Transcript File - Ms. Mazzini-Chin

Civil War Review
War Causes
War
Reconstruction
“The Civil War could have been prevented.
Extremism and failures of leadership on both
sides precipitated the conflict.”
Assess the validity of this statement.
Causes of the Civil War
Which occurrences/groups lead to the Civil
War?
What leads to the war?
Abolitionists and Extremism
Failure of Leadership
Failure of Democracy
Sectionalism/states’ rights
How do the southerners feel that their states rights are
being violated by each example?
How does each example illustrate growing issues of
sectionalism?
How could these examples of extremist views lead to war?
How do these decisions/individuals fail as leaders? What
different decisions could they have made?
Timeline…Chronology
•1793- Whitney’s cotton gin transforms southern economy
•1800- Gabriel slave rebellion in Virginia
•1808- Congress outlaws slave trade
•1812 – 1814 War of 1812
•1820 Missouri Compromise
•1822- Vesey slave rebellion in South Carolina
•1829- Walker published Appeal to the Colored Citizens of the World
•1831- Nat Turner slave rebellion in Virginia
Garrison publishes The Liberator
•1833- British abolish slavery in the West Indies
•1834- Abolitionist students expelled from Lane Theological Seminary
•1835- U.S. Post Office orders destruction of abolitionist mail
•1837- Mob kills abolitionist Lovejoy in Illinois
•1839- Weld publishes American Slavery As It Is
•1845- F. Douglass publishes Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass
•1848- Mexican American War ends
•1850- Compromise of 1850
•1854- Kansas Nebraska Act
Was the Civil War caused by a Failure of
Leadership/Democracy?
• Dred Scott Case
• Conflict in Congress – Sumner and Gag Order
• Kansas-Nebraska Act (not fair voting); Bleeding
Kansas
• Fugitive Slave Law
• Presidents who served
(Taylor/Fillmore/Pierce/Buchanan)
• Lincoln Douglas Debates/Presidential
Candidates/Election of 1860
• South Secedes
• Denmark Vasey
• American Colonization Society promoted the movement to send AfricanAmericans to Africa.
• “Cotton Kingdom” Referring to the South and their promotion for the exports
of Cotton and how they believed “King Cotton” could make the Confederacy
economically prosperous.  Force great Britain and France to support the
confederacy because their industrial economy depended on cotton (since they
mainly produced textiles).
• Lecompton Constitution One of the Constitutions purposed for Kansas as a
result of an anti-slavery position in the 1855 Topeka Conference.
• Dred Scott v. Sandford It made two main rulings. The first ruling was that
African-Americans were not citizens, and therefore had no standing to sue in
federal court. The second ruling was that the federal government had no power
to regulate slavery in any territory acquired subsequent to the creation of the
United States.
• Tallmadge Amendment – Democrat from NY – requestiong territory of Missouri
to be admitted to the Union.
• Freeport Doctrine Created by Stephen A. Douglas at the second of
Lincoln-Douglas debates  as a response to court ruling over Dred Scott
Case, slavery could be allowed by the people of that territory. In other
words, Popular Sovereignty.
• Gadsden Purchase last major acquisition of land for the United States
April 25,1854 (Ratified by the senate on this date). Includes the region of
present-day southern Arizona and southwestern New Mexico that was
purchased by United States in a treaty signed by James Gadsden, the
American ambassador to Mexico at the time, on December 30. Rail road
interests.
• Copperheads Democrats who wanted an immediate resolution to the
American Civil War with the confederates.
• Freedman’s Bureau- an agency of the War Department set up in 1865 to
assist freed slaves in obtaining relief, land, jobs, fair treatment, and
education.
• First Industrial Revolution 1790-1830- was the transition to new
manufacturing processes that occurred in the period from about 1760 to
some time between 1820 and 1840. (Textiles, steam power, iron making)
• Reciprocity Treaty- The treaty gave free access to the United States
market for sugar and other products grown in the Kingdom of Hawaii
starting in September of 1876, in return the U.S. gained access to what is
known as the Pearl Harbor naval base.
