Transcript Reconstruction

US History
• Pick up your clicker
• Pick up C-Notes from up front
• Take out your C-Notes from last week,
look over them (you are about to take an
assessment)
Which of these were
advantages of the south?
A. More soldiers
B. More weapons
C. Better military leaders
D. Economic advantage
[Default]
[MC Any]
[MC All]
What was so significant about the all
iron/steel submarine used during the Civil
War?
A. Birth of the modern Navy
B. Many people died from sinking
C. Wood ships were considered more useful
What was the significance of the
Gatling Gun?
A. First gun that was loaded through the
muzzle
B. First automatic weapon
C. First time guns were used in war.
80% of North were farmers.
A. True
B. False
C. [Option 3]
D. [Option 4]
What was the name of the new process for
creating steel from molten iron?
A. Bessemer Process
B. Bissinger Process
C. Carnegie Process
D. [Option 4]
How did much agriculture grow
from 1870-1880
A. Stayed the same
B. Triples
C. doubled
D. decreased
[Default]
[MC Any]
[MC All]
What drives the industries of steel, timber,
and coal in the 1860s-1870s
A. Labor unions
B. Building of new factories
C. destroyed railroad repairs and additions
[Default]
[MC Any]
[MC All]
Learning Targets
– Describe the significance of the important
events that led to the development of
Tennessee during Reconstruction.
– Explain the impact the Hayes- Tilden
Presidential election of 1876 had on
America and the end of Reconstruction.
Reconstruction
• Old Rebel
The song “Old Rebel” best
describes what
A. The Yankees’ happiness at winning the
war.
B. very few Southerners were able to
emotionally accept the consequences of
defeat
C. The willingness of the Southerners to
embrace Northern ideals.
D. [Option 4]
The South is destroyed
• The Civil War ended April 9, 1865.
• Most of the land in the South was
destroyed by the Civil War. The South
would need to be rebuilt.
• This rebuilding of the South was called
Reconstruction.
Reconstruction Plan
• President Lincoln wanted to reunite the
nation as quickly as possible.
• Any southern state with at least 10% of
its voters making a pledge to be loyal
to the U.S. could be readmitted to the
Union.
• The South also had to accept a ban
on slavery.
What percentage of voters had to pledge to
be loyal to the union in order to regain
admission?
A. 5%
B. 20%
C. 10%
D. 50%
Why was the South divided into
military districts?
A. They had not yet readmitted to the union
B. They were out of control and needed
military intervention.
C. They refused to abolish slavery.
The Slaves Are Free
• With the ending of the war, the
slaves were now free.
• The 13th Amendment to the
Constitution was passed.
• The 13th Amendment made slavery
illegal forever in the United States.
The Freedmen’s Bureau
• The Freedmen’s Bureau was
established to help poor blacks and
whites in the South.
• The Freedmen’s Bureau established
schools in the South.
• Laws against educating slaves during
the Civil War meant that most exslaves did not know how to read and
write.
What was one of the major
accomplishments of the Freedman’s
bureau?
A. Builds churches
B. Built schools and educated former
slaves
C. Organizes families
Freedmen’s Bureau (1865)
 Bureau of Refugees,
Freedmen, and
Abandoned Lands.
 Many former northern
abolitionists risked their
lives to help southern
freedmen.
 Called
“carpetbaggers” by
white southern
Democrats.
Why were people from the North that moved
to the South called carpet baggers?
A. They were seen as taking advantage of
the prospects in the South
B. Their luggage mainly consisted of
“carpet bags”
C. They were looking to gain money from
the south.
D. All of the above.
E. None of the above.
Freedmen’s Bureau Seen
Through
Southern
Eyes
Plenty to
eat and
nothing to
do.
Lincoln’s Second Inaugural
Address
• On March 4, 1865, President Lincoln
laid out his approach to
Reconstruction in his second inaugural
address.
• He hoped to reunite the nation and it’s
people.
• Lincoln Video Clip
• “With malice [hatred] toward none,
with charity for all, with firmness in
the right as God gives us to see the
right, let us finish the work we are in,
to bind up the nation's wounds, to
care for him who shall have borne
the battle, and for his widow and for
his orphans, to do all which may
achieve and cherish a just and a
lasting peace among ourselves and
with all nations.
Lincoln is assassinated
• Just six days after the war ended, on
April 15, 1865, President Abraham
Lincoln was assassinated while
watching a play.
• Lincoln was assassinated by John
Wilkes Booth, a Southerner who was
angry at Lincoln.
• Vice-President Andrew Johnson
became president.
What group of conspirators was
responsible for Lincoln’s death?
A. Those who wanted to punish the South
B. Those who were AGAINST abolishing
slavery
C. Radical Republicans.
The Black Codes
• The Black Codes were laws passed
by Southern states that limited the
new-found freedom of African
Americans.
