Transcript The American Civil War 1860 – 1865 Growing Regional Differences

The American Civil War
1860 – 1865
Growing Regional Differences
(1820 – 1860)
• Sectionalism = N/ S
• Factory vs. Farms
• Immigration in the
North
• Railroads vs.
Waterways
• Free vs. Slave
• $1.5 B North vs. $155
M South GNP
The Compromise of 1850
•
The Mexican War of 1846-48 increased
the size of the U.S. (Balance of Power)
Henry Clay (KY) proposed:
1. CA be admitted as a free state
2. NM and UT would vote on slavery
3. Slave trade abolished in capital
4. Fugitive Slave Law of 1850
Bleeding Kansas! (1854 – 1856)
• Kansas-Nebraska Act
(1854) opened NW
territories to slavery
• Free-soilers and Border
Ruffians vied for control
• Abolitionist John Brown
kills 5 pro slavers in KS
• Violence spreads to the
Senate floor as Senator
Charles Sumner is caned
The Road to Disunion
• Uncle Tom’s Cabin
(1852) by Harriet
Beecher Stowe
• Republican Party
(1854)
• Dred Scott Decision
(1854)
• John Brown hanged
for attack on Harpers
Ferry (1859)
The Election of 1860
• Democratic Party Split
N and S over territories
& slavery
• Douglas (popular
sovereignty), Bell (TN),
& Breckenridge (KY)
• A. Lincoln (R) wins with
40% of popular vote
(carries no S state!)
Secession!
South Carolina leaves on Dec. 20, 1860
and 6 others follow to CSA by 1861.
Southern War Strategy
• After Fort Sumter (April
12, 1861) 4 more states
joined the CSA.
• The CSA Generals and
President Davis planned
a defensive war.
• CSA hoped Europe
would aid and had better
leadership.
• Lincoln hoped to
preserve the Union.
Northern War Strategy
The Union developed a strategy called the
Anaconda Plan. They hoped to:
1. Blockade all Southern Ports
2. Control the Mississippi River and
divide the CSA in half
3. Capture and occupy the Confederate
capital of Richmond, VA
General R. E. Lee forces Stalemate
in the East
• 1st Bull Run,VA
(7/1861)
• Antietam (9/ 1862)
• Fredericksburg, VA
(12/1862)
• Chancelorsville, VA
(5/1863) – CSA
Gen.“Stonewall”
Jackson dead
The Emancipation
Proclamation
• Issued Fall 1862 and
effective Jan. 1, 1863
• Freed all slaves in
areas of the U.S. still
under CSA control
• Battle of Antietam
(Sept. 1862)
• Only good if Union
won war
1863: The Turning Point
• July 1-3, 1863 – Lee
leads Army of N.VA
North to PA
• 23,000 Union and 28,000
CSA casualties at
Gettysburg, PA
• July 4, 1863 – Gen. U.S.
Grant takes Vicksburg
on Mississippi River
• The Tide Turned to
Union
Sherman’s March to the Sea and
Total Warfare
• Sept. 2, 1864 – Gen.
Sherman captures
Atlanta, GA
• Marches to Savannah,
GA – 300 mile-long
and 50 mile-wide
swath of destruction
• Turns north in Dec.
1864 to meet Grant
• Civilians and slaves
suffer immensely
Lee Surrenders! April 9, 1865
• Richmond, the CSA
capital, was in ruins
• President Davis and
officials fled from
Grant
• Appomattox, VA
• 640,047 Union and
483,026 CSA casualties
of war
Lincoln is Assassinated!
• John Wilkes Booth, an
actor, plotted to
kidnap Lincoln and
others
• April 14, 1865 at
Ford’s Theatre he
shoots Lincoln
• Booth is later killed
near Port Royal, VA
• 4/10 co-conspirators
were hanged