• Commodore Matthew Perry’s expedition- President Millard Fillmore
ordered Matthew C. Perry to command the U.S. Navy's East India
Squadron and to establish diplomatic relations with Japan.
• Panic of 1857- was a financial panic in the United States caused by the
declining international economy and over-expansion of the domestic
economy.
• Greenbacks- Slang term for paper dollars.
• Second Industrial Revolution WWI- a phase of the larger Industrial
revolution corresponding to the latter half of the 19th century until World
War 1
• Ironclad oath- was a key factor in the removing of ex-Confederates
from the political arena during the Reconstruction of the U.S. in
the 1860s. To take the Ironclad Oath, a person had to swear he
had never borne arms against the Union or supported the
Confederacy.
• Wade Davis Bill- of 1864 was a Radical Republicans bill proposed
for the Reconstruction of the South written by two Radical
Republicans
• Tenure of Office Act- was a federal law (in force from 1867 to
1887) that was intended to restrict the power of the President of
United States to remove certain office- holders without the
approval of the Senate; (Impeach Johnson)
• Clara Barton – Red Cross
• Congressional Reconstruction plan- The establishment of military
government in the Southern states as a feature of the system
imposed under the Reconstruction Acts
• Scalawags- A white Southerner who collaborated with northern
Republicans during the Reconstruction, often for personal profit.
• Carpetbaggers- A person from the northern states who went to the
South after the Civil War to profit from the Reconstruction.
• Sanborn Contract Fraud- The Sanborn incident or Sanborn contract
was an American political scandal which occurred in 1874
• Salary Grab Act – Grant admin. - which increased pay for the
president, Supreme Court justices, and members of Congress.
• The Bribing of Belknap- one of the series of scandals that marked
President Ulysses S. Grant's second administration. Carrie
Tomlinson Belknap, second wife of Secretary of War William W.
Belknap, secured a lucrative post tradership at Fort Sill for John S.
Evans. Mrs. Belknap reportedly received $6,000 per year for this
service. After her death in 1870 it was alleged that the money was
paid directly to Secretary Belknap. A subsequent congressional
investigation revealed that Secretary Belknap continued to receive
payments from Evans even after Mrs. Belknap's death.
•The Bribing of Belknap- one of the series of scandals that marked President
Ulysses S. Grant's second administration. Carrie Tomlinson Belknap, second wife
of Secretary of War William W. Belknap, secured a lucrative post tradership at
Fort Sill for John S. Evans. Mrs. Belknap reportedly received $6,000 per year for
this service. After her death in 1870 it was alleged that the money was paid
directly to Secretary Belknap. A subsequent congressional investigation revealed
that Secretary Belknap continued to receive payments from Evans even after Mrs.
Belknap's death.
•The Grant Administration- In May 1875 Secretary of the Treasury Benjamin H.
Bristow struck down upon the infamous Whiskey Ring, a public scandal deemed
impregnable due to powerful connections, until Bristow hired private contractors
to research the fraud.
• Credit Mobilier- Representative Oakes Ames of Massachusetts and Thomas C.
Durant were prominent stockholders in the Union Pacific Railroad. In 1867 the
two cooperated in forming Crédit Mobilier, a dummy construction company
fobbed off as responsible for completing the transcontinental railway`s last 600
miles.
•Compromise of 1877 – ends reconstruction
•
How successful was the Freedmen’s Bureau in achieving its
mission of familiarizing the former slave with free life in the
South?
what extent could Grant’s presidency be considered a
• To
failure as a result of all the scandals that had transpired?
did Andrew Johnson’s reconstruction plan differ from that
• How
of the radical Republicans?
TWO of the following and explain how they
• Choose
contributed to the Civil War.
a) Dred Scott Decision
b) John Brown’s Raid
c) Kansas-Nebraska Act
d) Passage of the Fugitive Slave Law