontier Wars.”
©2012, TESCCC
Reconstruction Continues!
KKK: Ku Klux Klan
Goals:
1.Restore Democratic control of the South
2.Keep former slaves powerless
Methods:
1. Used violence to keep African Americans from voting
 50,000 African Americans still registered to vote in Texas.
•
There was a great increase in…
•
•
Tenant farming – people reside on and farm land owned by a landlord
Sharecropping – people farming another landowners land for a share of the
profit
©2012, TESCCC
Constitution of 1876
1. Limited power of governor and legislature
1. Land grants for education and railroads
1. Still use this Constitution TODAY!
• (Amended about 500 times)
• Texas adopted the Constitution of 1876
• Texas ratified the Reconstruction
Amendments in order to rejoin
the Union
• 13th Amendment - forbids slavery
• 14th Amendment – equal rights, regardless of race
• 15th Amendment – extended the right to vote to African
American men
©2012, TESCCC
The Effects of the
Reconstruction Amendments
The Effects of the Reconstruction
Amendments on African Americans
Right to
Vote
“The Staircase to Full Voting Citizenship”
15th
Citizenship
Freed the
Slaves
13th
Slavery
14th
Impact of Reconstruction on Texas
Political
Economic
Social
Reconstruction (1865-1874)
• Political effects
– Martial law – the military polices the state under
Governor Edwards
– Constitution of 1876 – written at the end of
Reconstruction; this is the constitution Texas still follows
today
– Indian wars – the government removes Native
Americans from the frontier.
– Passage of the Reconstruction Amendments
• 13th Amendment – ended slavery
• 14th Amendment – citizenship given to African Americans
• 15th Amendment – suffrage given to all males
Reconstruction (1865-1874)
• Economic effects
– Growth of tenant farming and sharecropping
– Expansion of railroad
– Cattle industry booms
Reconstruction (1865-1874)
• Social effects
– Concern over future of freedmen
– Juneteenth – June 19, 1865 – Emancipation
Day in Texas (African-Americans learn they
are free)
– Freedmen’s Bureau established
– Black Codes (state laws that limited rights of
African Americans
– Ku Klux Klan (terrorized African American
voters and kept them away from the polls)
– Immigration to Texas increased