Transcript The Civil War - BattleofHastings2010

The
Civil War
(1861-1865)
"A rich man's battle but a poor man's war”
Learning Goal: Students will be able to explain why the North had a major advantage
during the war.
North vs. South in 1861
North
South
Advantages
?
?
Disadvantages
?
?
Rating the North & the South
Learning Goal: Students will be able to explain why the North had a major advantage
during the war.
Railroad Lines, 1860
Why would more
railroad lines make a
difference for the
North?
Think about
supplies…resupplying
troops with weapons
and food
Learning Goal: Students will be able to explain why the North had a major advantage
during the war.
Resources: North & the South
With these
advantages, how
could the North
possibly lose a
major war?
The South was
superior to the
North in 2 ways:
cotton production,
and military
generals
Learning Goal: Students will be able to explain why the North had a major advantage
during the war.
The Union & Confederacy in 1861
Learning Goal: Students will be able to explain why the North had a major advantage
during the war.
Men Present for Duty
in the Civil War
Learning Goal: Students will be able to explain why the North had a major advantage
during the war.
Soldiers’ Occupations:
North/South Combined
Notice that more than
half of those who are
fighting are unskilled
workers.
This was not a war of
machine guns and
amazing technology.
Line up and shoot the
farmer across from you
Learning Goal: Students will be able to explain why the North had a major advantage
during the war.
The Leaders of the Confederacy
Pres. Jefferson Davis
VP Alexander Stevens
The Confederate “White House”
Learning Goal: Students will be able to explain why the North had a major advantage
during the war.
The Confederate Seal
MOTTO  “With God As Our Vindicator”
A Northern View of Jeff Davis
Look hard at the
picture until you
see the donkey
“Anaconda Plan” - North’s
War Strategy
massive land and naval
attack along the Mississippi
River aimed at cutting the
Confederacy in two
Strong defense of
Washington DC
Blockade of the
Confederacy's Atlantic and
Gulf coasts
Overall Goal = suffocate
South like an anaconda snake
The “Anaconda” Plan
Learning Goal: Students will be able to explain why the North had a major advantage
during the war.
Lincoln’s Generals
Winfield Scott
Irwin McDowell
George McClellan
Joseph Hooker
Ambrose Burnside
Ulysses S. Grant
George Meade
George McClellan,
Again!
McClellan: I Can Do It All!
The Confederate Generals
“Stonewall” Jackson
Nathan Bedford
Forrest
George Pickett
Jeb Stuart
James Longstreet
Robert E. Lee
Union was older than the Constitution, so no one
could legally leave the Union
Lincoln’s main goal during the war was the keep
the Union together, not to end slavery
Learning Goal: Students will be able to explain why the North had a major advantage
during the war.
Northern objections to fighting with negroes:
1) they felt superior
2) believed most black men were too servile and
cowardly to make good soldiers
→ Lincoln feared arming the negroes because it
could scare the border states and he feared
their weapons could end up in Confederate
hands
Learning Goal: Students will be able to explain why the North had a major advantage
during the war.
1) Lincoln as Key Force: Lincoln was the
common denominator in the freeing of the
slaves.
2) Self-Emancipation Theory: the slaves freed
themselves and Lincoln hindered more than he
helped; image of Lincoln as the Great
Emancipator is a myth with racial bias
Learning Goal: Students will be able to explain why the North had a major advantage
during the war.
Battle of Bull Run
(1st Manassas)
July, 1861
Learning Goal: Students will be able to explain why the North had a major advantage
during the war.
Take 15-20 minutes, and with a partner or 2,
create a simple flow chart of proposed
legislation that dealt with slavery. Include the
year and relevant details
Crittenden Compromise
Popular Sovereignty
Wilmot Proviso
Missouri Compromise
Compromise of 1850
Kansas-Nebraska Act
Emancipation Proclamation
The Battle of the Ironclads, March, 1862
*The CSS Virginia, a captured and rebuilt Union
steam frigate formerly known as the Merrimac,
engages the USS Monitor in the first battle
between iron-fortified naval vessels in history.
The Monitor vs.
the Merrimac
*The Confederate navy's addition of iron plates
to the captured USS Merrimac steam frigate
temporarily made it an unstoppable force in
the disputed waters
*Battle ended in a draw
Learning Goal: Students will be able to explain why the North had a major advantage
during the war.
Buy Your Way Out of Military Service
 With the bulk of the country’s wealth situated in the North, a man
could purchase a substitute to take his place for as little as $300,
sometimes less.
 In the South, a man could gain an exemption from service if he had
at least 20 slaves on his plantation or farm, or he could also pay for
a substitute soldier to take his place.
J.P. Morgan shelled out the $300 to
buy a substitute to serve in his
stead. While Morgan stayed home,
evading military service and the
draft, he made enormous profits by
providing war materiel.