• Black Codes forced African
Americans to work on farms or as
servants. They also prevented
African Americans from owning
guns, holding public meetings, or
renting property in cities.
The Black Codes were laws passed by
Southern states that limited the new-found
freedom of African Americans.
A. True
B. False
C. [Option 3]
Voting Rights
• Other laws were passed to keep
blacks from voting.
• One law said former slaves had to pay
a tax to vote. It was called a poll tax.
• Another law was passed that said a
person could only vote if their
grandfather had voted. These laws
were called the Grandfather Clause.
Radical Republicans
• The Black Codes angered many
Republicans in Congress who felt the South
was returning to its old ways.
• The Radical Republicans wanted the South
to change more before they could be
readmitted to the Union.
• They were angry at President Johnson for
letting the South off so easy.
The 14th Amendment
• The 14th Amendment guaranteed
citizenship to all people born or
naturalized within the U.S. except for
the Indians.
• It said that state governments could
not “deprive any person of life, liberty,
or property, without due process of
law.”
US History
• Clickers, C-notes from the other day,
Primary Source Docs
• What is this picture referencing?
th
14
Amendment
A. Abolished slavery
B. granted African Americans the right
to vote.
C. guaranteed citizenship to all people
born or naturalized within the U.S.
except for the Indians.
Johnson and The Radical
Republicans
• Congress was angry at President
Johnson for not going along with their
Reconstruction policies.
• As a result, Congress impeached
Johnson.
Which is the relationship status of The
Radical Republicans and Johnson
A. BFFs
B. its complicated
C. Married in ideals
Impeachment
• Impeachment is the process of
charging a public official with a crime.
• The next step was to try the president
in the Senate.
• By a single vote, Republicans failed to
convict Johnson.
• The only other time a president has
been impeached was Bill Clinton.
Johnson was impeached and
removed from office.
A. Trueth
B. Falseth
Yellow Fever Memphis 1878
• Spread from slave ships
• Started in Vicksburg
• Lady in Memphis dies, town flees
• By October 20,000 people had died.
Ku Klux Klan
• In 1866 a group of white southerners created
the Ku Klux Klan.
• The KKK was a secret society opposed to
African Americans obtaining civil rights,
particularly the right to vote.
• The KKK used violence and intimidation to
frighten blacks.
• Klan members wore white robes and hoods
to hide their identities.
• The Klan was known to have murdered
many people.
The Ku Klux Klan
More than 1 answer
A. Used violence to intimidate blacks
B. Murdered many people
C. Started before the Civil War
D. A society opposed to African Americans
gaining civil rights.
15th Amendment
• In 1870 the 15th Amendment became
law.
• The 15th Amendment gave African
American men the right to vote.
• Women’s rights activists were angry
because the amendment did not also
grant women the right to vote.
Which amendment would eventually give
women the right to vote?
A. 18th
B. 19th
C. 20th
D. 21st
African American Legislators
• In TN, 14 African Americans were voted
into the general assembly.
• All former slaves
• After 1887, no other would be elected until
the 1950s
Segregation and Jim Crow
Laws
• Starting in 1881, blacks had to stay in
separate hotels, sit in separate parts of
theaters, ride in separate rail cars, and
have separate schools, libraries, and
parks. This is known as segregation.
• Segregation - the legal separation of
blacks and whites in public places
• Jim Crow Laws - laws that forced
segregation
Plessy v. Ferguson
• The Supreme Court ruled segregation was
legal in Plessy v. Ferguson.
• They said that segregation was fair as long
as “separate-but-equal” facilities were
provided for African Americans.
• In practice, the African American facilities
were usually “separate-and-unequal.”
• It would take until the 1965, 100 years after
the Civil War ended, for Jim Crow laws to
be outlawed and blacks to finally realize
legal equality in America.
Sharecropping
Tenancy & the Crop Lien System
Furnishing Merchant
 Loan tools and seed
up to 60% interest
to tenant farmer to
plant spring crop.
 Farmer also secures
food, clothing, and
other necessities on
credit from
merchant until the
harvest.
 Merchant holds
“lien” {mortgage} on
part of tenant’s
future crops as
repayment of debt.
Tenant Farmer
 Plants crop,
harvests in
autumn.
 Turns over up to ½
of crop to land
owner as payment
of rent.
 Tenant gives
remainder of crop
to merchant in
payment of debt.
Landowner
 Rents land to tenant
in exchange for ¼
to ½ of tenant
farmer’s future
crop.
Document Analysis
• Look at the question. As a group on your
document answer:
• This prompt is asking me to prove…
• On your table, write all of things that you
will need to know for your background
information.
Document Analysis
• On each document:
• Left Column
– Authors
message/main idea
– Perspective/Time
Period
– Background info it
ties to
• Right Column
– What does it tell
you about the
answer to the
question being
investigated.
– Any supporting
facts
Verify the Validity of the Source
• Does the author’s background, context of
the times, the audience being addressed,
or the purpose behind the source affect its
meaning or significance?
