Transcript US Regents Power Point 4 (Civil War to Jim Crow

U.S HISTORY AND GOVERNMENT
REGENTS REVIEW
POWER POINT 4
Civil War to Jim Crow Laws
Differences Between North and South
• North
– Economy based on production and trade
– Large population
– Center of abolitionist movement
• South
– Economy based on farming
– Small population
– Slavery was a widespread practice
Long Term Causes of the Civil War
• States’ Rights Debate: Southern states believed that
they could nullify a federal law if they believed that it
was unconstitutional
– Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions
– South Carolina Ordinance of Nullification
• Extension of Slavery into the Territories
– Missouri Compromise 1821: Maine enters as free state,
Missouri enters as slave state; no slavery in LA territory
– Compromise of 1850: California enters as free state, Texas
enters as slave state; popular sovereignty used to decide
status of slavery in Mexican Cession
– Bleeding Kansas: Kansas Nebraska Act states that popular
sovereignty will be used to decided status of slavery in LA
territory; causes violence over the issue; overrules
Missouri Compromise
Immediate Causes of the Civil War
• Republican Party:
– Stop the spread of slavery into the territories
• Dred Scott v. Sanford:
– Pro-slavery ruling; Missouri Compromise is
unconstitutional bc it denies a slaveholder his right to
property
• Raid at Harper’s Ferry
– Failed slave uprising strikes fear in the south
• Election of 1860
– Republican Abraham Lincoln elected as president despite
the fact that no southern state voted for him
• Southern Secession 1861
– Southern states secede from the Union creating their own
country
Lincoln’s Wartime Goals and Actions
• Lincoln’s 1st Inaugural Address
– Goal in declaring war on the south is to preserve the
Union
• Lincoln’s Wartime Actions
– Made military decisions without the consent of
Congress
– Suspends habeas corpus in Union territories
– Martial law: arrest anyone who is suspected of
disloyalty
– Overall effect: strengthens the federal gov’t
Union Advantages
• Population
– Larger population means greater supply of soldiers
• Production
– Most factories were located in the North
– Easier to ascertain supplies
• Transportation
– 90% of RR lines were located in the North
– Easier to transport supplies and soldiers
• Location
– Most of the fighting happened in the South
Major Events of the Civil War
• Battle of Gettysburg 1863
– Considered the turning point of the Civil War
– 3 day battle
– Union emerges as the victor and continues to push
confederate army back into the south
• Sherman’s Total War
– March from Atlanta to the Atlantic Ocean
– Destroy everything: plantations, livestock, homes, etc.
• Surrender at Appomattox Courthouse 1865
– Union army surrounded Lee and the confederate army
– After one month of being surrounded with no supplies,
Lee surrendered to Grant
Reconstruction Plans
• Lincoln’s Plan
– Show leniency on the south
– Heal the nation’s wounds quickly
– South was never separated from the Union
• Radical Reconstruction
– Harsh on the south
– Use of military to ensure south’s cooperation
Help for Freedmen
• Freedmen’s Bureau
– Gov’t funded program
– Builds schools and help freed slaves find jobs
• 13th Amendment 1865
– Slavery is illegal
• 14th Amendment
– Citizenship and equal protection under the law for
freed slaves
– Legal protection cannot be denied based on race
• 15th Amendment 1870
– The ability to vote cannot be denied based on race
Freedmen Voting Restrictions
• Poll Tax
– Voters must pay a tax in order to vote
• Literacy Test
– Voters must pass a rigorous reading test in order to vote
• Grandfather Clause
– Anyone whose father/grandfather voted in the election of
1868 is exempt from poll taxes and literacy test
– Automatically excluded freedmen bc they did not receive
the right to vote until 1870
• Ku Klux Klan
– Use of violence against freedmen and white republicans
– Scare these groups from voting
Andrew Johnson’s Impeachment
• Andrew Johnson passed almost 30 vetoes
• Against helping freedmen
• Radical Republican Congress impeached
Johnson
• Johnson was acquitted by Senate (by one
vote)
• Impeachments of Johnson in 1868 and Clinton
in 1998 are similar because both presidents
were acquitted
Segregation
• Jim Crow Laws: establish segregation in the
south
– Blacks and whites were kept separate in all public
facilities
• Plessy v. Fergusson 1896: upholds the
constitutionality of segregation
– Segregation is acceptable if the facilities are
separate but equal
Cycle of Poverty
• Plantation owners still need to operate large
farms
• Sharecropping:
– Plantation owners become landlords
– Former slaves become tenant farmers
– Tenant farmers share their profits with landlord
• Poor harvests make it difficult for landlords
and tenant farmers to repay debts keeping
them in a constant cycle of debt and poverty