Transcript Chapter 22 PowerPoint

Reconstruction
1865-1877
The United States - 1861
1. Problems of Peace
April 1865 – The war is over
 The Union wins and now begins the struggle for peace and
healing
 Four main questions now sit before the country:
 1) How would the South be rebuilt?
 2) How would the liberated slaves transition to free men
and women?
 3 ) How would the South be readmitted into the Union?
 4) Who would lead the process of Reconstruction?
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The United States - 1865
2. The Freed Slaves
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Immediately after the Civil War, the Republican dominated Congress
passed the Freedmen’s Bureau under General Oliver O. Howard
The Freedmen’s Bureau provided basic services, education, and
confiscated Southern land to newly freed slaves
Former slaves were supposed to be given 40 acres and a mule
Education was the most important freedom to the new freedmen. The
promise of 40 acres and a mule didn’t happen much due to corrupt
Bureau workers and white Southerners making deals.
The Freedmen’s Bureau taught an estimated 200,000 African-Americans to
read
Many Southern whites resented the Bureau; eventual president Andrew
Johnson would try to defeat it
It would expire in 1872
The Freedmen’s Bureau =
African American Education
3. Johnson vs. Congress
Lincoln’s assassination was a curse on Reconstruction
 Enter the new president – Andrew Johnson
 From Tennessee
 Former slaveowner
 Had white-supremacist views similar to many Southerners
 He stayed with the Union because he didn’t believe in
secession, but he did believe in slavery
 Johnson was not fit ideologically or temperamentally to lead
the United States through Reconstruction
 He did, however, agree with Lincoln that the South should be
offered easy terms when coming back into the Union
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3a. Johnson vs. Congress
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One of Johnson’s first orders of business is a issuing a
proclamation concerning the readmission of the South
They had to
 Renounce secession and declare allegiance to the United States
 Deny Confederate debts
 Ratify the 13th amendment that outlawed slavery
This is known as PRESIDENTIAL RECONSTRUCTION
 The South remained rebellious in other ways
 Southern states ratified the 13th amendment, but then passed
the infamous Black Codes that segregated blacks and whites
and severely discriminated against blacks.
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3b. Johnson vs. Congress
Congress was infuriated that Johnson would be so easy on the
rebellious Southern states
 They wanted the South to be punished
 Congress passes a Civil Rights Bill, which Johnson
ridiculously tries to veto (it is overridden); this bill required the
Southern states to ratify yet another amendment, the 14th,
which gave full citizenship to former slaves
 Voting rights would also be given under the 15th amendent
 13, 14, 15 Amendments are known as the CIVIL WAR
amendments
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3b. Johnson vs. Congress
Congress, as we talked about earlier was dominated by
Republicans
 They came to be known as “Radical Republicans”, because of
their radical views at the time on African American freedom and
equality
 They were led by Charles Sumner from Massachusetts and
Thaddeus Stevens from Pennsylvania
 Sumner was a senator, Stevens a House representative
 They were at odds with President Johnson and led what
historians call CONGRESSIONAL RECONSTRUCTION, or
“RADICAL” RECONSTRUCTION
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Thaddeus Stevens and
Charles Sumner
President Andrew Johnson
Quote
 “The
whole fabric of Southern society must be
changed….The Southern states have been
despotisms, not governments of the
people…..If the South is ever to be made a
safe republic, let her lands be cultivated by the
toil of the owners or the free labor of intelligent
citizens. This must be done even though it
drives her nobility into exile. If they go, all the
better…”
--Thaddeus Stevens
4. Military Reconstruction
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By 1867; the Radical Republican dominated Congress was in control of
Reconstruction
Johnson’s weak leadership and inability to gain popularity with the American
people almost always helped the cause of the Radicals
Johnson was also waaaaay to nice to the South, especially Southern
leaders who had no intentions of granting equality to African-Americans
Race riots and unrest plagued several Southern cities
1867 – Congress passes the Reconstruction Act
The South is divided into 5 military districts in 1867 and then occupied by
Federal troops to ensure the South obeys the law
This was also to ensure that African-Americans got to vote according to the
15th amendment
4. Military Reconstruction
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B. The purpose of this was to give the South a strong Republican
voting base to support Radical Republican legislation and to keep the
South from going to back to its old ways.
C. Redeemers were all-white governments established by the radicals
to make sure the changes stayed after the troops left.
D. Women reformers were upset because the word “male” was used in
the amendment; deliberately leaving out women again
E. 1) Scalawags were Southerners who pledged loyalty to the Union
2) Carpetbaggers were Northerners who came to the South after the
war to make money
F. State governments did it through Jim Crow laws.
The KKK used threats, beatings, and murder
5. Impeachment of Johnson
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A. 1) Charges - Johnson was charged with violating the Tenure of
Office Act when he fired a Radical Republican, Edwin Stanton, from
Secretary of War
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2) Evaluation – Johnson escaped conviction by 1 vote.
Outside Info for Secession
DBQ
Fugitive Slave Law
 Kansas-Nebraska Act – 1854
 Bleeding Kansas
 John Brown’s Raid – 1859
 Dred Scott decision (Dred Scott v.
Sanford)
 Frederick Douglass – escaped slave –
from Maryland
 Uncle Tom’s Cabin
 Lincoln’s election - 1860
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Sub-Points
Slavery – slavery in the Const.; the
Fugitive Slave Law; popular sovereignty
 Paragraph – dox that are supportive of
the Union;
 Paragraph - dox that are supportive of
states’ rights
VALIDATION OF THE STATEMENT IN
THE QUESTION
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