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GIRDING FOR WAR: The
North and the South
A.P. American History
Chapter 20
South Carolina Assails
Ft.Sumter
 By the time
Lincoln took
office, March 4th,
1861, 7 states
had already
departed and 8
more were
teetering
 Lincoln’s
inaugural
address- Pg. 418
South Carolina Assails Ft.Sumter
 The South seized all
federal forts, arsenals,
and ports.
 Ft. Sumter remained in
federal hands- Explainpg 419-420
 April, 15th- Lincoln issued
a call for 75,000
volunteers- 90 day
enlistment
 April 19th- Union
blockaded southern ports
 Southern response- 4
more states secededVirginia, Ark., Tenn., and
N.C.
THE BORDER STATES
 Border States- Slave states that did not
secede from the Union- Missouri,
Kentucky, Maryland, and Delaware
 Border states had a vast white majority
 Double the manufacturing of the other
slave states.
 Ohio River was the northern borderimportant transportation route.
 Lincoln- “I hope I have God on my side, but
I must have Kentucky.”
THE BORDER STATES
THE BORDER STATES
 Lincoln used some harsh measures to
keep the border states in the Union
 Maryland- Declared martial law, threw
hundreds of people into jail without trial or
charges.
 West Virginia and Missouri- Stationed a
large number of troops.
 Lincoln could not declare the Civil War
a war against slavery, did not want to
upset the border states. (Butternut
region of Ohio)
 Reason for the war was to save the
Union (page 420-421)
“BILLY YANK- JOHNNY REB”
 Many northern volunteers from
southern states.
 Mt whites- 50,000
 300,000 from the South
 Many southern volunteers from
northern states
 Many border states provided
thousands of troops to the
south
 Split families
BALANCE OF FORCES
SOUTH
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Fighting a defensive war
North had to invade and
conquer
Fighting on their own soiltheir way of life
Strong morale
Most talented officers
Southern man was an
excellent soldier
Taken over northern forts
and armories
Few industries
Severe shortages
Lack of transportation
Population of 9 million
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NORTH
¾ of nations wealth
¾ of Railroad lines
Large navy controlled the
sea
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Blockade
Trade with Europe
Population of 22 million
Immigration continued
Not prepared to fight
Poor leaders
Page 425
DETHRONING KING COTTON
 The South counted on
foreign support
 Aristocratic classes of
Europe were
sympathetic to the
South
 Working people of
Europe supported the
North
 Southern cotton
producers felt that the
British textile
companies were
dependent on
southern cotton
 Why were they wrong
(Pg 426)
LIMITATIONS OF WARTIME
LIBERTIES
 The Decisiveness of Diplomacy- 427
 Foreign Flare-ups- 427-428
 Read on your own
 President Davis vs. President Lincoln-427-428
 LIMITATIONS OF WARTIME INDUSTRIES
 Lincoln took questionable constitutional actions
 Proclaimed a blockade w/o congressional approval
 Increased the size of the military w/o congressional
approval
 Suspended Writs of Habeas Corpus for Anti-Unionists
 Pg 429
Volunteers and Draftees
NORTH
 1861-1863-Volunteer
army, based on states
population
 1663- Congress passed
a federal conscription
(draft)
 Hire substitute- $300
 N.Y. Draft Riots
 More than 90% of
Union troops were
volunteers
 Bounties and Bounty
Jumpers
Volunteers and Draftees
SOUTH
 1861-1862- Relied
on volunteers
 1862- Conscription
in the South (draft)
 Substitute Provision
 Slave owners of
20+ were exempt
 Rich man’s war and
poor man’s fight
Economic Stresses of War

NORTH
Financing the war
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Excise tax on tobacco
and alcohol
Income Tax- 1st time
in American history
Increase in Tariff
revenues-some
protective tariffs
Printing of paper
money-GreenbacksInflation
Selling of war bonds
SOUTH
 Financing the war
 Little tariff incomeBlockade
 Selling of war bonds
 Because the states
were supreme, the
Federal government
was blocked from
raising taxes too much
 Printing of paper
money- Fantastic
Inflation-9,000%
The North’s Economic Boom
 Read Page 432
 Labor saving devices
enabled the North to
expand economically
 Sewing machine
 Mechanical Reapers
and farm machinery
 Discovery of oil- A
whole new industry
WOMEN AND WAR
 Women took male jobs- More
opportunities
 Factory Jobs
 Govt. Jobs
 400 women posed as men and
fought
 Worked as spies
 Elizabeth Blackwell- U.S.
Sanitation Commission
 Clara Barton- Dorthea Dix
 Pages 433
 A Crushed Cotton
Kingdom- Page 433