Transcript AP United States Review Session

AP United States Review
Session
Jessica Stephens
April 14, 2007
Society of the U.S.
(1800-1859)
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Emerging Groups
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Utopians
Mormons
Feminists
Abolitionists
Other Reform Attempts:
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Temperance, Public Schools, Prison Reform,
Asylum, etc.
Presidents:
Build Up to the Civil War through
the Gilded Age
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Martin Van Buren (1837-1841)
William Harrison (1841)
John Tyler (1841-1845)
James Polk (1845-1849)
Zachary Taylor (1849-1850)
Millard Fillmore (1850-1853)
Franklin Pierce (1853-1857)
James Buchanan (1857-1861)
Abraham Lincoln (1861-1865)
Andrew Johnson (1865-1869)
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Ulysses S. Grant (1869-1877)
Rutherford B. Hayes (18771881)
James Garfield (1881-1881)
Chester Arthur (1881-1885)
Grover Cleveland (1885-1889)
Benjamin Harrison (18891893)
Grover Cleveland (1893-1897)
The most active people in the religious revivals of
the mid-nineteenth century were…
Roman Catholics
2.
Jews
Mainstream Protestants
4.
Quakers
Evangelical Christians
1.
3.
5.
Most founders of utopian
communities believed that?
If social arrangements could be perfected, the
ills of society could be eliminated.
2.
If men and women lived together without
being married, the population would decline.
3.
If perfect communities were created, the
government would be forced to abolish slavery.
4.
If the natural defects of human society could
be outlawed, men and women could live in
harmony.
1.
The asylum movement of the
1800s incorporated the
principle of?
Freedom from strict discipline for
prisoners and mental hospital inmates.
The swift return of social deviants to the
mainstream of society.
3. Firm, yet humane, treatment to
rehabilitate the criminal and the insane.
Using lessons from Indian life to improve
the rest of American society.
1.
2.
4.
A Changing Nation
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Growth of the Great West
Drop in the Birthrate
Increase in Immigration
Growing Problems of Urbanization
Changing Roles of Women and Minorities
Which of the following supplied the largest
number of immigrants to the United States
during the first half of the 19c?
England
2. Africa
3. Ireland
The German states
5. Holland
1.
4.
The term "Cult of Domesticity"
refers to?
The idealization of women in their roles as wives and
mothers during the early 19c.
2.
An aspect of the Salem witchcraft trials of 1692, in
which mainly middle-aged matrons were accused of
practicing evil magic.
3.
The Shakers, a religious sect founded by Mother Ann
Lee in the 18c.
4.
The defense given by antebellum apologists for
slavery, who argued that bondage was a form of
benevolent paternalism.
5.
The Puritans' insistence on the importance of the
family as the cornerstone of their social order.
1.
Early 19th Century Industrialization
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Why did we go through industrialization?
Inventions and Technology
The Rise of Unions
Changes in Agriculture
Changes in Commerce
Factors promoting the beginnings of American
industrialization during the early 19th century
included all of the following except…
High Protective Tariffs
2. Improvements in Transportation
3. Large-Scale Immigration
The Absence of craft organizations that
tied artisans to a single trade.
Close and friendly relations with already
industrialized Great Britain.
1.
4.
5.
A Different World-Life in the South
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Characteristics:
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Agrarian, Division between the Upper and
Lower South, Distinct Social Classes, Urban
Slavery
Slave Trade
Revolts/Resistance
Role of Women
Response to Anti-Slavery Movement
Southern Social Class
Planter Class
Yeomen Farmers
House Slaves
Poor Whites
Field Slaves
The paternalistic view of slavery
held that…
Slavery was a necessary evil that should be phased out
as soon as it was economically possible.
2.
Slavery was a totally unjustifiable abuse of humanity
demanding the immediate abolition.
3.
Slavery was an artifact of a more primitive past that
would eventually fade out on its own.
4.
Slavery was necessary to protect blacks from the
mistreatment and abuse they would receive if they
were freed.
5.
Slavery was necessary to keep blacks from developing
their superior potential and eventually dominating the
white race.
1.
The most common form of resistance on the
part of black American slaves prior to the
Civil War was…
1.
3.
4.
5.
Violent uprisings in which many persons were
killed.
2. Attempts to escape and reach Canada by
means of the ‘Underground Railroad.’
Passive resistance, including breaking tools and
slightly slowing the pace of work.
Arson of plantation buildings and cotton gins.
Poisoning of the food consumed by their white
masters.