Read more:
Andrew Carnegie paid a poor Irish immigrant the
sum of $850 to fight in his place. He was but one of
a number of rich men of his generation who would
ultimately be referred to as “robber barons,” since
in addition to physically not serving, they would
make money by providing the Union armies with
everything that was needed, from uniforms and
shoes to rifles.
War in the East: 1861-1862
Battle of Antietam
“Bloodiest Single Day of the War”
September 17, 1862
23,000 casualties
Emancipation in 1863
The
Emancipation
Proclamation
Only freed the slaves living in the states in
rebellion
What does this mean?
It really freed no slaves because the states
in rebellion (the South), had broken away
from the Union and would ignore this
proclamation
The myth is the Emancipation Proclamation
freed the slaves
The Southern View of Emancipation
Who is in the
picture?
Why is he
portrayed the way
he is?
Learning Goal: Students will be able to explain why the North had a major advantage
during the war.
African-American Recruiting Poster
The Famous 54th Massachusetts
August Saint-Gaudens Memorial to
Col. Robert Gould Shaw
African-Americans
in Civil War Battles
Black Troops Freeing Slaves
Learning Goal: Students will be able to explain why the North had a major advantage
during the war.
The War in the
West, 1863:
Vicksburg
• Confederacy lost this battle
and was split in half
• Ulysses S. Grant’s armies
converged on Vicksburg,
infiltrating the city and
entrapping a Confederate army
under Lt. Gen. John
Pemberton. On July 4,
Vicksburg surrendered after
extended siege operations.
Learning Goal: Students will be able to explain why the North had a major advantage
during the war.
The Road to Gettysburg: 1863
Known as the turning
point in the war
Major Northern victory;
turned the tide of the war
in favor of the North
(Union)
Learning Goal: Students will be able to explain why the North had a major advantage
during the war.
Gettysburg Casualties
Learning Goal: Students will be able to explain why the North had a major advantage
during the war.
The North
Initiates the
Draft, 1863
Requiring three years of service for those
selected between the ages of 18 and 35;
Later, as the war prospects dimmed, the
pool was enlarged by taking in ages 17 to
50.
A large number of exemptions were
allowed and there were provisions for
substitutions.
Learning Goal: Students will be able to explain why the North had a major advantage
during the war.
Recruiting Irish Immigrants in NYC
Recruiting Blacks in NYC
NYC Draft Riots, (July 13-16, 1863)
NYC Draft Riots, (July 13-16, 1863)
A “Pogrom” Against Blacks
Pogrom = act of
violence against
a group of
people
Term was made
famous later
during WW2 as
the Germans
would do this to
Jewish people
Inflation in the South
Inflation = when the
price of goods increases
over time
What does inflation say
about the performance
of the South during the
war?
The Progress of War: 1861-1865
Sherman’s “March
to the Sea”through
Georgia, 1864
Union General William T. Sherman led some 60,000 soldiers on a 285-mile march from
Atlanta to Savannah, Georgia. The purpose of this “March to the Sea” was to frighten
Georgia’s civilian population into abandoning the Confederate cause. Sherman’s soldiers
did not destroy any of the towns in their path, but they stole food and livestock and burned
the houses and barns of people who tried to fight back.
1864 Election
Pres. Lincoln (R)
George McClellan (D)
The Peace Movement: Copperheads
Clement Vallandigham
1864 Copperhead
Campaign Poster
Cartoon Lampoons Democratic
Copperheads in 1864
Presidential
Election
Results:
1864
The North’s progress in
the war ensured
Lincoln would easily
win reelection
Learning Goal: Students will be able to explain why the North had a major advantage
during the war.
The Final Virginia Campaign:
1864-1865
Learning Goal: Students will be able to explain why the North had a major advantage
during the war.
Surrender at Appomattox
April 9, 1865
Learning Goal: Students will be able to explain why the North had a major advantage
during the war.
Casualties on Both Sides
Learning Goal: Students will be able to explain why the North had a major advantage
during the war.
Civil War Casualties
in Comparison to Other Wars
Learning Goal: Students will be able to explain why the North had a major advantage
during the war.
Ford’s Theater (April 14, 1865)
The Assassin
John Wilkes Booth
The Assassination
WANTED~~!!
Now He Belongs to the Ages!
Learning Goal: Students will be able to explain why the North had a major advantage
during the war.
The Execution
Learning Goal: Students will be able to explain why the North had a major advantage
during the war.
Sectionalism
Gadsden Purchase
Fugitive Slave Act
Stephen Douglas
Abraham Lincoln as Senator
Hopeful
Secession (South)
Lincoln’s Inaugural Speech
Wilmot Proviso
Harriet Tubman
J. Brown’s Goal
Lincoln’s Goal when war started
13th Amendment
14th Amendment
15th Amendment
Habeas Corpus
War of Attrition
Andersonville
Gettysburg
Emancipation Proclamation
CSA
1861-1865