Yes
Or
No?
Written Analysis:
• Label by number:
– 1. Explain the document and what is saying.
Give examples.
– 2. Explain how each document answers the
question, including facts supporting your
argument.
– 3. Make a judgment of the source’s credibility
or weight as evidence should also be included
when it affects the meaning or significance of
the document.
Final
• Create a FOUR sentence answer, as a
group, that answers the Big Question
• Example:
– Thesis: The changing status of African
Americans in America from 1876 to the early
1900s was…
– First….
– Later in the 1800s…
– And by the end of the 1800s African
Americans….
• Each state is entitled to as many electoral votes as
the sum of its representation
– U.S. House of Representatives
– U.S. House of Senate
• Ohio: 18 House members plus 2 senators = 20
electoral votes
– Total:
•
•
•
•
435 House members
100 senators
3 electors for the District of Columbia
= 538 electoral votes
Delegate Votes Divided
 Each state determines the manner of
selection
 All but two states use a winner-take-all
delegates statewide election system
 Nebraska
 Maine
 Everyone else
 If Candidate A gets the most votes in a state,
Candidate A gets the all of the delegates.
Voters and Electors
• Therefore,
– An Ohioan who votes for Obama is
really voting for a elector pledged to
cast the state’s electoral votes for
Obama.
– Remember:
6
• In 2000, Bush won all of Florida’s 25
electoral votes because the final official
vote tally showed him ahead of Gore by
about 600 votes.
The amount of electors depends
on
A. population
B. Size of state
C. unemployment
D. Economic stability
1876 Presidential Tickets
“Regional Balance?”
1876 Presidential Election
Hayes/Tilden Presidential
Election
• Tilden won popular vote
• Electoral vote 185/184
• Compromise of 1877 –
– Hayes gets 20 electoral votes that were
unresolved, as long as…
• Republicans pull their troops out of the South.
How many electoral votes must
you have to win presidency?
A. 120
B. 205
C. 280
D. 185
Alas, the Woes of Childhood…
Sammy Tilden—Boo-Hoo! Ruthy Hayes’s got my
Presidency, and he won’t give it to me!
A Political Crisis: The
“Compromise” of 1877
Presidential Election of 1877
Significance
•Ends Reconstruction
•Leaves the South on their own…….
What is likely to happen in the south
now that the federal troops have left it?
A. Growth and prosperity
B. A return to racist roots
C. A Great depression
Segregation and Jim Crow
Laws
• Starting in 1881, blacks had to stay in
separate hotels, sit in separate parts of
theaters, ride in separate rail cars, and
have separate schools, libraries, and
parks. This is known as segregation.
• Segregation - the legal separation of
blacks and whites in public places
• Jim Crow Laws - laws that forced
segregation
Plessy v. Ferguson
• The Supreme Court ruled segregation was
legal in Plessy v. Ferguson.
• They said that segregation was fair as long
as “separate-but-equal” facilities were
provided for African Americans.
• In practice, the African American facilities
were usually “separate-and-unequal.”
• It would take until the 1965, 100 years after
the Civil War ended, for Jim Crow laws to
be outlawed and blacks to finally realize
legal equality in America.
40 Acres and Mule
• During Reconstruction, ex-slaves were
promised 40 acres of land and a mule.
• Unfortunately, the government never came
through with their promise.
• During the riots in the 1960’s, people were
overheard saying, “That’s for my 40 acres
and a mule,” as they stole something from a
store.
• Film maker Spike Lee’s company is called 40
Acres and a Mule.
Agree/Disagree
• Pick up your Orange and Green cards
• Green – AGREE
• Orange- Disagree
• THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT SHOULD
FUND SCHOOLS AND UNIVERSITIES FOR
AFRICAN AMERICANS
• THE NORTH SHOULD PROVIDE AN ACRE
OF LAND (IN THE NORTH) FOR EACH
FORMER SLAVE FAMILY
• THE CONFEDERATE STATES SHOULD PAY
FOR 75% OF THE WAR COSTS.
•FORMER CONFEDERATE
STATES SHOULD BE READMITTED TO THE UNION BUT
DENIED REPRESENTATION IN
CONGRESS
• THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT SHOULD
PAY FOR FREEDMEN TO LOCATE FAMILY
MEMBERS AND PAY FOR PASSAGE
BACK TO AFRICA IF THE FREEDMEN
WANTS IT
• FORMER CONFEDERATE STATES SHOULD
BE REQUIRED TO HAVE AT LEAST ONE
FREEDMEN SERVE IN THE FEDERAL
SENATE OR HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
• THE FEDERAL (UNION) MILITARY SHOULD
OCCUPY THE FORMER CONFEDERACY
FOR AT LEAST TEN YEARS
• THERE SHOULD BE A SEPARATE STATE
CREATED FOR ALL THE FREEDMEN