Manifest Destiny
and
Westward Expansion
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Oregon Country
The Texas Question
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Mexican American War
Webster-Ashburton Treaty
Mormon Migration
Gold Rush
Manifest Destiny and Growing
Sectionalism
In coining the phrase “Manifest Destiny,”
journalist John L. O’Sullivan meant that…
The struggle for racial equality was the ultimate
goal of America’s existence.
2. America was certain to become an independent
country sooner or later.
3. It was the destiny of America to overspread the
continent.
4. America must eventually become either all
slave or all free.
5. America should seek to acquire an overseas
empire.
1.
One reason for the AngloTexan rebellion against
Mexican rule was that?
The Mexicans opposed slavery.
The Mexican government refused to allow the
"Old Three Hundred" to purchase land.
The Anglo-Texans wanted to break away from
a government that had grown too
authoritarian.
The Anglo-Texans objected to the Mexican
government's execution of Stephen Austin.
5.
All of these choices are correct
1.
2.
3.
4.
The Building Crisis
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Wilmot Proviso
The Compromise of
1850
Strengthened Fugitive
Slave Law
Kansas-Nebraska Act
Popular Sovereignty
Bleeding Kansas
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Dred Scott v. Sanford
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Many Southerners supported
the Compromise of 1850
because it?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Provided that cotton be substituted for
currency as a medium of exchange.
Made the number of free states and slave
states equal.
Legalized slavery in all the newly acquired
territories.
Provided for the possible creation of five states
out of Texas.
Provided for the return of fugitive slaves.
In the Dred Scott case, the
Supreme Court ruled that?
Dred Scott was not a citizen of the United
States.
2. Dred Scott could not legally sue in a federal
court.
3. The Missouri Compromise was unconstitutional.
4. Congress had no power to ban slavery from a
territory.
5. All of these choices are correct
1.
The principle of ‘popular
sovereignty’ was…
First conceived by Senator Stephen A. Douglas.
2. Applied as part of the Missouri Compromise.
3. A central feature of the Kansas-Nebraska Act.
4. A policy favored by the Whig Party during the
late 1840s and early 1850s.
5. Successful in solving the impasse over the
status of slavery in the territories.
1.
The Outbreak of War
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Election of 1860
Lincoln’s Inaugural Address
Fort Sumter
Lincoln’s War Powers
Lincoln won the 1860 Presidential
Election primarily because…
There was overwhelming support throughout the country for
the Republican’s anti-slavery platform.
2. He was seen as a moderate by both Northerners and
Southerners who could possibly negotiate a compromise
between abolitionists and slaveholders.
3. He gathered overwhelming support in the highly populated
Northern states while his three opponents divided the antiLincoln vote in the North, West, and South.
4. The Know-Nothing Party gave Lincoln its endorsement, and
combined with Republican support, the two parties were able
to outpoll the politically isolated Democrats.
5. He was able to discredit his chief opponent, Stephen Douglas,
as a “closet abolitionist.”
1.
Advantages of Both the North and
the South
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North
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Transportation
Natural Resources
Industry
Capital
Population
Navy
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South
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Pride
Generals
Potential Cotton Trade
United States: 1861
Important Points of the Civil War
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Homefront: North and South
Emancipation Proclamation
Gettysburg Address
Election of 1864
In issuing the Emancipation
Proclamation, one of Lincoln’s goals
was to…
Gain the active aid of Great Britain and France in
restoring the Union.
Stir up enthusiasm for the war in such border states as
Maryland and Kentucky.
Please the radicals in the North by abolishing slavery in
the areas of the South already under the control of
Union armies.
Please Russia, one of the Union’s few overseas friends,
where the serfs had been emancipated the previous
year.
Keep Britain and France from intervening on the side of
the Confederacy.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Reconstruction
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Lincoln’s Plan
Johnson’s Plan
Congressional Reconstruction
Finalized Reconstruction
Post-War Life in the South
The sharecropping system in the
South following Reconstruction had
the effect of…
Allowing many former slaves and poor white tenant
farmers, who could have never otherwise owned land, to
buy their own farms.
Moving many former slaves and poor white tenant farmers
into the middle class.
Pushing tenant farmers and poor independent farmers into
deep levels of debt to large landowners and merchants.
Helping to limit the power of former plantation owners and
Northern business interests.
5. Changing the basic attitudes of whites and blacks who
were now forced to work side by side farming the same
land.
1.
2.
3.
4.
Which of the following statements
is true of Lincoln’s Ten Percent
Plan?
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It stipulated that at least ten percent of former
slaves must be accorded the right to vote within
a given Southern state before that state could
be readmitted to the Union.
It allowed the rights of citizenship only to those
Southerners who could take an oath that they
had never been disloyal to the Union.
It allowed high-ranking rebel officials to regain
the right to vote and hold office by simply
promising future behavior.
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It was silent on the issue of slavery.
It provided for the restoration of loyal
governments for the erstwhile Confederate
states now under Union control.
The Gilded Age
Westward Expansion
 Politics/Corruption
Industrialization/Economy/Agriculture
 Immigration
 Social and Cultural Developments
 Foreign Relations
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Westward Expansion
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Frederick Jackson Turner’s Frontier Thesis
Homestead Act/Exodusters
Transcontinental Railroad
Cattle Industry/Cowboys
Issues with Geography
Issues with Native Americans
Nebraska Homesteaders
Open-range ranching came to
an end due to?
Overproduction of beef and declining
prices.
Federal support for irrigated agriculture.
The range wars between cattlemen and
sheepherders.
4. Increase in cattle production in the
Midwest and East.
Fencing of the plains with barbed wire.
1.
2.
3.
5.
The Homestead Act provided?
That Indians should henceforth own their lands as
individuals rather than collectively as tribes.
2. 160 acres of free land within the public domain to any
head of household who would settle on it and improve
it over a period of five years.
3. Large amounts of federal government land to Great
Plains cattle ranchers who would contract to provide
beef for the Union army.
4. 40 acres of land to each former slave above the age of
21.
5. That the land of former Confederates should not be
confiscated.
1.
Politics and Corruption
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Ulysses S. Grant
Rutherford B. Hayes
James Garfield
Grover Cleveland
Political
Machine
Which of the following groups
would have been most likely to
support Tammany Hall?

Industrial and Business Leaders
 Organized Religion
 Poor Urban Immigrants
 Middle-class shop owners
 Wealthy Rural Landowners
Industrialization/Economy/
Agriculture
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Social Darwinism
Labor Unrest/Labor Unions
Big Business/Captains of Industry
Growth of Populism
Government Interventions
Industrialization in America
The only dominant, broad-based
labor union in the United States
from 1870-1890 was…
National Labor Union
2. Industrial Workers of the World (IWW)
3. American Federation of Labor (AF of L)
4. Congress of Industrial Organization
(CIO)
5. Knights of Labor
1.
The first "big business" in America, at least
in terms of finance, labor relations, and
management, was?
The oil refining industry
2. The telephone industry
3. The movie industry
4. The steel industry
5. The railroad industry
1.
Immigration
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Who? Why? Where?
Ellis Island/Angel Island
Nativism/Xenophobia
Development of Settlement Houses
Immigrants coming to America from Eastern
and Southern Europe during the late 19th
century were most likely to…
Settle in large cities in the Northeast or
Midwest.
2.
Settle on farms in the upper Midwest.
3.
Seek to file on homesteads on the Great
Plains.
4.
Migrate to the South and the Southwest.
5.
Return to their homelands after only a brief
stay in the U.S.
1.
The United States did NOT restrict
immigration during most of the 19c for
all of the following reasons EXCEPT?
There was a continuous demand for cheap
labor.
2. Population growth did not present serious
ecological problems then.
Immigrants from China made excellent workers
in building railroads.
4. Many Europeans wanted to immigrate to
America.
5. An amendment to the Constitution was
necessary to enact such legislation.
1.
3.
Social and Cultural Developments
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Urbanization
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Changes for the Better
Social Gospel
Movement
Progress in Education
Emergence of AfricanAmerican Leaders
Literature
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Newspapers/
Magazines
Literary/Artistic
Realism
Popular Amusements
Sports
Chicago’s World’s Fair
Emergence of Radio
and Film
Chicago’ Columbian Exposition
Which of the following was among
the objectives of Booker T.
Washington?
To keep up a constant agitation of questions of
racial equality.
2. To encourage blacks to be more militant in
demanding their rights.
3. To encourage blacks to work hard, acquire
property, and prove they were worthy of rights.
4. To urge blacks to accept separate but equal
facilities.
5. To form an organization to advance the rights
of blacks.
1.
The growth of most American cities
in 1880 was determined primarily
by…
1.
4.
Urban planning by Local Officials
2. Public Needs
3. Federal Regulations
British Models of Ideal Urban Growth
Patterns
5. Profit Motives
Foreign Relations
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Movement from Isolationism to
Interventionism
Monroe Doctrine
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Significant Involvement in the Western
Hemisphere in the late 19th Century
By the end of the 19c, jingoism in the
United States was encouraged by all of
the following EXCEPT?
European Imperialism
2. Yellow Journalism
3. International Darwinism
Naval views of Alfred Thayer Mahan
5. New Immigrants
1.
4.